Showing papers on "Riemann zeta function published in 2008"

Low energy expansion of the four-particle genus-one amplitude in type II superstring theory

Abstract: A diagrammatic expansion of coefficients in the low-momentum expansion of the genus-one four-particle amplitude in type II superstring theory is developed. This is applied to determine coefficients up to order s6 R4 (where s is a Mandelstam invariant and R the linearized super-curvature), and partial results are obtained beyond that order. This involves integrating powers of the scalar propagator on a toroidal world-sheet, as well as integrating over the modulus of the torus. At any given order in s the coefficients of these terms are given by rational numbers multiplying multiple zeta values (or Euler-Zagier sums) that, up to the order studied here, reduce to products of Riemann zeta values. We are careful to disentangle the analytic pieces from logarithmic threshold terms, which involves a discussion of the conditions imposed by unitarity. We further consider the compactification of the amplitude on a circle of radius r, which results in a plethora of terms that are power-behaved in r. These coefficients provide boundary `data' that must be matched by any non-perturbative expression for the low-energy expansion of the four-graviton amplitude. The paper includes an appendix by Don Zagier.

Double integrals and infinite products for some classical constants via analytic continuations of lerch's transcendent

Abstract: The two-fold aim of the paper is to unify and generalize on the one hand the double integrals of Beukers for ζ(2) and ζ(3), and of the second author for Euler’s constant γ and its alternating analog ln (4/π), and on the other hand the infinite products of the first author for e, of the second author for π, and of Ser for e γ We obtain new double integral and infinite product representations of many classical constants, as well as a generalization to Lerch’s transcendent of Hadjicostas’s double integral formula for the Riemann zeta function, and logarithmic series for the digamma and Euler beta functions The main tools are analytic continuations of Lerch’s function, including Hasse’s series We also use Ramanujan’s polylogarithm formula for the sum of a particular series involving harmonic numbers, and his relations between certain dilogarithm values

Extreme values of zeta and L-functions

Abstract: We introduce a resonance method to produce large values of the Riemann zeta-function on the critical line, and large and small central values of L-functions.

Point processes in arbitrary dimension from fermionic gases, random matrix theory, and number theory

Abstract: It is well known that one can map certain properties of random matrices, fermionic gases, and zeros of the Riemann zeta function to a unique point process on the real line R. Here we analytically provide exact generalizations of such a point process in d-dimensional Euclidean space R d for any d, which are special cases of determinantal processes. In particular, we obtain the n-particle correlation functions for any n, which completely specify the point processes in R d . We also demonstrate that spin-polarized fermionic systems in R d have these same n-particle correlation functions in each dimension. The point processes for any d are shown to be hyperuniform, i.e., infinite wavelength density fluctuations vanish, and the structure factor (or power spectrum) S(k) has a non-analytic behavior at the origin given by S(k) ∼| k| (k → 0). The latter result implies that the pair correlation function g2(r) tends to unity for large pair distances with a decay rate that is controlled by the power law 1/r d+1 ,

Spectral theory of the Riemann zeta-function

Abstract: 1. Non-Euclidean harmonics 2. Trace formulas 3. Automorphic L-functions 4. An explicit formula 5. Asymptotics References Index.

Euler Numbers and Polynomials Associated with Zeta Functions

Abstract: For , the Euler zeta function and the Hurwitz-type Euler zeta function are defined by , and . Thus, we note that the Euler zeta functions are entire functions in whole complex -plane, and these zeta functions have the values of the Euler numbers or the Euler polynomials at negative integers. That is, , and . We give some interesting identities between the Euler numbers and the zeta functions. Finally, we will give the new values of the Euler zeta function at positive even integers.

Representation growth of linear groups

Abstract: Let $\Gamma$ be a group and $r_n(\Gamma)$ the number of its $n$-dimensional irreducible complex representations. We define and study the associated representation zeta function $\calz_\Gamma(s) = \suml^\infty_{n=1} r_n(\Gamma)n^{-s}$. When $\Gamma$ is an arithmetic group satisfying the congruence subgroup property then $\calz_\Gamma(s)$ has an ``Euler factorization". The ``factor at infinity" is sometimes called the ``Witten zeta function" counting the rational representations of an algebraic group. For these we determine precisely the abscissa of convergence. The local factor at a finite place counts the finite representations of suitable open subgroups $U$ of the associated simple group $G$ over the associated local field $K$. Here we show a surprising dichotomy: if $G(K)$ is compact (i.e. $G$ anisotropic over $K$) the abscissa of convergence goes to 0 when $\dim G$ goes to infinity, but for isotropic groups it is bounded away from $0$. As a consequence, there is an unconditional positive lower bound for the abscissa for arbitrary finitely generated linear groups. We end with some observations and conjectures regarding the global abscissa.

