Showing papers on "Terpene published in 2000"
TL;DR: In this paper, the main classes of compounds, namely monoterpene hydrocarbons, oxygenated monoterpenes, sesquiterpene Hydrocarbons and benzene derivatives, have been analyzed.
1,061 citations
TL;DR: A report by Delfine et al. in this issue provides further support for the hypothesis that terpenes play a role in thermotolerance of leaves and suggests, intriguingly, that the mechanism by which this occurs is not limited to plants that make these compounds.
Abstract: A walk through the forest is a good way to become aquainted with the variety of terpenes emitted by plants. The most fragrant of these are the monoterpenes, which lend a distinctive smell to trees (e.g. α- and β-pinene from pines), mints (e.g. menthol from peppermint), fruits (e.g. limonene from citrus) and flowers (e.g. geraniol from roses). In addition to adding fragrance, phytogenic hydrocarbons play an important role in atmospheric chemistry. This was recognized as early as 1960 by Fritz Went who noted that blue hazes often formed above forested areas (Went, 1960). This idea was picked up by US President Ronald Reagan who accused trees of polluting the atmosphere, although in truth phytogenic hydrocarbons only contribute to pollution in air that is already contaminated by industry or automobile exhaust (Feshenfeld et al., 1992).
Terpenes serve a variety of functions in plants including deterring herbivores and attracting pollinators. Until recently, the function of terpene emission from some groups of plants, which do not store the terpenes in their tissues, has been a mystery. Following the discovery that isoprene, a hemiterpene, increases the thermotolerance of photosynthesis in some species (Sharkey & Singsaas, 1995; Singsaas et al., 1997), Loreto et al. (1998) discovered that thermotolerance of the monoterpene-emitting oak, Quercus ilex, increases when leaves are fumigated with monoterpenes. Now, a report by Delfine et al. in this issue (pp. 27–36) provides further support for the hypothesis that terpenes play a role in thermotolerance of leaves and suggests, intriguingly, that the mechanism by which this occurs is not limited to plants that make these compounds.
49 citations
TL;DR: From the methanol extract of the roots of (Crossopetalum gaumeri), four new highly cytotoxic cardenolides and two new terpenoids lack cytotoxicity and the antibacterial activity is moderate to low.
49 citations
32 citations
TL;DR: GUG-βCD was superior to G2- βCD, especially in the solid state, and this result may have been caused by the difference in structure of side chain, namely the hydroxymethyl group in G2 -βCD and the carboxyl group inG2-β CD.
Abstract: In order to investigate the application potential of branched CDs, the solubilizing ability and the stabilizing ability of G2-βCD and GUG-βCD were investigated by using twelve terpenes (d-limonene, myrcene, terpinolene, geraniol, l-menthol, nerol, α-terpineol, citral, d-citronellal, l-perillaldehyde, (R)-l-carvone, and menthone) as guest compounds. G2-βCD and GUG-βCD showed more solubilizing ability for these twelve terpenes than βCD, and the ability of GUG-βCD was almost the same as that of G2-βCD. The stabilizing ability of terpene-GUG-βCD complexes was different from that of G2-βCD. GUG-βCD was superior to G2-βCD, especially in the solid state. This result may have been caused by the difference in structure of side chain, namely the hydroxymethyl group in G2-βCD and the carboxyl group in GUG-βCD.
30 citations
TL;DR: The rose Bengal photosensitized oxidation of the (+) and (−) stereoisomers of α-pinene, β-pinsene and limonene has been optimized to produce sufficient quantities of hydroperoxides for antimicrobial screening.
Abstract: The rose Bengal photosensitized oxidation of the (+) and (−) stereoisomers of α-pinene, β-pinene and limonene has been optimized to produce sufficient quantities of hydroperoxides for antimicrobial screening. Experimental conditions allowed the production of highly concentrated solutions of hydroperoxides (approximately 2 M, approximately 30 w%). The antimicrobial activity of each hydroperoxide solution was evaluated by measuring their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) (1,2). All the hydroperoxides behave as powerful antimicrobial agents (similar to hydrogen peroxide). The MIC values were almost independent of the nature of the parent terpene but depended of the nature of the bacterial colony (five conventional families, met in human pathologies, were tested).
26 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The authors will describe especially about higher plants about alkaloids, lignans, terpenes and steroids, etc, which are effective for various types of cancers and tumors.
Abstract: A lot of anticancer agents have been isolated from natural sources, especially from microorganisms and plants. However, there is no special type of compounds for cancer therapy. Various types of substances are effective for various types of cancers and tumors: for instance, alkaloids, lignans, terpenes and steroids, etc. In this report, the authors will describe especially about higher plants.
18 citations
TL;DR: Two cytotoxic terpenes, alpha-santonin and sclareol, were biotransformed by a plant pathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea to produce oxidized metabolites in high yields.
