Showing papers on "Photovoltaic system published in 2022"
TL;DR: Azmi et al. as mentioned in this paper fabricated damp heat-stable inverted solar cells by tailoring the dimensional fragments of two-dimensional perovskite layers formed at room temperature with oleylammonium iodide molecules.
Abstract: If perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) are to be commercialized, they must achieve long-term stability, which is usually assessed with accelerated degradation tests. One of the persistent obstacles for PSCs has been successfully passing the damp-heat test (85°C and 85% relative humidity), which is the standard for verifying the stability of commercial photovoltaic (PV) modules. We fabricated damp heat–stable PSCs by tailoring the dimensional fragments of two-dimensional perovskite layers formed at room temperature with oleylammonium iodide molecules; these layers passivate the perovskite surface at the electron-selective contact. The resulting inverted PSCs deliver a 24.3% PCE and retain >95% of their initial value after >1000 hours at damp-heat test conditions, thereby meeting one of the critical industrial stability standards for PV modules. Description Stabilizing inverted solar cells Although inverted (p-i-n) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have advantages in fabrication and scaling compared with n-i-p cells, their power conversion efficiencies (PCEs ) are usually lower. Azmi et al. show that by tailoring the number of octahedral inorganic sheets in two-dimensional perovskite (2DP) passivation layers for three-dimensional perovskite active layers, PCEs of more than 24% could be achieved (see the Perspective by Luther and Schelhas). The 2DP layers formed with oleylammonium iodide molecules at the electron-selective interface passivated trap states and suppressed ion migration. These PSCs retained more than 95% of their initial efficiency after 1000 hours of damp-heat testing (85°C and 85% relative humidity), which passes a key industrial stability standard. —PDS Tailored two-dimensional perovskite passivation layers enable efficient, damp-heat stable inverted perovskite solar cells.
227 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , the vertical component distribution can significantly influence the photovoltaic performance of organic solar cells (OSCs), mainly due to its impact on exciton dissociation and charge-carrier transport and recombination.
Abstract: The variation of the vertical component distribution can significantly influence the photovoltaic performance of organic solar cells (OSCs), mainly due to its impact on exciton dissociation and charge‐carrier transport and recombination. Herein, binary devices are fabricated via sequential deposition (SD) of D18 and L8‐BO materials in a two‐step process. Upon independently regulating the spin‐coating speeds of each layer deposition, the optimal SD device shows a record power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.05% for binary single‐junction OSCs, much higher than that of the corresponding blend casting (BC) device (18.14%). Impressively, this strategy presents excellent universality in boosting the photovoltaic performance of SD devices, exemplified by several nonfullerene acceptor systems. The mechanism studies reveal that the SD device with preferred vertical components distribution possesses high crystallinity, efficient exciton splitting, low energy loss, and balanced charge transport, resulting in all‐around enhancement of photovoltaic performances. This work provides a valuable approach for high‐efficiency OSCs, shedding light on understanding the relationship between photovoltaic performance and vertical component distribution.
220 citations
TL;DR: In this article , an extension of the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) was used to evaluate farmers' intentions to install a photovoltaic (PV) water pump in rural Pakistan and the farmers willingness to pay extra for green electricity.
156 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors provide a comprehensive review of the solar H 2 production technologies, with a particular focus on the high solar-to-H 2 (STH) conversion efficiency achieved by each route.
Abstract: : Solar H 2 production is considered as a potentially promising way to utilize solar energy and tackle climate change stemming from the combustion of fossil fuels. Photocatalytic, photoelectrochemical, photovoltaic − electrochemical, solar thermochemical, photothermal catalytic, and photobiological technologies are the most intensively studied routes for solar H 2 production. In this Focus Review, we provide a comprehensive review of these technologies. After a brief introduction of the principles and mechanisms of these technologies, the recent achievements in solar H 2 production are summarized, with a particular focus on the high solar-to-H 2 (STH) conversion e ffi ciency achieved by each route. We then comparatively analyze and evaluate these technologies based on the metrics of STH e ffi ciency, durability, economic viability, and environmental sustainability, aiming to assess the commercial feasibility of these solar technologies compared with current industrial H 2 production processes. Finally, the challenges and prospects of future research on solar H 2 production technologies are presented.
