Showing papers on "Sodium sulfate published in 1990"
TL;DR: In this paper, the electrochemical behavior of magnesium in aerated 0.5 M Na 2 SO 4 solution was investigated by plotting steadystate current and measuring electrochemical impedance, and the results were in agreement with those obtained by direct assay of dissolved magnesium by atomic absorption spectroscopy.
223 citations
135 citations
121 citations
TL;DR: A kinetic model was developed to predict concentrations of atomic and molecular sodium species existing in both flame and post-flame zones of pulverized coal combustors with and without chlorine as discussed by the authors.
84 citations
TL;DR: Vancomycin is found to partition preferentially into the PEG‐rich top phase, and its partition coefficient increases nearly exponentially with the addition of water structure‐making salts, such as sodium sulfate and sodium chloride, but is independent of sodium phosphate concentration.
Abstract: The partitioning of vancomycin in polyethylene glycol (PEG)-dextran and PEG-phosphate aqueous two-phase systems was studied at different pHs, at varying concentrations of neutral salts, and with an affinity ligand attached to methoxy polyethylene glycol (MPEG). Vancomycin is found to partition preferentially into the PEG-rich top phase, and its partition coefficient increases nearly exponentially with the addition of water structure-making salts, such as sodium sulfate and sodium chloride, but is independent of sodium phosphate concentration. In the PEG-dextran system the vancomycin partition coefficient increases 3-fold in acidic and neutral solutions, while in the PEG-phosphate system it increases about 30-fold on the addition of the same amount of sodium chloride (1. 5 mol/kg). In basic solution, above its isoelectric point, the vancomycin partition coefficient increases slightly with NaCI concentration in the PEG-dextran system. We also examined the use of the dipeptide D-ala-D-ala as an affinity ligand on MPEG to extract vancomycin into the PEG-rich phase. The vancomycin partition coefficient increased almost 7-fold upon adding the MPEG-ligand in an amount equal to approximately 3% of the total PEG in the system. Finally, fractionation of the polydisperse phase-forming polymers in the two-phase PEG-dextran system was observed. The effect of this polymer fractionation on the partition coefficient of vancomycin is discussed.
51 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the dissolution kinetics of pure Cr2O3 and pure Fe 2O3 powders in molten Na2SO4 were compared with those of the dissolution of a mixture of these oxides.
Abstract: The dissolution kinetics of pure Cr2O3 and pure Fe2O3 powders in molten Na2SO4 are compared with those of the dissolution of a mixture of these oxides.
50 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the force between mica surfaces immersed in aqueous micellar solutions of the nonionic surfactant penta(oxyethylene) n-dodecyl ether with sodium sulfate as a background electrolyte was measured.
Abstract: Measurements have been carried out of the force between mica surfaces immersed in aqueous micellar solutions of the nonionic surfactant penta(oxyethylene) n-dodecyl ether with sodium sulfate as a background electrolyte. At surfactant concentrations below about 5 {times} 10{sup {minus}3} M ({approx} 100 {times} cmc), adsorption to the mica surface is weak and can only be indirectly inferred from a reduction in the surface potential in dilute electrolyte solution. Further evidence for adsorption is provided by a decrease in the measured adhesion between the surfaces and an enhanced viscous drag at small (< 5.0 nm) separations. In more concentrated salt solution, there is a decrease in the magnitude of the hydration force due to surfactant adsorption. Unlike the case with cationic surfactants, the adsorbed surfactants do not give rise to any steric force; they are easily pushed out as the surfaces are brought together.
36 citations
TL;DR: An efficient high yield synthesis of fatty monoglyceride sulfates from fatty acids or fatty acid methyl esters, glycerine and chlorosulfuric acid in chloroform using stoichiometric amounts of reagents was developed as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: An efficient high yield synthesis of fatty monoglyceride sulfates from fatty acids or fatty acid methyl esters, glycerine and chlorosulfuric acid in chloroform using stoichiometric amounts of reagents was developed. Sodium coco monoglyceride sulfate was prepared in 79% yield with 93% purity from coco fatty acids. Similarly, sodium palm kernel monoglyceride sulfate in 57% yield and sodium palm monoglyceride sulfate in 71% yield were obtained from palm kernel fatty acid methyl esters and palm fatty acids, respectively. This new synthetic method produced better quality products with higher active ingredients and improved yields without having to use such cost prohibitive, high purity, fatty acid monoglycerides, and it reduced the undesirable aqueous sodium sulfate by-product by 60% over a current commercial process. The product’s composition and purity were confirmed by cationic titration, infrared and C-13 NMR spectroscopy.