Multivariate Interpolation Functions of Higher-Order -Euler Numbers and Their Applications

Abstract: The aim of this paper, firstly, is to construct generating functions of 𝑞-Euler numbers and polynomials of higher order by applying the fermionic 𝑝-adic 𝑞-Volkenborn integral, secondly, to define multivariate 𝑞-Euler zeta function (Barnes-type Hurwitz 𝑞-Euler zeta function) and 𝑙-function which interpolate these numbers and polynomials at negative integers, respectively. We give relation between Barnes-type Hurwitz 𝑞-Euler zeta function and multivariate 𝑞-Euler 𝑙-function. Moreover, complete sums of products of these numbers and polynomials are found. We give some applications related to these numbers and functions as well.

In Search of the Riemann Zeros

Abstract: Introduction String theory on a circle and T-duality: Analogy with the Riemann zeta function Fractal strings and fractal membranes Noncommutative models of fractal strings: Fractal membranes and beyond Towards an 'arithmetic site': Moduli spaces of fractal strings and membranes Vertex algebras The Weil conjectures and the Riemann hypothesis The Poisson summation formula, with applications Generalized primes and Beurling zeta functions The Selberg class of zeta functions The noncommutative space of Penrose tilings and quasicrystals Bibliography Conventions Index of symbols Subject index Author index.

Point processes in arbitrary dimension from fermionic gases, random matrix theory, and number theory

Abstract: It is well known that one can map certain properties of random matrices, fermionic gases, and zeros of the Riemann zeta function to a unique point process on the real line. Here we analytically provide exact generalizations of such a point process in d-dimensional Euclidean space for any d, which are special cases of determinantal processes. In particular, we obtain the n-particle correlation functions for any n, which completely specify the point processes. We also demonstrate that spin-polarized fermionic systems have these same n-particle correlation functions in each dimension. The point processes for any d are shown to be hyperuniform. The latter result implies that the pair correlation function tends to unity for large pair distances with a decay rate that is controlled by the power law r^[-(d+1)]. We graphically display one- and two-dimensional realizations of the point processes in order to vividly reveal their "repulsive" nature. Indeed, we show that the point processes can be characterized by an effective "hard-core" diameter that grows like the square root of d. The nearest-neighbor distribution functions for these point processes are also evaluated and rigorously bounded. Among other results, this analysis reveals that the probability of finding a large spherical cavity of radius r in dimension d behaves like a Poisson point process but in dimension d+1 for large r and finite d. We also show that as d increases, the point process behaves effectively like a sphere packing with a coverage fraction of space that is no denser than 1/2^d.

Landau levels and Riemann zeros.

Abstract: The number N(E) of complex zeros of the Riemann zeta function with positive imaginary part less than E is the sum of a "smooth" function N[over ](E) and a "fluctuation." Berry and Keating have shown that the asymptotic expansion of N[over ](E) counts states of positive energy less than E in a "regularized" semiclassical model with classical Hamiltonian H=xp. For a different regularization, Connes has shown that it counts states "missing" from a continuum. Here we show how the "absorption spectrum" model of Connes emerges as the lowest Landau level limit of a specific quantum-mechanical model for a charged particle on a planar surface in an electric potential and uniform magnetic field. We suggest a role for the higher Landau levels in the fluctuation part of N(E).

Representation Growth of Linear Groups

Abstract: Let $\Gamma$ be a group and $r_n(\Gamma)$ the number of its $n$-dimensional irreducible complex representations. We define and study the associated representation zeta function $\calz_\Gamma(s) = \suml^\infty_{n=1} r_n(\Gamma)n^{-s}$. When $\Gamma$ is an arithmetic group satisfying the congruence subgroup property then $\calz_\Gamma(s)$ has an ``Euler factorization". The "factor at infinity" is sometimes called the "Witten zeta function" counting the rational representations of an algebraic group. For these we determine precisely the abscissa of convergence. The local factor at a finite place counts the finite representations of suitable open subgroups $U$ of the associated simple group $G$ over the associated local field $K$. Here we show a surprising dichotomy: if $G(K)$ is compact (i.e. $G$ anisotropic over $K$) the abscissa of convergence goes to 0 when $\dim G$ goes to infinity, but for isotropic groups it is bounded away from 0. As a consequence, there is an unconditional positive lower bound for the abscissa for arbitrary finitely generated linear groups. We end with some observations and conjectures regarding the global abscissa.