140 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the environmental impacts of renewable energy source (RES) based power plants are analyzed through a comprehensive review considering solar thermal, solar photovoltaic, wind, biomass, geothermal, hydroelectric, tidal, ocean current, oceanic wave, ocean thermal, and osmotic effects.
Abstract: Renewable energy source (RES) based electrical power plants are widely considered green and clean due to their contribution to decarbonizing the energy sectors. It is apparent that RESs do not produce carbon dioxide, however their significant negative impacts on the environment are still found and cannot be ignored. In this paper, the environmental impacts of RES based power plants are analyzed through a comprehensive review considering solar thermal, solar photovoltaic, wind, biomass, geothermal, hydroelectric, tidal, ocean current, oceanic wave, ocean thermal, and osmotic effects. Solar thermal power is well known as concentrated solar power. A strength, weakness, opportunity, and threat (SWOT) analysis is carried out and discussed for all RES based power plants. Comparative SWOT analyses for solar photovoltaic and concentrated solar power plants are presented. The comparative environmental impact analyses for all existing RES based power plants are tabulated for various attributes. These attributes include but are not limited to human health, noise, pollution, greenhouse gas emission, ozone layer depletion, toxification, flooding, impact on inhabitants, eutrophication, dried up rivers, and deforestation. Based on the analysis, it is found that careful selection of RES for electrical power plants is necessary because improper utilization of RES could be very harmful for the environment.
139 citations
TL;DR: In this article , a review of 2D/3D perovskite solar cells using surface passivation is presented, where a vast amount of literature is surveyed to comprehensively summarize the recent progress on 2D and 3D heterostructure PSCs.
Abstract: 3D perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have shown great promise for use in next-generation photovoltaic devices. However, some challenges need to be addressed before their commercial production, such as enormous defects formed on the surface, which result in severe SRH recombination, and inadequate material interplay between the composition, leading to thermal-, moisture-, and light-induced degradation. 2D perovskites, in which the organic layer functions as a protective barrier to block the erosion of moisture or ions, have recently emerged and attracted increasing attention because they exhibit significant robustness. Inspired by this, surface passivation by employing 2D perovskites deposited on the top of 3D counterparts has triggered a new wave of research to simultaneously achieve higher efficiency and stability. Herein, we exploited a vast amount of literature to comprehensively summarize the recent progress on 2D/3D heterostructure PSCs using surface passivation. The review begins with an introduction of the crystal structure, followed by the advantages of the combination of 2D and 3D perovskites. Then, the surface passivation strategies, optoelectronic properties, enhanced stability, and photovoltaic performance of 2D/3D PSCs are systematically discussed. Finally, the perspectives of passivation techniques using 2D perovskites to offer insight into further improved photovoltaic performance in the future are proposed.
137 citations
TL;DR: In this article , surface treatments may induce a negative work function shift (that is, more n-type), which activates halide migration to aggravate PSC instability, limiting the maximum stability improvement attainable for PSCs treated in this way.
Abstract: Optoelectronic devices consist of heterointerfaces formed between dissimilar semiconducting materials. The relative energy-level alignment between contacting semiconductors determinately affects the heterointerface charge injection and extraction dynamics. For perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the heterointerface between the top perovskite surface and a charge-transporting material is often treated for defect passivation1-4 to improve the PSC stability and performance. However, such surface treatments can also affect the heterointerface energetics1. Here we show that surface treatments may induce a negative work function shift (that is, more n-type), which activates halide migration to aggravate PSC instability. Therefore, despite the beneficial effects of surface passivation, this detrimental side effect limits the maximum stability improvement attainable for PSCs treated in this way. This trade-off between the beneficial and detrimental effects should guide further work on improving PSC stability via surface treatments.