Abstract: Two cytotoxic terpenes, alpha-santonin (1) and sclareol (3) were biotransformed by a plant pathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea to produce oxidized metabolites in high yields. Alpha-Santonin (1) on fermentation with the fungus for ten days afforded a hydroxylated metabolite identified as 11beta-hydroxy-alpha-santonin (2) in a high yield (83%), while sclareol (3) was metabolized to epoxysclareol (4) (64%) and a new compound 8-deoxy-14,15-dihydro-15-chloro-14-hydroxy-8,9-dehydrosclareol (5) (7%), representing a rare example of microbial halogenation.
18 citations
TL;DR: Suspension cultures from Peganum harmala were shown to carry out biotransformations of a number of terpenes and non-terpenes, dependent upon substrate concentration, density of cell suspensions, and the structure and isomeric form of the substrates.
17 citations
TL;DR: Literature data on the alkylation of phenolic compounds by mono-, sesqui-, and diterpenes in the presence of various catalysts are reviewed in this paper.
Abstract: Literature data on the alkylation of phenolic compounds by mono-, sesqui-, and diterpenes in the presence of various catalysts are reviewed.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: A collection of Eupatorium semialatum from Guatemala was investigated for the occurrence of sesquiterpene lactones, and lactones of the eudesmanolide type were found and identified by NMR as derivatives of 8β-hydroxyreynosin and 8 β-Hydroxybalchanin, esterified with 2-substituted acrylic acids.
Abstract: Abstract A collection of Eupatorium semialatum from Guatemala was investigated for the occurrence of sesquiterpene lactones. In addition to the sesquiterpene cinnamoyloxyoplopanone (5), lactones of the eudesmanolide type were found and identified by NMR as derivatives of 8 β-hydroxyreynosin and 8 β-hydroxybalchanin, esterified with 2-substituted acrylic acids. The acid moieties were determined to be the enantiomeric (R)- and (S)-(2-hydroxy-1-methoxyethyl) acrylic acid, in 1, 2 and 4 respectively, and (1-hydroxy-ethyl) acrylic acid in 3.
Patent•
09 Aug 2000
TL;DR: In this paper, a process for extracting natural flavonoid and/or terpene lactones from plant by adsorbent includes such steps as extracting the plant containing flavonoids and or terpenes matter in alcohol to obtain aqueous solution, loading it in resin column containing urea-form aldehyde type adsorptive resin,washing, desorptin, concentrating, drying and pulverizing.
Abstract: A process for extracting natural flavonoid and/or terpene lactones from plant by adsorbent includes such steps as extracting the plant containing flavonoid and/or terpene lactones matter in alcohol to obtain aqueous solution, loading it in resin column containing urea-form aldehyde type adsorptive resin,washing, desorptin, concentrating, drying and pulverizing. The powdered extract contains flavone glycoside (24-42%) and terpene lactone (6-15%), or contains flavone glycoside (more than 62%). Its advantages are one-step desorption, simple process, low cost and high quality of product.
TL;DR: In this paper, two triterpenoids, salvadione-A (1) having novel carbon skeleta, were isolated from the hexane soluble fraction of Salvia bucharica.
Abstract: Two triterpenoids, salvadione-A (1) and salvadione-B (2), having novel carbon skeleta, were isolated from the hexane soluble fraction of Salvia bucharica. Their structures were determined through s...
TL;DR: The Wieland-Miescher ketone and its methyl analog have been utilized for the synthesis of several sesquiterpenes like warburganal, muzigadial, albicanol, etc as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The Wieland-Miescher ketone (1) and its methyl analog (2) have been utilized for the synthesis of several sesquiterpenes like warburganal, muzigadial, albicanol, etc. Similarly several bioactive diterpenes like taxodione, pisiferic acid, aphidicolin, etc., have been synthesized from these ketones. The utility of several reagents in the total synthesis of terpenoid compounds has been documented. The developments of several routes for a single terpene from these ketones have been discussed.
TL;DR: Ethanedithiol and di(mercaptoethyl)sulfide react regio-and stereoselectively with (+)-3-carene and α-hydroxy(-)-β-pinene β-oxides in the presence of sodium ethoxide to give the corresponding bis- and tris-sulfides with two terpene fragments as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Ethanedithiol and di(mercaptoethyl)sulfide react regio- and stereoselectively with (+)-3-carene and α-hydroxy(-)-β-pinene β-oxides in the presence of sodium ethoxide to give the corresponding bis- and tris-sulfides with two terpene fragments
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this article, the volatile flavor components of two strawberry varieties, Bogyojosaeng and Suhong, were extracted by SDE (Simultaneous steam distillation and extraction) using a mixture of n-pentane and diethylether (1:1, v/v) as an extract solvent.