Sign changes in sums of the Liouville function

Abstract: The Liouville function A(n) is the completely multiplicative function whose value is -1 at each prime. We develop some algorithms for computing the sum T(n) = Σ n k=1 λ(k)/k, and use these methods to determine the smallest positive integer n where T(n) < 0. This answers a question originating in some work of Turan, who linked the behavior of T(n) to questions about the Riemann zeta function. We also study the problem of evaluating Polya's sum L(n) = Σ n k=1 λ(k), and we determine some new local extrema for this function, including some new positive values.

Exotic Expansions and Pathological Properties of ζ-Functions on Conic Manifolds

Abstract: We give a complete classification and present new exotic phenomena of the meromorphic structure of ζ-functions associated to general self-adjoint extensions of Laplace-type operators over conic manifolds. We show that the meromorphic extensions of these ζ-functions have, in general, countably many logarithmic branch cuts on the nonpositive real axis and unusual locations of poles with arbitrarily large multiplicity. The corresponding heat kernel and resolvent trace expansions also exhibit exotic behaviors with logarithmic terms of arbitrary positive and negative multiplicity. We also give a precise algebraic-combinatorial formula to compute the coefficients of the leading order terms of the singularities.

Cyclizing Clusters via Zeta Function of a Graph

Abstract: Detecting underlying clusters from large-scale data plays a central role in machine learning research. In this paper, we tackle the problem of clustering complex data of multiple distributions and multiple scales. To this end, we develop an algorithm named Zeta l-links (Zell) which consists of two parts: Zeta merging with a similarity graph and an initial set of small clusters derived from local l-links of samples. More specifically, we propose to structurize a cluster using cycles in the associated subgraph. A new mathematical tool, Zeta function of a graph, is introduced for the integration of all cycles, leading to a structural descriptor of a cluster in determinantal form. The popularity character of a cluster is conceptualized as the global fusion of variations of such a structural descriptor by means of the leave-one-out strategy in the cluster. Zeta merging proceeds, in the hierarchical agglomerative fashion, according to the maximum incremental popularity among all pairwise clusters. Experiments on toy data clustering, imagery pattern clustering, and image segmentation show the competitive performance of Zell. The 98.1% accuracy, in the sense of the normalized mutual information (NMI), is obtained on the FRGC face data of 16028 samples and 466 facial clusters.

A further refinement of Wilker's inequality

Abstract: By introducing the Taylor polynomials, a significantly refined version of Wilker's inequality is established The result is then used to obtain several substantially more refined inequalities of the Wilker type

Traces of high powers of the Frobenius class in the hyperelliptic ensemble

Abstract: The zeta function of a curve over a finite field may be expressed in terms of the characteristic polynomial of a unitary symplectic matrix, called the Frobenius class of the curve. We compute the expected value of the trace of the n-th power of the Frobenius class for an ensemble of hyperelliptic curves of genus g over a fixed finite field in the limit of large genus, and compare the results to the corresponding averages over the unitary symplectic group USp(2g). We are able to compute the averages for powers n almost up to 4g, finding agreement with the Random Matrix results except for small n and for n=2g. As an application we compute the one-level density of zeros of the zeta function of the curves, including lower-order terms, for test functions whose Fourier transform is supported in (-2,2). The results confirm in part a conjecture of Katz and Sarnak, that to leading order the low-lying zeros for this ensemble have symplectic statistics.

Correlations of eigenvalues and Riemann zeros

Abstract: Interest in comparing the statistics of the zeros of the Riemann zeta function with random matrix theory dates back to the 1970s and the work of Montgomery and Dyson. Twelve years ago Rudnick and Sarnak and, independently, Bogomolny and Keating showed that the n-point correlation function of the Riemann zeros, correctly scaled and in the limit of infinite height on the critical line, agrees with the scaling limit of the n-correlation of eigenvalues of random unitary matrices. The former piece of work holds only for a restricted class of test functions, and the latter relies on a heuristic method and the conjectures of Hardy and Littlewood. Neither tells us more than the asymptotic limit for the general n-correlation. In this article we use the ratios conjecture for average values of the Riemann zeta function to produce the lower order terms in a very precise formula for the n-correlation of the Riemann zeros. The same method can be applied rigorously in the random matrix case, yielding a formula which shows identical structure (though with none of the arithmetic details) to the correlations of the Riemann zeros something which cannot be seen from the classical determinantal formula for the random matrix correlation functions.