32 citations
TL;DR: The nearly complete separation of human hemoglobin and human serum albumin in a single stage is presented as a demonstration of the effectiveness of metal affinity extraction in PEG/salt systems.
Abstract: We have developed a protein extraction technique which uses metal affinity ligands in PEG/salt aqueous two-phase systems. Cu(II)IDA-PEG will partition proteins according to their surface histidine contents in two-phase systems formed from sodium sulfate and polyethylene glycol. The nearly complete separation of human hemoglobin and human serum albumin in a single stage is presented as a demonstration of the effectiveness of metal affinity extraction in PEG/salt systems.
24 citations
TL;DR: Le courant continu, electrogenere par chimiluminescence par [Ru(bpz) 3 ] 2+ et S 2 O 8 2− [bpz-bipyrazine-2,2'] est etudie en solution aqueuse as mentioned in this paper.
21 citations
Patent•
21 Aug 1990
TL;DR: In this article, the reduction of chloric acid in an aqueous reaction medium in a reaction zone at a total acid normality of up to about 7 normal in the presence of a dead load of sodium chlorate added to and subsequently removed from the reaction medium.
Abstract: Chlorine dioxide, useful as a pulp mill chemical, is produced without producing sodium sulfate effluent for disposal, by effecting reduction of chloric acid in an aqueous reaction medium in a reaction zone at a total acid normality of up to about 7 normal in the substantial absence of sulfate ion and in the presence of a dead load of sodium chlorate added to and subsequently removed from the reaction medium. Chloric acid for the process is produced electrolytically from an aqueous solution of the deadload sodium chlorate and make-up quantities of sodium chlorate. The chloric acid reduction to produce chlorine dioxide may be effected using methanol or electrolytically.
TL;DR: L'electrooxydation and l'electroreduction du Quantacure QTX sur une electrode cylindrique de platine sont examinees in this paper.
TL;DR: In this article, the electrochemical behavior of magnesium in aerated 0.5 M Na 2 SO 4 solution was investigated by plotting steadystate current and measuring electrochemical impedance, and the results were in agreement with those obtained by direct assay of dissolved magnesium by atomic absorption spectroscopy.
Abstract: The electrochemical behavior of magnesium in aerated 0.5 M Na 2 SO 4 solution was investigated by plotting steady-state current—voltage curves and by measurement of electrochemical impedance. The low value of capacity associated with the high frequency loop, and the increase in protection with immersion time provide evidence for the existence of a protective layer over the surface. The layer was thought to consist of Mg(OH) 2 and/or MgO. The protective action of this film is dependent on anodic or cathodic polarization, the latter affording better protection. The electrochemical determination of the corrosion rate was based on the Stern and Geary relationship, into which were introduced the value of the charge transfer resistance (diameter of the high frequency loop in the impedance diagram) and the anodic and cathodic Tafel coefficients. The results obtained are in agreement with those obtained by direct assay of dissolved magnesium by atomic absorption spectroscopy.
TL;DR: In this article, a fine-particulated hcp crystalline with high crystallinity was obtained from the bath containing ammonium sulfate or sodium tartrate, and the structural analysis of this film was clarified by electron microscopy.
Abstract: Electroless-plated CoB films were plated from the bath with dimethylamineborane (DMAB) as a reducing agent. Magnetic properties of the films changed widely with changes in the concentrations of complexing agent in the bath, such as ammonium sulfate or sodium tartrate. Among them, film with the lowest coercivity was obtained from the bath containing 0.3 mol dm-3 of sodium sulfate and 0.55 mol dm-3 of sodium tartrate. The structural analysis of this film clarified by electron microscopy that the film consists of fine-particulated hcp crystalline with high crystallinity.