Abstract: Volatile flavor components of two strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch) varieties, Bogyojosaeng and Suhong, were extracted by SDE (Simultaneous steam distillation and extraction) using a mixture of n-pentane and diethylether (1:1, v/v) as an extract solvent Analysis of the concentrate by capillary gas chromatography and gas chromatographymass spectrometry led to the identification of 146 and 153 components in Bogyojosaeng and Suhong respectively There were 49 esters, 25 alcohols, 20 ketones, 24 aldehydes, 6 acids, 9 terpenes and terpene derivatives, 2 ethers, 11 unknowns and miscellaneous in Bogyojosaeng and 67 esters, 21 alcohols, 24 ketones, 17 aldehydes, 4 acids, 12 terpenes and terpene derivatives, 2 ethers, 9 unknowns and miscellaneous in Suhong Among these, (E)-2-hexenyl acetae (456%) in Bogyojosaeng and (E)-nerolidol (1238%) in Suhong were major compounds and acetic acid, (E)-2-hexenal, hexyl acetate, ethyl acetate, ethyl butanoate, methyl butanoate, ethyl hexanoate and γ-dodecalactone were the main components in each sample, though there were several differences in composition and threshold of volatile compounds Total contents of volatile components isolated and identified in Bogyojosaeng and Suhong were 9010 and 12527 mg/kg, respectively
TL;DR: Experimental studies, using animal cancer models, have demonstrated that some monoterpenes possess anticarcinogenic properties, acting at different cellular and molecular levels, and it seems clear that monoterspenes could be considered as effective, nontoxic dietary antitumorigenic agents that hold promise as a novel class of anticancer drugs.
Abstract: Monoterpenes are compounds found in the essential oils extracted from many plants, including fruits, vegetables, spices and herbs These compounds contribute to the flavor and aroma of plant from which they are extracted Monoterpenes are acyclic, monocyclic, or bicyclic C30 compounds synthesized by monoterpene synthases using geranyl pyrophosphate (GPP) as substrate GPP is also the precursor in the synthesis of farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) and geranyl-geranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP), two important compounds in cell metabolism of animals, plants and yeast Monoterpene cyclases produce cyclic monoterpenes through a multistep mechanism involving a universal intermediate, a terpinyl cation which can be transformed to several compounds Experimental studies, using animal cancer models, have demonstrated that some monoterpenes possess anticarcinogenic properties, acting at different cellular and molecular levels From these discoveries it seems clear that monoterpenes could be considered as effective, nontoxic dietary antitumorigenic agents that hold promise as a novel class of anticancer drugs
01 Jan 2000
TL;DR: The best-studied routes of isoprenoid biosynthesis are those of vertebrates, where terpenes and terpenoids are generally produced via the mevalonate metabolism, and this book will refer to it as the meValonate-dependent route (MAD route).
Abstract: The best-studied routes of isoprenoid biosynthesis are those of vertebrates, where terpenes and terpenoids are generally produced via the mevalonate metabolism. Throughout this book we will refer to it as the mevalonate-dependent route (MAD route). The biosynthesis of mevalonic acid, which is their precursor, is governed by at least four different enzymes: acetyl-CoA thiolase, HMG-CoA synthase, HMG-CoA cyclase and HMG-CoA reductase. The latter enzyme that reduces s-hydroxy-s-methylglutaryl CoA to mevalonic acid (MVA) (Box 2.1) is a key enzyme in the production of MVA and isoprenoid groups.
TL;DR: In this paper, the aerial parts of Adiantum venustum were used for the isolation of normethyl lupane, normethyl oleanane, and a lanostane-type triterpene.
Abstract: Phytochemical studies on the aerial parts of Adiantum venustum resulted in the isolation of normethyl lupane-type, a normethyl oleanane-type and a lanostane-type triterpene. Structures of these triterpenes have been established as 30-normethyl lupane-20-one, 30-normethyl olean-3-one-30β-ol and lanost-20(22)-ene-30-ol on the basis of spectral data analyses and chemical methods.
Patent•
21 Sep 2000
TL;DR: In this article, an underwater coating composition for ships comprising a mixture containing (vol.%): solution A (25-30), solution B (75-70), where solution A consists of (a) silicone oil (26-39), (b) at least one low molecular alcohol, and (c) conifer needle oil or pine needle oil, and solution B consists of rosin and (d) pine needle and/or terpene oil.
Abstract: An underwater coating composition for ships comprising a mixture containing (vol.%): solution A (25-30), solution B (75-70), where solution A consists of (a) silicone oil (26-39), (b) at least one low molecular alcohol (26-49), and (c) conifer needle oil or pine needle oil (26-49), and solution (B) consists of (d) rosin and (e) conifer needle oil or pine needle oil and/or terpene oil is new. An Independent claim is included for preparation of the composition involving (a) preparation of a solution of silicone oil and low molecular alcohol and (b) addition of conifer needle oil or pine needle oil and/or a terpene oil to this solution to give solution A, and (c) dissolution of the rosin in a conifer needle or pine needle oil and/or terpene oil to give solution B, and (d) mixing of solutions A and B.
TL;DR: In this paper, Vilsmeier reagents react with α/β-ionones and carvone to produce aldehydes 7 and 11 in a one-step procedure.
Abstract: Vilsmeier reagents react with α/β-ionones and carvone to produce aldehydes 7–11 in a one-step procedure. The indene derivative 11, which came from the double iminoalkylation of carvone and ring closure with the elimination of dimethylamine, was practically odourless, while all the others had peculiar odours which were very different from the starting material. The cytotoxicity data of 9 and 10, which are the most promising potential perfume ingredients, are also reported.
ARCO1