Some series and integrals involving the Riemann zeta function, binomial coefficients and the harmonic numbers. Volume I

Abstract: In this series of seven papers, predominantly by means of elementary analysis, we establish a number of identities related to the Riemann zeta function. Whilst this paper is mainly expository, some of the formulae reported in it are believed to be new, and the paper may also be of interest specifically due to the fact that most of the various identities have been derived by elementary methods.

Zeta Nonlocal Scalar Fields

Abstract: We consider some nonlocal and nonpolynomial scalar field models originated from p-adic string theory. Infinite number of spacetime derivatives is determined by the operator valued Riemann zeta function through d'Alembertian $\Box$ in its argument. Construction of the corresponding Lagrangians L starts with the exact Lagrangian $\mathcal{L}_p$ for effective field of p-adic tachyon string, which is generalized replacing p by arbitrary natural number n and then taken a sum of $\mathcal{L}_n$ over all n. The corresponding new objects we call zeta scalar strings. Some basic classical field properties of these fields are obtained and presented in this paper. In particular, some solutions of the equations of motion and their tachyon spectra are studied. Field theory with Riemann zeta function dynamics is interesting in its own right as well.

Counting points on varieties over finite fields of small characteristic

Abstract: We present a deterministic polynomial time algorithm for computing the zeta function of an arbitrary variety of fixed dimension over a finite field of small characteristic. One consequence of this result is an efficient method for computing the order of the group of rational points on the Jacobian of a smooth geometrically connected projective curve over a finite field of small characteristic. CONTENTS

Finite temperature Casimir energy in closed rectangular cavities: a rigorous derivation based on zeta function technique

Abstract: We derive rigorously explicit formulas of the Casimir free energy at finite temperature for massless scalar field and electromagnetic field confined in a closed rectangular cavity with different boundary conditions by zeta regularization method. We study both the low and high temperature expansions of the free energy. In each case, we write the free energy as a sum of a polynomial in temperature plus exponentially decay terms. We show that the free energy is always a decreasing function of temperature. In the cases of massless scalar field with Dirichlet boundary condition and electromagnetic field, the zero temperature Casimir free energy might be positive. In each of these cases, there is a unique transition temperature (as a function of the side lengths of the cavity) where the Casimir energy change from positive to negative. When the space dimension is equal to two and three, we show graphically the dependence of this transition temperature on the side lengths of the cavity. Finally we also show that we can obtain the results for a non-closed rectangular cavity by letting the size of some directions of a closed cavity going to infinity, and we find that these results agree with the usual integration prescription adopted by other authors.

An efficient algorithm for accelerating the convergence of oscillatory series, useful for computing the polylogarithm and Hurwitz zeta functions

Abstract: This paper sketches a technique for improving the rate of convergence of a general oscillatory sequence, and then applies this series acceleration algorithm to the polylogarithm and the Hurwitz zeta function. As such, it may be taken as an extension of the techniques given by Borwein’s “An efficient algorithm for computing the Riemann zeta function” by Borwein for computing the Riemann zeta function, to more general series. The algorithm provides a rapid means of evaluating Lis(z) for general values of complex s and a kidney-shaped region of complex z values given by ∣z2/(z–1)∣<4. By using the duplication formula and the inversion formula, the range of convergence for the polylogarithm may be extended to the entire complex z-plane, and so the algorithms described here allow for the evaluation of the polylogarithm for all complex s and z values. Alternatively, the Hurwitz zeta can be very rapidly evaluated by means of an Euler–Maclaurin series. The polylogarithm and the Hurwitz zeta are related, in that two evaluations of the one can be used to obtain a value of the other; thus, either algorithm can be used to evaluate either function. The Euler–Maclaurin series is a clear performance winner for the Hurwitz zeta, while the Borwein algorithm is superior for evaluating the polylogarithm in the kidney-shaped region. Both algorithms are superior to the simple Taylor’s series or direct summation. The primary, concrete result of this paper is an algorithm allows the exploration of the Hurwitz zeta in the critical strip, where fast algorithms are otherwise unavailable. A discussion of the monodromy group of the polylogarithm is included.

On Genocchi Numbers and Polynomials

Abstract: The main purpose of this paper is to study the distribution of Genocchi polynomials. Finally, we construct the Genocchi zeta function which interpolates Genocchi polynomials at negative integers.

Spectral action on noncommutative torus

Abstract: The spectral action on the noncommutative torus is obtained using a Chamseddine- Connes formula via computations of zeta functions. The importance of a Diophantine condition is outlined. Several results on holomorphic continuation of series of holomorphic functions are obtained in this context.