132 citations
TL;DR: In this article , two well miscible polymer donors, PM6 and J71, were used to achieve a power conversion efficiency of 16.52% for APSCs in a ternary blend with PY-IT.
108 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , the key advances in SnO2 development are reviewed, including various deposition approaches and surface treatment strategies, to enhance the bulk and interface properties of SnO 2 for highly efficient and stable n-i-p PSCs.
Abstract: Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) based on the regular n–i–p device architecture have reached above 25% certified efficiency with continuously reported improvements in recent years. A key common factor for these recent breakthroughs is the development of SnO2 as an effective electron transport layer in these devices. In this article, the key advances in SnO2 development are reviewed, including various deposition approaches and surface treatment strategies, to enhance the bulk and interface properties of SnO2 for highly efficient and stable n–i–p PSCs. In addition, the general materials chemistry associated with SnO2 along with the corresponding materials challenges and improvement strategies are discussed, focusing on defects, intrinsic properties, and impact on device characteristics. Finally, some SnO2 implementations related to scalable processes and flexible devices are highlighted, and perspectives on the future development of efficient and stable large‐scale perovskite solar modules are also provided.
96 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , the degradation of photovoltaic (PV) systems is one of the key factors to address in order to reduce the cost of the electricity produced by increasing the operational lifetime of PV systems.
Abstract: The degradation of photovoltaic (PV) systems is one of the key factors to address in order to reduce the cost of the electricity produced by increasing the operational lifetime of PV systems. To reduce the degradation, it is imperative to know the degradation and failure phenomena. This review article has been prepared to present an overview of the state-of-the-art knowledge on the reliability of PV modules. Whilst the most common technology today is mono- and multi-crystalline silicon, this article aims to give a generic summary which is relevant for a wider range of photovoltaic technologies including cadmium telluride, copper indium gallium selenide and emerging low-cost high-efficiency technologies. The review consists of three parts: firstly, a brief contextual summary about reliability metrics and how reliability is measured. Secondly, a summary of the main stress factors and how they influence module degradation. Finally, a detailed review of degradation and failure modes, which has been partitioned by the individual component within a PV module. This section connects the degradation phenomena and failure modes to the module component, and its effects on the PV system. Building on this knowledge, strategies to improve the operational lifetime of PV systems and thus, to reduce the electricity cost can be devised. Through extensive testing and failure analysis, researchers now have a much better overview of stressors and their impact on long term stability. • Review of reliability metrics and test methodologies for photovoltaic modules • Indicative mapping of relationships between stressors, components, failures and effects in PV modules. • Assessment on the impact of degradation and failure on LCOE and EPBT. • Review of design considerations for all components in a PV module regarding reliability.
95 citations
TL;DR: In this article , a new polymer donor named PQM•Cl was designed and its photovoltaic performance was explored and the results demonstrate that PQm•Cl is a potential candidate for all-polymer OPV cells and provide insights into the design of polymer donors for high-efficient allpolymer ODV cells.
Abstract: The development of polymerized small‐molecule acceptors has boosted the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of all‐polymer organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells to 17%. However, the polymer donors suitable for all‐polymer OPV cells are still lacking, restricting the further improvement of their PCEs. Herein, a new polymer donor named PQM‐Cl is designed and its photovoltaic performance is explored. The negative electrostatic potential and low average local ionization energy distribution of the PQM‐Cl surface enable efficient charge generation and transfer process. When blending with a well‐used polymer acceptor, PY‐IT, the PQM‐Cl‐based devices deliver an impressive PCE of 18.0% with a superior fill factor of 80.7%, both of which are the highest values for all‐polymer OPV cells. The relevant measurements demonstrate that PQM‐Cl‐based films possess excellent mechanical and flexible properties. As such, PQM‐Cl‐based flexible photovoltaic cells are fabricated and an excellent PCE of 16.5% with high mechanical stability is displayed. These results demonstrate that PQM‐Cl is a potential candidate for all‐polymer OPV cells and provide insights into the design of polymer donors for high‐efficient all‐polymer OPV cells.
