Showing papers on "Thiocyanate published in 1983"
TL;DR: The similarities between the shrinkage-associated sodium flux and the alkalinization phenomenon suggest that the mechanism responsible for increased sodium permeability in shrunken cells can be made to operate as a sodium-hydrogen exchanger.
Abstract: As dog red blood cells are shrunken in vitro, their sodium permeability increases progressively. Some new features of this volume-responsive transport process are described. Retardation of sodium movements in shrunken cells occurs when chloride is replaced by the more conductive anions: nitrate or thiocyanate. Micromolar concentrations of amiloride or quinidine inhibit the increment of sodium flux associated with a reduction in cell volume. In the presence of a large outwardly directed sodium gradient, dog red blood cells can progressively alkalinize the medium in which they are suspended. This pH change is stimulated by cell shrinkage, reversed by cell swelling, retarded when chloride is replaced by nitrate or thiocyanate, and inhibited by micromolar concentrations of amiloride or quinidine. The similarities between the shrinkage-associated sodium flux and the alkalinization phenomenon suggest that the mechanism responsible for increased sodium permeability in shrunken cells can be made to operate as a sodium-hydrogen exchanger.
98 citations
92 citations
IBM1
TL;DR: In this article, surface-enhanced Raman spectra have been obtained for thiocyanate anions at silver electrodes following an oxidation-reduction cycle (ORC) as a function of electrode potential and electrolyte composition.
82 citations
TL;DR: The mechanism of thiosulfate protection appeared to be due to extremely rapid formation of thiocyanate in the central compartment, which thereby limited the amount of cyanide distribution to sites of toxicity.
64 citations
TL;DR: Rat small intestinal brush border membranes are purified from brush borders by homogenization in relatively high concentrations of thiocyanate salts and are capable of secondary active sodium-dependent glucose transport as demonstrated by sodium gradient-supported overshooting glucose uptake.
52 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the Silk fibers of the mulberry (Bombyx Mori) were dissolved in a 70% lithium thiocyanate solution and regenerated by casting the films from the solution after dialyzing.
Abstract: The Silk fibers of the mulberry (Bombyx Mori) were dissolved in a 70% lithium thiocyanate solution. Dissolved silk was regenerated by casting the films from the solution after dialyzing. The films were investigated by infrared (IR) spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction analysis. It was found that the freshly prepared film was amorphous. The transformation to the β-form could be brought about by heating, solvent induced crystallization, ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and prolonged storage. The mechanism of this transformation is discussed.
47 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the preparation, spectroscopic studies and the crystal structure of Cu(dmtp)2(NCS)2 (I) and Pt(dMTp)4Pt(SCN)6 (II) are described, and the structures of I and II are solved from diffractometer data by Patterson and Fourier methods and refined by full-matrix least-squares to R = 0.044 for I and 0.051 for II.
46 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a triclinic space group was determined by a combination of Patterson, DIRDIF, and Fourier methods, with diffractometer data and refined by least-squares group refinement toR=0.081 for 2774 reflections.
Abstract: The reaction of Au11[P(p-ClC6H4)3]7(SCN)3 with 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino) propane (dppp) in methylene chloride leads to the formation of [Au11(dppp)5] (SCN)3 by a total substitution of the ligands. The compound crystallizes in the triclinic space groupP¯1,a=17.369,b=18.222,c=27.810 A, α=104.00,β=105.25, γ=85.47°,Z=2. The structure was determined by a combination of Patterson, DIRDIF, and Fourier methods, with diffractometer data and refined by least-squares group refinement toR=0.081 for 2774 reflections.
45 citations
Patent•
29 Nov 1983TL;DR: In this article, a process for the removal of HCN from gaseous streams is described, the process being characterized by reaction of the HCN in the Gaseous stream with an ammonium polysulfide solution, formation of ammonium thiocyanate, and hydrolysis of the ammonium THIOCyanate.
Abstract: A process for the removal of HCN from gaseous streams is described, the process being characterized by reaction of the HCN in the gaseous stream with an ammonium polysulfide solution, formation of ammonium thiocyanate, and hydrolysis of the ammonium thiocyanate. Recycle of hydrolysis products is contemplated.
45 citations
Patent•
29 Nov 1983TL;DR: In this paper, a process for the removal of HCN from gaseous streams is described, which is characterized by reaction of the HCN in the gas stream with an ammonium polysulfide solution and formation of ammonium thiocyanate in solution, precipitation and removal of sulfur from the ammonium-thiocyclic acid-containing solution, and hydrolysis of the ammonium thioyanate.
Abstract: A process for the removal of HCN from gaseous streams is described, the process being characterized by reaction of the HCN in the gaseous stream with an ammonium polysulfide solution and formation of ammonium thiocyanate in solution, precipitation and removal of sulfur from the ammonium thiocyanate-containing solution, and hydrolysis of the ammonium thiocyanate. Provision is made for recycle of hydrolysis products.
44 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: AN metabolism in isolated Fischer 344 rat hepatocytes as a model is examined, evaluating the contribution of the various pathways and modes of binding of AN to toxicity and carcinogenicity in liver and extrahepatic target tissues.