TL;DR: In this article, the semi-empirical specific interaction model developed by Pitzer is applied to aqueous salt solutions that also contain a dissolved nonelectrolyte.
Abstract: The semiempirical specific-interaction model developed by Pitzer is applied to aqueous salt solutions that also contain a dissolved nonelectrolyte. Pitzer's model is used to describe phase equilibria for aqueous solutions containing either sodium chloride and carbon dioxide to 600 bar or sodium sulfate and carbon dioxide to 200 bar at several temperatures. In contrast to predictions reported by previous authors, we find that, over wide ranges of pressure and temperature, Pitzer's equations provide an excellent description of salt solubilities in these ternary systems.
TL;DR: An example of the use of a solar pond in the mining industry, the production of industrial grade sodium sulfate from a mineral consisting in a mixture of sulfate decahydrate, sodium chloride and clays, is described in this article.
TL;DR: Tolerance of acetotrophic methane-producing bacteria from pulp mill wastewater sludge towards sulfur compounds (sulfate plus its metabolites) was preserved beyond an experimental exposure of 6 months (6 transfers to acetate-only medium), and methanogenic enrichment culture from pulpmill sludge developed sensitivity towards sulfur compound after being continuously cultured in an environment lacking oxidized sulfur compounds for 2 years.
Patent•
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24 Oct 1990
TL;DR: In this paper, a mold release agent is produced by mixing an aqueous solution A with an aouous solution B while diluting both solutions with water, the aouou solution A having a concentration of 20 to 30% being prepared by mixing the same amount of each of straight-chain alkyl benzene magnesium sulfonate, alkyls ether ester sodium sulfate and alpha-olefin sodium sulfonates with one another; and the aqueou solution B with the concentration of 50 to 60% having been prepared by combining each of each
Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain a mold release agent which does not cause rust on the surface of a mold even if the mold release agent is applied thereto by using a mixed agent comprising an aqueous solution containing straight-chain alkyl benzene magnesium sulfonate, alkyl ether ester sodium sulfate and alpha-olefin sodium sulfonate as main components, and an aqueous solution containing fatty acid amin salts, potassium salts and borate as main components. CONSTITUTION:A mold release agent is produced by mixing an aqueous solution A with an aqueous solution B while diluting both solutions with water, the aqueous solution A with a concentration of 20 to 30% being prepared by mixing the same amount of each of straight-chain alkyl benzene magnesium sulfonate, alkyl ether ester sodium sulfate and alpha-olefin sodium sulfonate with one another; and the aqueous solution B with a concentration of 50 to 60% being prepared by mixing the same amount of each of fatty acid amin salts, potassium salts and borate with one another. The mixing proportion of the aqueous solutions A and B is desired to be blended so as to be about 1% or more of the total amount of the mold release agent. The mold release agent thus prepared is applied to the molds by an ordinary method such as spray coating and dip coating.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of gamma-ray irradiation and sodium sulfate as an aqueous impurity on the intergranular stress corrosion cracking (IGSCC) susceptibility of sensitized type 304 (UNS S30400) stainless steel (SS) were studied through slow strain rate tests (SSRT) and corrosion potential measurements in high-temperature water that simulated the BWR normal water chemistry (NWC) and hydrogen Water chemistry (HWC) conditions.
Abstract: The effects of gamma-ray irradiation and sodium sulfate as an aqueous impurity on the intergranular stress corrosion cracking (IGSCC) susceptibility of sensitized type 304 (UNS S30400) stainless steel (SS) were studied through slow strain rate tests (SSRT) and corrosion potential measurements in high-temperature water that simulated the BWR normal water chemistry (NWC) and hydrogen water chemistry (HWC) conditions. The SSRT results demonstrated that IGSCC was accelerated by gamma-ray irradiation under the NWC condition, while it was suppressed under the HWC condition. These different effects are attributable to the radiation-induced corrosion potential shifts in the opposite directions depending on the water chemistry condition. When the sodium sulfate was injected up to 0.32 µS/cm of conductivity, IGSCC was observed even under the HWC condition, but it was suppressed by gamma-ray irradiation.