TL;DR: In this article , a reverse-doping process was introduced to fabricate nitrogen-doped titanium oxide electron transport layers with outstanding charge transport performance, and the authors demonstrated 1-cm2 cells with fill factors of >86%, and an average fill factor of 85.3%.
Abstract: Owing to rapid development in their efficiency1 and stability2, perovskite solar cells are at the forefront of emerging photovoltaic technologies. State-of-the-art cells exhibit voltage losses3-8 approaching the theoretical minimum and near-unity internal quantum efficiency9-13, but conversion efficiencies are limited by the fill factor (<83%, below the Shockley-Queisser limit of approximately 90%). This limitation results from non-ideal charge transport between the perovskite absorber and the cell's electrodes5,8,13-16. Reducing the electrical series resistance of charge transport layers is therefore crucial for improving efficiency. Here we introduce a reverse-doping process to fabricate nitrogen-doped titanium oxide electron transport layers with outstanding charge transport performance. By incorporating this charge transport material into perovskite solar cells, we demonstrate 1-cm2 cells with fill factors of >86%, and an average fill factor of 85.3%. We also report a certified steady-state efficiency of 22.6% for a 1-cm2 cell (23.33% ± 0.58% from a reverse current-voltage scan).
TL;DR: In this article , the authors proposed a fine-tuned artificial intelligent model to predict the thermal efficiency and water yield of the solar still, which consists of a traditional artificial neural network model optimized by a meta-heuristic optimizer called humpback whale optimizer.
TL;DR: In this article , the main challenges facing in recent years and the most significant results obtained from the integration of photovoltaic cells, supercapacitors and batteries are discussed, as well as the designs of integration, the impact of nanostructured materials, the possibility of developing electrodes shared between several parts of the devices and the possibility to achieving important objectives in the field of portable electronics.
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors focus on the recent progress of Y6-derived asymmetric fused-ring electron acceptors (FREAs) containing a dipyrrolobenzothiadiazole segment, which can be classified as asymmetric end group, asymmetric central core and asymmetric side chain.
Abstract: Symmetric conjugated molecules can be broken through suitable synthetic strategies to construct novel asymmetric molecules, which can largely broaden the material library. In the field of organic solar cells, fused‐ring electron acceptors (FREAs) with the A‐DA'D‐A type backbone structure have attracted much attention and enabled power conversion efficiencies (PCE) exceeding 18%. Among them, Y6 is one of the most classic FREAs that can derive many symmetric and asymmetric molecules and exhibit unique optoelectronic properties. Thus, in this review, the focus is on the recent progress of Y6‐derived asymmetric FREAs containing a dipyrrolobenzothiadiazole segment, which can be classified as the following three categories: asymmetric end group, asymmetric central core and asymmetric side chain. The relationship of the molecular structure, optoelectronic properties, and device performance is discussed in detail. Finally, the future design directions and challenges faced by this kind of photovoltaic materials are given.
TL;DR: In this paper , the solvent dielectric constant and Gutmann donor number were used to grow phase-pure 2D halide perovskite stacks of the desired composition, thickness, and bandgap without dissolving the underlying substrate, which achieved a photovoltaic efficiency of 24.5% with less than 1% degradation under continuous light at 55°C and 65% relative humidity.
