Showing papers on "Rebound effect (conservation) published in 2018"
TL;DR: Wang et al. as mentioned in this paper investigated the three types of environmental regulations on energy consumption using feasible generalized least squares method during 1997-2015 in direct and indirect path in China and found that the environmental regulations have a significant negative effect on the energy consumption.
98 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors use the case study of smartphone reuse in the US to quantify the rebound effects from reuse. But they focus on two main rebound mechanisms: (1) imperfect substitution between re-circulated (recycled, reused, etc.) and new products and (2) re-spending due to economic savings.
Abstract: The environmental benefits of the circular economy (CE) are often taken for granted. There are, however, reasons to believe that rebound effects may counteract such benefits by increasing overall consumption or ‘growing the pie’. In this study, we focus on two main rebound mechanisms: (1) imperfect substitution between ‘re-circulated’ (recycled, reused, etc.) and new products and (2) re-spending due to economic savings. We use the case study of smartphone reuse in the US to quantify, for the first time, rebound effects from reuse. Using a combination of life cycle assessment, sales statistics, consumer surveying, consumer demand modelling, and environmentally-extended input-output analysis, we quantify the magnitude of this rebound effect for life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions. We find a rebound effect of 29% on average, with a range of 27% to 46% for specific smartphone models. Moreover, when exploring how rebound might play out in other regions and under different consumer behaviour patterns, we find that rebound effects could be higher than 100% (backfire effect). In other words, we estimate that about one third, and potentially the entirety, of emission savings resulting from smartphone reuse could be lost due to the rebound effect. Our results thus suggest that there are grounds to challenge the premise that CE strategies, and reuse in particular, always reduce environmental burdens.
77 citations
TL;DR: This paper proposes an optimal sequential dispatch strategy of ACs to mitigate the lead–lag rebound, and thus realize flexible control of the duration time from minutes to several hours, and a capacity-time evaluation framework of the operating reserve is developed.
Abstract: Air conditioners (ACs) are widely considered as good candidates to provide operating reserve. Demand response rebound, i.e., the rebound peak of aggregate power, may exist when ACs are controlled by changing the set point temperature. The rebound peak during the recovery period, named lag rebound, may cause significantly higher demand than that prior to the reserve deployment event. The rebound peak during the reserve deployment period, named lead rebound, is rarely considered in previous researches but will constrain the duration time to a short period (e.g., 10 min), which greatly limits the utilization of ACs. This paper proposes an optimal sequential dispatch strategy of ACs to mitigate the lead–lag rebound, and thus realize flexible control of the duration time from minutes to several hours. To quantify the effects of lead–lag rebound, a capacity-time evaluation framework of the operating reserve is developed. On this basis, ACs are grouped to be dispatched in sequence to mitigate the lead–lag rebound. The co-optimization of sequential dispatch on the capacity dimension and time dimension forms a mixed-integer nonlinear bilevel programming problem, in which the consumers’ thermal comfort is also guaranteed. Case studies are conducted to validate the proposed strategy.
71 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a model of how energy efficiency improvements (EEI) can interfere with decision-making processes and lead to "motivational rebound effects" as well as to "beneficial effects" which countervail rebounds.
67 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a microeconomic analytical approach to assess the effects of water-saving investments and the resulting irrigation efficiency on water use and consumption at field level, and analyze the relationship between irrigation efficiency, water demand and water pricing.
65 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the discrepancy between calculated heat demand and measured heat consumption is defined as the performance gap, which suggests that the energy efficiency of houses affects the energy-consuming habits of its occupan...
Abstract: The discrepancy between calculated heat demand and measured heat consumption – the performance gap – suggests that the energy efficiency of houses affects the energy-consuming habits of its occupan...
62 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used the standard OLS regression and autoregressive distributed lag cointegration (ARDL) approach to provide estimates of the magnitude of the rebound effect for residential gas consumption in France.
61 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a meta-analysis of 74 primary studies containing 1120 estimates of the direct rebound effect in road transport to evaluate its magnitude and identify its determinants.
61 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors assess the dynamic path and medium-term environmental impact of certain consumer-oriented measures, using a dynamic Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model.
52 citations
TL;DR: Based on panel data of 14 cities from 2003 to 2013, this paper estimated the rebound effect's magnitude in YRDUA's industrial sectors using dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) and seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) methods.
52 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors defined the water rebound effect (WRE) using macro-scale indicators of water use and water productivity, established a simplified direct comparison method using the contribution rate of technological progress, and evaluated the magnitude of the macroscale WRE in the Chinese agricultural sector using provincial panel data from 1997 to 2014.
TL;DR: Wang et al. as discussed by the authors conducted a detailed analysis of both the direct and indirect energy rebound effect from the household perspective in China under a unified research framework, and showed that there are significant differences in risk vulnerability regarding energy rebound effects among different regions.
TL;DR: In this article, the potential emission and energy savings due to energy efficiency improvement may not fully materialize due to the rebound in energy efficiency due to a rebound in global economic growth.
