Showing papers on "Thermodynamic cycle published in 2013"

Multi-Fidelity Simulation of a Turbofan Engine with Results Zoomed Into Mini-Maps for a Zero-D Cycle Simulation

Abstract: A Zero-D cycle simulation of the GE90-94B high bypass turbofan engine has been achieved utilizing mini-maps generated from a high-fidelity simulation. The simulation utilizes the Numerical Propulsion System Simulation (NPSS) thermodynamic cycle modeling system coupled to a high-fidelity full-engine model represented by a set of coupled 3D computational fluid dynamic (CFD) component models. Boundary conditions from the balanced, steady state cycle model are used to define component boundary conditions in the full-engine model. Operating characteristics of the 3D component models are integrated into the cycle model via partial performance maps generated from the CFD flow solutions using one-dimensional mean line turbomachinery programs. This paper highlights the generation of the high-pressure compressor, booster, and fan partial performance maps, as well as turbine maps for the high pressure and low pressure turbine. These are actually "mini-maps" in the sense that they are developed only for a narrow operating range of the component. Results are compared between actual cycle data at a take-off condition and the comparable condition utilizing these mini-maps. The mini-maps are also presented with comparison to actual component data where possible.

Assessment of Waste Heat Recovery From a Heavy-Duty Truck Engine by Means of an ORC Turbogenerator

Abstract: This paper documents a feasibility study on a waste heat recovery system for heavy-duty truck engines based on an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) turbogenerator. The study addresses many of the challenges of a mobile automotive application: The system must be simple, efficient, relatively small, lightweight, and the working fluid must satisfy the many technical, environmental, and toxicological requirements typical of the automotive sector. The choice of a siloxane as the working fluid allows for the preliminary design of an efficient radial turbine, whose shaft can be lubricated by the working fluid itself. The system's heat exchangers, though more voluminous than desirable, are within acceptable limits. The simulated ORC system would add approximately 9.6 kW at the design point, corresponding to a truck engine power output of 150 kW at 1500 rpm. Future work will be devoted to further system and components optimization by means of simulations, to the study of dynamic operation and control, and will be followed by the design and construction of a laboratory test bench for mini-ORC systems and components.

Bubble columns for condensation at high concentrations of noncondensable gas: Heat-transfer model and experiments

Abstract: Carrier gas based thermodynamic cycles are common in water desalination applications. These cycles often require condensation of water vapor out of the carrier gas stream. As the carrier gas is most likely a noncondensable gas present in very high concentrations (60–95%), a large additional resistance to heat transfer is present. It is proposed to reduce the aforementioned thermal resistance by condensing the vapor–gas mixture in a column of cold liquid rather than on a cold surface using a bubble column heat exchanger. A theoretical predictive model for estimating the heat-transfer rates and new experimental data to validate this model are described. The model is purely physics based without the need for any adjustable parameters, and it is shown to predict heat rates within 0 to −20% of the experimental values. The experiments demonstrate that heat-transfer rates in the proposed device are up to an order magnitude higher than those achieved in existing state-of-the-art dehumidifiers. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 1780–1790, 2013

Universal efficiency bounds of weak-dissipative thermodynamic cycles at the maximum power output

Abstract: Based on the assumption of weak dissipation introduced by Esposito et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 150603 (2010)], analytic expressions for the efficiency bounds of several classes of typical thermodynamic cycles at the maximum power output are derived. The results obtained are of universal significance. They can be used to conveniently reveal the general characteristics of not only Carnot heat engines, but also isothermal chemical engines, non-Carnot heat engines, flux flow engines, gravitational engines, quantum Carnot heat engines, and two-level quantum Carnot engines at the maximum power output and to directly draw many important conclusions in the literature.

Technology review of two-stage vapor compression heat pump system

Abstract: There is increasing demand for domestic and industrial refrigeration, space heating and air conditioning. Heat pump systems offer economical alternatives for recovering heat from different sources for use in these applications. As a renewable energy technology for sustainable environment, the heat pump's high efficiency and low environmental impact have already drawn a fair amount of attention all over the world. Some of these domestic and industrial applications require very low evaporating temperatures and very high condensing temperatures which induce high compressor pressure ratios beyond the practical range for single-stage heat pump cycles. These high pressure ratios also produce low coefficient of performance (COP) values and expose the compressor to high discharge temperature, low volumetric efficiency and damage. However, this challenge can be overcome by adopting two-stage heat pump cycles. In this paper, recent works on two-stage heat pump systems for various applications are reviewed. They include two-stage cycle with intercooling, two-stage cycle with refrigerant injection and two-stage cascade cycle. Research and innovative designs of systems that make use of these two-stage cycles have been able to get heat pumps to handle applications with lower and higher temperatures, while enhancing heating capacity up to 30% and COP up to 31%.

A comprehensive study on waste heat recovery from internal combustion engines using organic rankine cycle

Abstract: There are a substantial amount of waste heat through exhaust gas and coolant of an Internal Combustion Engine. Organic Rankine cycle is one of the opportunities in Internal Combustion Engines waste heat recovery. In this study, two different configurations of Organic Rankine cycle with the capability of simultaneous waste heat recovery from exhaust gas and coolant of a 12L diesel engine were introduced: Preheat configuration and Two-stage. First, a parametric optimization process was performed for both configurations considering R-134a, R-123, and R-245fa as the cycle working fluids. The main objective in optimization process was maximization of the power generation and cycle thermal efficiency. Expander inlet pressure and preheating temperature were selected as design parameters. Finally, parameters like hybrid generated power and reduction of fuel consumption were studied for both configurations in different engine speeds and full engine load. It was observed that using R-123 as the working fluid, the best performance in both configurations was obtained and as a result the 11.73% and 13.56% reduction in fuel consumption for both preheat and Two-stage configurations were found respectively.

Analysis of Advanced Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Power Cycles With a Bottoming Cycle for Concentrating Solar Power Applications

Abstract: A number of studies have been performed to assess the potential of using supercritical carbon dioxide (S-CO2) in closed-loop Brayton cycles for power generation. Different configurations have been examined among which recompression and partial cooling configurations have been found very promising, especially for concentrating solar power (CSP) applications. It has been demonstrated that the S-CO2 Brayton cycle using these configurations is capable of achieving more than 50% efficiency at operating conditions that could be achieved in central receiver tower type CSP systems. Although this efficiency is high, it might be further improved by considering an appropriate bottoming cycle utilizing waste heat from the top S-CO2 Brayton cycle. The organic Rankine cycle (ORC) is one alternative proposed for this purpose, however, its performance is substantially affected by the selection of the working fluid. In this paper, a simple S-CO2 Brayton cycle, a recompression S-CO2 Brayton cycle, and a partial cooling S-CO2 Brayton cycle are first simulated and compared with the available data in the literature. Then, an ORC is added to each configuration for utilizing the waste heat. Different working fluids are examined for the bottoming cycles and the operating conditions are optimized. The combined cycle efficiencies and turbine expansion ratios are compared to find the appropriate working fluids for each configuration. It is also shown that combined recompression-ORC cycle achieves higher efficiency compared with other configurations.Copyright © 2013 by ASME