Abstract: Realizing solution-processed heterostructures is a long-enduring challenge in halide perovskites because of solvent incompatibilities that disrupt the underlying layer. By leveraging the solvent dielectric constant and Gutmann donor number, we could grow phase-pure two-dimensional (2D) halide perovskite stacks of the desired composition, thickness, and bandgap onto 3D perovskites without dissolving the underlying substrate. Characterization reveals a 3D–2D transition region of 20 nanometers mainly determined by the roughness of the bottom 3D layer. Thickness dependence of the 2D perovskite layer reveals the anticipated trends for n-i-p and p-i-n architectures, which is consistent with band alignment and carrier transport limits for 2D perovskites. We measured a photovoltaic efficiency of 24.5%, with exceptional stability of T99 (time required to preserve 99% of initial photovoltaic efficiency) of >2000 hours, implying that the 3D/2D bilayer inherits the intrinsic durability of 2D perovskite without compromising efficiency. Description Pure perovskite topcoats Two-dimensional (2D) halide perovskite passivation layers grown on three-dimensional (3D) perovskite can boost the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of solar cells, but spin-coating of these layers usually forms heterogeneous 2D phases or only ultrathin layers. Sidhik et al. found that solvents with the appropriate dielectric constant and donor strength could grow phase-pure 2D phases of controlled thickness and composition on 3D substrates without dissolving them. Solar cells maintained a peak PCE of 24.5% for 2000 hours with less than 1% degradation under continuous light at 55°C and 65% relative humidity. —PDS Solvents enable growth of phase-pure two-dimensional perovskites without dissolving three-dimensional perovskite substrates.
TL;DR: In this paper , a review of photo-enhanced rechargeable rechargeable metal batteries based on photovoltaic technology and high energy-density metal batteries is presented, which can simplify device configuration, lower costs, and reduce external energy loss.
Abstract: Solar energy is considered the most promising renewable energy source. Solar cells can harvest and convert solar energy into electrical energy, which needs to be stored as chemical energy, thereby realizing a balanced supply and demand for energy. As energy storage devices for this purpose, newly developed photo-enhanced rechargeable metal batteries, through the internal integration of photovoltaic technology and high-energy-density metal batteries in a single device, can simplify device configuration, lower costs, and reduce external energy loss. This review focuses on recent progress regarding the working principles, device architectures, and performances of various closed-type and open-type photo-enhanced rechargeable devices based on metal batteries, including Li/Zn-ion, Li-S, and Li/Zn-I2, and Li/Zn-O2/air, Li-CO2, and Na-O2 batteries. In addition to provide a fundamental understanding of photo-enhanced rechargeable devices, key challenges and possible strategies are also discussed. Finally, some perspectives are provided for further enhancing the overall performance of the proposed devices.
TL;DR: In this article , a comprehensive and critical review on the effective parameters in optimal planning process of solar PV and battery storage system for grid-connected residential sector is presented, where the key parameters in process of optimal planning for PV-battery system are recognized and explained.
Abstract: Integration of solar photovoltaic (PV) and battery storage systems is an upward trend for residential sector to achieve major targets like minimizing the electricity bill, grid dependency, emission and so forth. In recent years, there has been a rapid deployment of PV and battery installation in residential sector. In this regard, optimal planning of PV-battery systems is a critical issue for the designers, consumers, and network operators due to high number of parameters that can affect the optimization problem. This paper aims to present a comprehensive and critical review on the effective parameters in optimal planning process of solar PV and battery storage system for grid-connected residential sector. The key parameters in process of optimal planning for PV-battery system are recognized and explained. These parameters are economic and technical data, objective functions, energy management systems, design constraints, optimization algorithms, and electricity pricing programs. A timely review on the state-of-the-art studies in PV-battery optimal planning is presented. The challenges, trends and latest developments in the topic are discussed. At the end, scopes for future studies are developed. It is found that new guidelines should be provided for the customers based on various electricity rates and demand response programs. Also, several design considerations like grid dependency and resiliency need further investigation in the optimal planning of PV-battery systems. • A timely survey on the state-of-the-art in optimal planning of PV-battery for grid-connected residential sector (GCRS). • A classification of existing studies on optimal planning of PV-battery for GCRS. • A review of the latest research developments on optimal planning of PV-battery for GCRS. • Recent challenges for optimal planning problem of PV-battery for GCRS. • An outlook of the future research scopes in optimal planning of PV-battery for GCRS.
TL;DR: In this paper, a comprehensive and critical review on the effective parameters in optimal planning process of solar PV and battery storage system for grid-connected residential sector is presented, where new guidelines should be provided for the customers based on various electricity rates and demand response programs.