TL;DR: Wang et al. as mentioned in this paper used translog production function to measure the contribution rate of technological progress to output growth, and estimated the rebound effect, which showed that the average rebound effect was about 68.3% during 1981-2015.
TL;DR: The legal and supervised types of environmental regulation in the eastern, central, and western regions have a Green Paradox and rebound effect on energy consumption, and the counterfactual simulation results indicate that the net effects of three types ofEnvironmental regulation onEnergy consumption are different.
Abstract: Based on panel data from 1997 to 2015 in China, in this paper, the direct and indirect effects of three types of environmental regulation on energy consumption are explored with the 2SLS and system GMM method. The main conclusions of this study are as follows: (1) the effects of three types of environmental regulation on energy consumption are quite varied. The cost effect of the economical environmental regulation is significant in the direct path. However, the phenomenon of “Green Paradox” emerges in legal and supervised types of environmental regulation. The “rebound effect” of energy, which led to a new energy demand, is greater than the energy conservation generated by technological innovation in the indirect path, which is embodied as a suppression effect. (2) The legal and supervised types of environmental regulation in the eastern, central, and western regions have a Green Paradox and rebound effect on energy consumption. By contrast, the economical environmental regulation shows an opposite performance. (3) The counterfactual simulation results indicate that the net effects of three types of environmental regulation on energy consumption are different. Based on the findings, some corresponding policy implications are provided.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors established an environmental dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model under New Keynesian framework embodying nominal price rigidities, environmental policies, pollutant emissions and real uncertainties with the aim of comparing the impacts of different environmental policies on the macroeconomic fluctuations.
TL;DR: In this paper, the main factors that affect changes in CO2 emissions of South Africa at national level within the BRICS group of countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) from 1990 to 2014 were investigated.
TL;DR: Based on a three-input trans-log cost function model, Wang et al. as discussed by the authors evaluated the rebound effect in China's iron and steel industry over 1985-2015 through decomposing the energy prices.
TL;DR: Wang et al. as discussed by the authors proposed a new method integrating the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) production model and the sequential Malmquist-Luenberger (SML) index to calculate China's macro-carbon rebound effect.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide guidance for the analysis of policy-induced rebound effects and highlight the untapped potential of life cycle assessment and macroeconomic modelling to reveal economic consequences beyond supply chain effects.
Abstract: Increasing demand for resources has been met with a new wave of resource efficiency policies worldwide. Such policies are, however, vulnerable to rebound effects when increased resource efficiency leads to additional resource use via behavioural and systemic responses. Yet, the implications of policy-induced rebounds are mostly unknown since most studies have focused on costless and exogenous efficiency improvements that are not linked to any specific policy intervention. After reviewing the literature, we provide guidance for the analysis of policy-induced rebounds. With regards to scope and method design, we highlight the untapped potential of life cycle assessment (to capture trade-offs between life cycle stages and environmental pressures) and macro-economic modelling (to reveal economic consequences beyond supply chain effects). We also find striking asymmetries in research efforts, leaving knowledge gaps for key resource efficiency strategies targeting, among others, materials, water, land, biodiversity, and waste. Lastly, rebound effects generally focus on a single resource, usually energy, and much is ignored about their implications in the context of resource interlinkages. A better understanding of such cross-resource rebounds is key to design and to assess the effectiveness of emerging policy paradigms such as the resource nexus and the sustainable development goals.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors study how institutions such as water rights can complement new irrigation technologies in promoting the sustainability of U.S. agriculture and find that water extraction moderately increases after adopting Low Energy Precise Application (LEPA) irrigation, and this rebound effect is in general higher for farmers with larger water rights.
Abstract: We study how institutions such as water rights can complement new irrigation technologies in promoting the sustainability of U.S. agriculture. Using data from the Ogallala-High Plains Aquifer region of Kansas, we find that water extraction moderately increases after adopting Low Energy Precise Application (LEPA) irrigation, and this rebound effect is in general higher for farmers with larger water rights. About half of the LEPA’s rebound effects arise because adopters tend to irrigate more land and grow more water-intensive crops, with the remaining half attributable to more intensive irrigation. Farmers with greater water rights use more water, with two-thirds of the effects arising from irrigating larger land areas, and one-third of the effects attributable to more intensive irrigation. A 10% reduction of water rights will reduce water use by 5% in the long run, and if the reduction targets the majority of the water rights, which lie between 100 and 500 AF, LEPA’s rebound effect decreases by 15.4%. Finally, we find that farmers have an incentive to apply a small amount of water in order to preserve their water rights, but the associated water waste is insignificant.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used co-integration econometric technique and error correction model to analyse the direct rebound effect in residential electricity consumption in Pakistan and found that the magnitude of direct rebound effects is 69.5 percent in the long run, while 42.9 percent in short run.
TL;DR: In this article, a conceptual model of the historical role of the rebound effect in socio-technical systems, and the relationship of sociotechnical systems with the environment in which they exist, provides a "sandbox" for testing ideas about the future.