TL;DR: In the presence of catalytic amounts of sodium sulfate or sodium chloride, fluorosulfonyldifluoroacetic acid (1) was decarboxylated in CH3CNH2O to give difluoromethanesulfonyl fluoride (2) in moderate yield as mentioned in this paper.
TL;DR: In this article, a rapid straining electrode behavior was examined for the nickelchromium alloys in a high-temperature and high-pressure aqueous solution containing sulfate ions.
Abstract: A rapid straining electrode behavior was examined for the nickel—chromium alloys in a high-temperature and high-pressure aqueous solution containing sulfate ions The new surface created by rapid elongation readily repassivated in a range from the corrosion potential to a critical potential Above the critical potential, complete repassivation of the newly created surface was not achieved, and the surface exhibited localized attack The critical potential is found to shift to a noble value with increasing the chromium content Furthermore, the breakdown occurs at the more noble potential as temperature increases above 403 K, but is suppressed below 393 K Sulfate ions included in the solution are responsible for the breakdown phenomena
Patent•
19 Jul 1990
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a composition which comprises erythritol and/or xylitol and an electrolyte selected from the group consisting of sodium sulfate, potassium chloride, sodium chloride and sodium hydrogen carbonate.
Abstract: PURPOSE: To obtain the title composition exhibiting excellently cleaning effects, having ready administration, not fermenting with bacteria in the intestine, not having a bad influence on diagnosis, comprising erythritol and/or xylitol and a specific electrolyte in a specific ratio. CONSTITUTION: A composition which comprises erythritol and/or xylitol and an electrolyte selected from the group consisting of sodium sulfate, potassium chloride, sodium chloride and sodium hydrogen carbonate in a composition shown by the table, especially, based on 1l composition, 8-30g erythritol and/or xylitol, 40-135mEq Na + , 7-13mEq K + , 24-46mEq Cl - , 14-26mEq HCO and 0-85mEq SiO and becomes the above-mentioned composition in a solution state or in dissolution. The composition is suitable for treatment of constipation and pretreatment for roentgenologic examination of enema, endoscopy of intestinum crassum or operation of intestinum crassum. COPYRIGHT: (C)1991,JPO&Japio
Patent•
08 Jan 1990
TL;DR: In this paper, a water-soluble polymer is selected from polyethylene glycol and citric acid as the water solver and as the organic acid respectively, respectively.
Abstract: PURPOSE: To obtain the subject composition easy to take, low in water absorption, free from influence on the balance of electrolytes in the body and showing excellent effects by mixing a water-soluble polymer with sodium salt of an organic acid, potassium salt of an organic acid, sodium chloride, etc., respectively in a specified amount. CONSTITUTION: A composition composed of 10-150g one or more water-soluble polymer selected from polyethylene glycol, dextran, dextrin, hydroxyethylstarch, polydextrose, gum arabic, pullulan and pectin, 5-60mmol sodium salt of an organic acid, 0-12mmol potassium salt of an organic acid, 7-60mmol sodium chloride, 0-12mmol potassium chloride and 0-20mmol sodium sulfate and having 2-12mEq potassium ion content. Polyethylene glycol and citric acid are especially preferable as the water-soluble polymer and as the organic acid respectively. By dissolving the above-mentioned composition in water, an enteric canal wash is prepared. COPYRIGHT: (C)1991,JPO&Japio
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Methyldopa was stable in vivo and in vitro in the presence of ferrous sulfate and sodium sulfate, consistent with ferrous sulphate reducing methyldopa absorption by the formation of ferric iron: methYldopa complexes.
Abstract: Ferrous sulfate and sodium sulfate reduce methyldopa absorption in humans This current study was conducted to investigate some of the potential factors by which these compounds could reduce methyldopa absorption A rat model developed to examine drug absorption was used Solutions of 14C methyldopa alone and with ferrous sulfate or sodium sulfate were injected in vivo into closed duodenal segments Ferrous sulfate reduced methyldopa absorption 529% (p less than 001), while sodium sulfate had no significant effect on methyldopa absorption In vitro iron in its ferrous form rapidly oxidizes to the ferric form in the presence of methyldopa The ferric form of iron binds strongly to methyldopa, presumably resulting in the decreased methyldopa absorption Methyldopa was stable in vivo and in vitro in the presence of ferrous sulfate and sodium sulfate These studies are consistent with ferrous sulfate reducing methyldopa absorption by the formation of ferric iron: methyldopa complexes
Patent•
17 Oct 1990
TL;DR: In this paper, a solid phase production method of pure soda which uses the material contained sodium sulfate, such as mirabilite etc. and the solid ammonium bicarbonate as the raw materials.