Abstract: Integration of solar photovoltaic (PV) and battery storage systems is an upward trend for residential sector to achieve major targets like minimizing the electricity bill, grid dependency, emission and so forth. In recent years, there has been a rapid deployment of PV and battery installation in residential sector. In this regard, optimal planning of PV-battery systems is a critical issue for the designers, consumers, and network operators due to high number of parameters that can affect the optimization problem. This paper aims to present a comprehensive and critical review on the effective parameters in optimal planning process of solar PV and battery storage system for grid-connected residential sector. The key parameters in process of optimal planning for PV-battery system are recognized and explained. These parameters are economic and technical data, objective functions, energy management systems, design constraints, optimization algorithms, and electricity pricing programs. A timely review on the state-of-the-art studies in PV-battery optimal planning is presented. The challenges, trends and latest developments in the topic are discussed. At the end, scopes for future studies are developed. It is found that new guidelines should be provided for the customers based on various electricity rates and demand response programs. Also, several design considerations like grid dependency and resiliency need further investigation in the optimal planning of PV-battery systems.
TL;DR: Simulation results obtained under heterogeneous home environments indicate the advantage of the proposed approach in terms of convergence speed, appliance energy consumption, and number of agents.
Abstract: This article proposesa novel federated reinforcement learning (FRL) approach for the energy management of multiple smart homes with home appliances, a solar photovoltaic system, and an energy storage system. The novelty of the proposed FRL approach lies in the development of a distributed deep reinforcement learning (DRL) model that consists of local home energy management systems (LHEMSs) and a global server (GS). Using energy consumption data, DRL agents for LHEMSs construct and upload their local models to the GS. Then, the GS aggregates the local models to update a global model for LHEMSs and broadcasts it to the DRL agents. Finally, the DRL agents replace the previous local models with the global model and iteratively reconstruct their local models. Simulation results obtained under heterogeneous home environments indicate the advantage of the proposed approach in terms of convergence speed, appliance energy consumption, and number of agents.
TL;DR: In this paper , a review of solar energy harvesting (SEH) technologies for PV self-powered applications is presented, including maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques and power management (PM) systems.
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors survey the key changes related to materials and industrial processing of silicon PV components and discuss what it will take for other PV technologies to compete with silicon on the mass market.
Abstract: Crystalline silicon (c-Si) photovoltaics has long been considered energy intensive and costly. Over the past decades, spectacular improvements along the manufacturing chain have made c-Si a low-cost source of electricity that can no longer be ignored. Over 125 GW of c-Si modules have been installed in 2020, 95% of the overall photovoltaic (PV) market, and over 700 GW has been cumulatively installed. There are some strong indications that c-Si photovoltaics could become the most important world electricity source by 2040–2050. In this Review, we survey the key changes related to materials and industrial processing of silicon PV components. At the wafer level, a strong reduction in polysilicon cost and the general implementation of diamond wire sawing has reduced the cost of monocrystalline wafers. In parallel, the concentration of impurities and electronic defects in the various types of wafers has been reduced, allowing for high efficiency in industrial devices. Improved cleanliness in production lines, increased tool automation and improved production technology and cell architectures all helped to increase the efficiency of mainstream modules. Efficiency gains at the cell level were accompanied by an increase in wafer size and by the introduction of advanced assembly techniques. These improvements have allowed a reduction of cell-to-module efficiency losses and will accelerate the yearly efficiency gain of mainstream modules. To conclude, we discuss what it will take for other PV technologies to compete with silicon on the mass market. Crystalline silicon solar cells are today’s main photovoltaic technology, enabling the production of electricity with minimal carbon emissions and at an unprecedented low cost. This Review discusses the recent evolution of this technology, the present status of research and industrial development, and the near-future perspectives.
TL;DR: In this article , the development of NIR-absorbing materials for OPVs is reviewed, and the structure-property relationship between various kinds of donor (D, A units and absorption window are constructed to satisfy requirements for different applications.