Abstract: The paradox underlying the rebound effect is that, due to secondary effects, improvements in resource efficiency provide smaller reductions in the consumption of energy and/or material resources than are expected – or even an overall net increase in resource use. The rebound effect has played a part in economic growth and industrialisation, yet it remains a problem for the task of reducing negative environmental impacts. This paper proposes that the size of the rebound effect, and the type of impacts it causes, may be affected by future changes in the system within which it arises. Four types of rebound effect are considered: economy-wide effects, transformational effects, frontier effects, and international rebound effects. A conceptual model of the historical role of the rebound effect in socio-technical systems, and the relationship of socio-technical systems with the environment in which they exist, provides a “sandbox” for testing ideas about the future. The theory underlying the conceptual model draws upon the concepts of natural capital, the Global Ecological Footprint, and the Great Acceleration. How the size of four types of the rebound effect might change in future, as supplies of resources from natural capital become more constrained, is discussed within three storylines. In the first storyline, natural capital declines but remains fairly stable; rebound is much decreased as resources are less available and efficiency is used up more in stabilising supplies of goods and services. In the second storyline, growth continues without constraint amid regional rivalry; eventually there is a strong downturn in availability of resources and negative impacts on society and on natural capital. In the third storyline, impact caps are implemented for different types of resources; for some time, industry and society adapt by investing in low resource use innovation and global cooperation on management of natural capital; once natural capital recovers and stabilises, growth and consumption may increase along with rebound but staying within a Global Ecological Footprint of 1 Earth. The theory and model in this paper are intended to contribute to new thinking on the subject of the rebound effect.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the rebound effect in China's road transport system over the sample period 2003-2013, using a city-level dataset and a stochastic frontier rebound effect model.
TL;DR: In this article, a dynamic two-good (clean and dirty goods), two-sector model was developed to explore the implications of the macroeconomic environmental rebound/backfire effect for environmentally-friendly product promotions on both the demand side and the supply side.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigate the magnitude of the rebound effect for electricity end uses by Tunisian households, and they find that the direct rebound effect is about 81.7%, suggesting that only 18.3% of energy saving potential has been achieved.
TL;DR: In this article, a zero-cost breakthrough of energy efficiency and price jump of energy purchase is considered, and both the direct and indirect rebound effects of efficiency improvement on energy consumption and environment are captured.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of the Central Rise Policy on CO2 emissions at the stage of operation in road sector in the six provinces in central China was evaluated using the spatial difference-in-differences (SDID) model.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the impact of e-commerce on energy consumption in all four sectors of the U.S. economy (commercial, industrial, residential, and transportation), using macroeconomic data from 1992 to 2015.
Abstract: This research investigates the impact of e-commerce on energy consumption in all four sectors of the U.S. economy (commercial, industrial, residential, and transportation), using macroeconomic data from 1992 to 2015. These data capture all the development phases of e-commerce, as well as direct and rebound effects in and across sectors. Empirical dynamic models (EDMs), a novel methodology in industrial ecology, are applied to the e-commerce/energy relationship to accommodate for complex system behavior and state-dependent effects. The results of these data-driven methods suggest that e-commerce increases energy consumption mainly through increases in the residential and commercial sectors. These findings contrast with extant research that focuses on transportation effects, which appear less prominent in this investigation. E-commerce effects also demonstrate state dependence, varying over the magnitude of e-commerce as a percentage of the total retail sector, particularly in commercial and transportation realms. Assuming these effects will continue in the future, the findings imply that policy makers should focus on mitigating the environmentally deteriorating effects of e-commerce in the residential sector. However, this investigation cannot provide root causes for the uncovered e-commerce effects. Robustness of the empirical findings, limitations of the novel EDM methodology, and respective avenues for future methodological and substantial research are discussed.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated 25 different model specifications, conduct a comprehensive set of diagnostic tests to evaluate the robustness of these specifications and estimate the rebound effect using three different elasticities.
Abstract: This paper analyses aggregate time-series data to estimate the direct rebound effect in UK road freight over the period 1970–2014. We investigate 25 different model specifications, conduct a comprehensive set of diagnostic tests to evaluate the robustness of these specifications and estimate the rebound effect using three different elasticities. Using the mean of the statistically significant estimates from these specifications, we estimate a direct rebound effect of 61% - which is larger than previous estimates in the literature and almost twice as large as the consensus estimate of direct rebound effects in road passenger transport. Using the mean of the estimates from our most robust models, we estimate a slightly lower direct rebound effect of 49%. Our estimates are fairly consistent between different model specifications and different metrics, although individual estimates range from 21% to 137%. We also find that an increasing proportion of UK road freight is being undertaken by foreign registered vehicles, and that increases in the vehicle weight limits have encouraged more freight activity. We highlight the significant limitations imposed by the use of aggregate time series data and recommend that further studies in this area employ data from vehicle use surveys.