Abstract: The present invention relates to a solid phase production method of pure soda which uses the material contained sodium sulfate, such as mirabilite etc. and the solid ammonium bicarbonate as the raw materials. The said method is that after the material contained sodium sulfate is solved and the impurity is removed, the screened ammonium bicarbonate is added in, and then through solid phase reaction, separation, washing, dewatering, calcination, so that the pure soda and the by-product ammonium sulphate are prepared. The equipment investment required for the said method is a little, its process is simple, it can reduce the contamination of the environment. Its production rate is high, economic benefit is good, and the plant-building scale can be changed in, to larger or smaller therefore it is advantagesous to the application and popularization.
Patent•
11 Oct 1990
TL;DR: Glycine and sodium sulfate decahydrate are separated from a starting aqueous solution containing glycine, salt, and impurities by forming a slurry which is a solid mixture of glycine and salt, followed by separation of the mixed crystals as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Glycine and sodium sulfate decahydrate are separated from a starting aqueous solution containing glycine, sodium sulfate, and impurities, by forming a slurry which is a solid mixture of glycine and sodium sulfate decahydrate, followed by separation of the mixed crystals.
Patent•
28 Feb 1990
TL;DR: Water removal on gas bubbles and the water sheath thickness of the bubbles increase with increasing sodium sulfate concentration in foam fractionation of divalent metal cations using lauryl sulfate.
Patent•
03 Aug 1990
TL;DR: In this paper, a compound selected from N-alkyl-substituted (meth)acrylamide (e.g., N-acryloyl pyrrolidine) expressed by a mixture of said compound and monomer copolymerizable with said compound is dispersed into aqueous solution of inorganic salt and polymerized to afford the aimed granular polymer.
Abstract: PURPOSE:To effectively obtain uniform granular polymer for water retentive agent, etc., without using surfactant by dispersing N-alkyl-or N-alkylene- substituted (meth)acrylamide and comonomer into fine inorganic particle- suspended aqueous solution of inorganic salt and polymerizing. CONSTITUTION:A compound selected from N-alkyl-substituted (meth)acrylamide (e.g., N-ethyl acrylamide) expressed by formula I (R1 is H or methyl; R2 is H, methyl or ethyl; R3 is methyl, ethyl or propyl) and N-alkylene-substituted (meth)acrylamide (e.g., N-acryloyl pyrrolidine) expressed by formula II [A is (CH2)n (n is 4-6), (CH2)2 or 0-(CH2)2] or a mixture of said compound and monomer copolymerizable with said compound is dispersed into aqueous solution of inorganic salt (e.g. sodium sulfate) suspended of fine inorganic substance (e.g. calcium carbonate) and polymerized to afford the aimed granular polymer.
Patent•
08 Jan 1990
TL;DR: In this paper, a compsn. for a developer, desensitizer and finishing agent for planographic printing plate by incorporating specified components in a mixture state is presented, which can be used for both of development in a machine and manual development of a planographic print plate.
Abstract: PURPOSE: To obtain a compsn. for a developer, desensitizer and finishing agent for planographic printing plate by incorporating specified components in a mixture state. CONSTITUTION: Compds. selected from among mono, di or tri sodium salts of phosphoric acid, potassium salts, benzylalcohols, polyvinyl-pyrrolidones, citric acid and benzoic acid, octyl sodium sulfate are mixed and used. Moreover, the compsn. contains one or two or more kinds of compds. selected from among sodium benzoate, sodium citrate, sodium sorbate, etc., by a specified weight ratio to the compsn. and water in an enough amt. to prepare an effective developer are used. Thereby, a developer or a development and finishing agent which can be used for both of development in a machine and manual development of a planographic printing plate can be obtd.