Abstract: Near-infrared (NIR)-absorbing organic semiconductors have opened up many exciting opportunities for organic photovoltaic (OPV) research. For example, new chemistries and synthetical methodologies have been developed; especially, the breakthrough Y-series acceptors, originally invented by our group, specifically Y1, Y3, and Y6, have contributed immensely to boosting single-junction solar cell efficiency to around 19%; novel device architectures such as tandem and transparent organic photovoltaics have been realized. The concept of NIR donors/acceptors thus becomes a turning point in the OPV field. Here, the development of NIR-absorbing materials for OPVs is reviewed. According to the low-energy absorption window, here, NIR photovoltaic materials (p-type (polymers) and n-type (fullerene and nonfullerene)) are classified into four categories: 700-800 nm, 800-900 nm, 900-1000 nm, and greater than 1000 nm. Each subsection covers the design, synthesis, and utilization of various types of donor (D) and acceptor (A) units. The structure-property relationship between various kinds of D, A units and absorption window are constructed to satisfy requirements for different applications. Subsequently, a variety of applications realized by NIR materials, including transparent OPVs, tandem OPVs, photodetectors, are presented. Finally, challenges and future development of novel NIR materials for the next-generation organic photovoltaics and beyond are discussed.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors proposed a CNN-LSTM-CNN architecture for photovoltaic power generation, which merges two deep learning architectures, the long short-term memory and convolutional neural network (CNN), using a real-world dataset from Rabat, Morocco.
TL;DR: In this paper , a hybrid renewable-energy-based system for generating multiple commodities is investigated, where the heat gained from geothermal and solar energy sources is converted into useful products such as electricity, domestic hot water, cooling load, and hydrogen via an integrated energy system including parabolic trough collectors, a Kalina cycle, an ejector refrigeration system, a thermoelectric generator (TEG) unit, an organic Rankine cycle, and a PEM electrolyzer.
TL;DR: Wang et al. as mentioned in this paper established a basic framework for the estimation of rooftop PV technical, economic and environmental potential in the old residential buildings of Nanjing City, and provided the prediction results for the development of rooftop photovoltaic (PV) development plan in Nanjing.
TL;DR: In this article , an asymmetric wideband gap non-fullerene acceptor named AITC was synthesized for improving the photovoltaic performance of organic solar cells.
Abstract: The ternary and tandem strategies are effective methods for improving the photovoltaic performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). Here an asymmetric wide-bandgap nonfullerene acceptor named AITC is synthesized. AITC with...
TL;DR: In this article, a terpolymer PM6-Si30 was constructed by inserting chlorine and alkylsilyl-substituted benzodithiophene (BDT) unit into the state-of-the-art polymer PM6.
TL;DR: In this paper , a terpolymer PM6-Si30 was constructed by inserting chlorine and alkylsilyl-substituted benzodithiophene (BDT) unit into the state-of-the-art polymer PM6.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors demonstrate that engineering cation disorder in a ternary chalcogenide semiconductor leads to considerable absorption increase due to enhancement of the optical transition matrix elements.
Abstract: Strong optical absorption by a semiconductor is a highly desirable property for many optoelectronic and photovoltaic applications. The optimal thickness of a semiconductor absorber is primarily determined by its absorption coefficient. To date, this parameter has been considered as a fundamental material property, and efforts to realize thinner photovoltaics have relied on light-trapping structures that add complexity and cost. Here we demonstrate that engineering cation disorder in a ternary chalcogenide semiconductor leads to considerable absorption increase due to enhancement of the optical transition matrix elements. We show that cation-disorder-engineered AgBiS2 colloidal nanocrystals offer an absorption coefficient that is higher than other photovoltaic materials, enabling highly efficient extremely thin absorber photovoltaic devices. We report solution-processed, environmentally friendly, 30-nm-thick solar cells with short-circuit current density of 27 mA cm−2, a power conversion efficiency of 9.17% (8.85% certified) and high stability under ambient conditions.