Abstract: Several of the pathways of metabolism of the suspected carcinogen acrylonitrile (AN) were identified previously in this laboratory with the use of subcellular fractions and purified enzymes (Guengerich, F. P., Geiger, L. E., Hogy, L. L., and Wright, P. L., Cancer Res., 41: 4925–4933, 1981). In order to establish the relative contributions of the various pathways leading to activated and detoxicated products, we examined AN metabolism in isolated Fischer 344 rat hepatocytes as a model. Reduced glutathione (GSH) was depleted, and cell viability was lost in an AN concentration-dependent manner. The major GSH adduct formed at all AN concentrations was identified as S -(2-cyanoethyl)GSH using thin-layer and high-performance liquid chromatography. Acid hydrolysis and amino acid analysis of labeled hepatocellular protein revealed S -(2-carboxyethyl)-cysteine as the major adduct formed, indicating direct alkylation of cysteinyl residues by AN. 2-Cyanoethylene oxide accumulated in the hepatocyte incubations but did not appear to contribute extensively to alkylation of GSH or protein. Cyanide, resulting from hydrolysis of 2-cyanoethylene oxide, appeared to be completely converted to thiocyanate, which was identified by gel exclusion chromatography and mass spectrometry of the methyl derivative. The concentration of thiocyanate formed was directly proportional to the concentration of AN used. Cyanide does not appear to play a role in AN-mediated cell death. Alkylation of hepatocellular DNA and RNA and extracellular DNA was not observed to an extent greater than one base in 3.5 × 105. The relative rates of the various pathways were compared, and more than 97% of the metabolites can be accounted for by the described reactions. These results are of use in evaluating the contribution of the various pathways and modes of binding of AN to toxicity and carcinogenicity in liver and extrahepatic target tissues.
Patent•
08 Dec 1983
TL;DR: In this article, a di-enzymatic chewable dentifrice is provided which contains an oxidizable substrate and an oxidoreductase enzyme specific to such substrate for producing hydrogen peroxide upon chewing of the dentible.
Abstract: A di-enzymatic chewable dentifrice is provided which contains an oxidizable substrate and an oxidoreductase enzyme specific to such substrate for producing hydrogen peroxide upon chewing of the dentifrice and further contains a thiocyanate salt and lactoperoxidase for interacting with hydrogen peroxide to produce a hypothiocyanate bacterial inhibitor The concentration of lactoperoxidase is at least about 2% of the concentration of the oxidoreductase enzyme, in International Units, to thereby limit the ratio of hydrogen peroxide to lactoperoxidase during oral chewing of the dentifrice An illustrative enzymatic system for this purpose contains glucose, glucose oxidase, potassium thiocyanate and lactoperoxidase
TL;DR: The results suggest that CIO4- is a competitive inhibitor of thyroid I- transport, and the results do not support the idea that SCN- may be a competitive inhibitors, in spite of the fact that the anion did not change Vmax for I- Transport on the basis of Lineweaver-Burk plot analysis.
Abstract: The manner of inhibition of thyroid I- accumulation by perchlorate (CIO4-) and thiocyanate (SCN-) was studied using a newly developed biological model of the I- transport system. CIO4- inhibited I- accumulation in phospholipid vesicles made from thyroid plasma membrane and soybean phospholipids by decreasing Na+-dependent I- influx. The anion did not at all induce I- leakage from the vesicles. On the basis of Lineweaver-Burk plot analysis, it did not change Vmax for I- concentration. These results suggest that CIO4- is a competitive inhibitor of thyroid I- transport. In contrast, SCN- did increase I- leakage from the phospholipid vesicles to diminish I- accumulation. This anion might cause only slight depression of Na+-dependent I- entry, if any. The results do not support the idea that SCN- may be a competitive inhibitor, in spite of the fact that the anion did not change Vmax for I- transport on the basis of Lineweaver-Burk plot analysis.
TL;DR: In this article, the substitution of SCN − dans l'exaaquo-V(II) en solution aqueuse acide is discussed. Parametres cinetiques et d'activation
Abstract: Etude de la substitution de SCN − dans l'exaaquo-V(II) en solution aqueuse acide. Parametres cinetiques et d'activation
TL;DR: In this article, simple and rapid procedures were developed for the determination of cyanide, thiocyanate, nitrite and iodide as their pentafluorobenzyl derivatives.
TL;DR: Serum thiocyanate levels were higher in smokers than in exsmokers and nonsmokers and there was a certain amount of overlap between these groups; whether this reflects unreliability of smoking anamnesis or unspecificity of thiOCyanate assay in discriminating between smokers and nonsMokers is not known.
Abstract: Cigarette smoking appeared to induce total body drug metabolism, as indicated by decreased antipyrine t½ and increased antipyrine clearance. The in vitro parameters of liver drug metabolism used (benzo(a)pyrene hydroxylase and cytochrome P-450 levels), however, were not changed. This implicates induction of drug metabolism in some other organ(s). Serum thiocyanate levels were higher in smokers than in exsmokers and nonsmokers. There was a certain amount of overlap between these groups; whether this reflects unreliability of smoking anamnesis or unspecificity of thiocyanate assay in discriminating between smokers and nonsmokers is not known. There was no significant correlation between serum thiocyanate and the other parameters studied.
Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (1983) 33, 375–380; doi:10.1038/clpt.1983.48
TL;DR: It is considered that the rates of sodium-dependent calcium transport in the presence of chloride, nitrate, and thiocyanate are a function of the conductance of these anions.
Abstract: Calcium influx in dog red blood cells was stimulated by replacing chloride in the medium with nitrate or thiocyanate. These anion effects were due to stimulation of a sodium-dependent calcium pathway, because calcium influx in the presence of nitrate or thiocyanate was 1) inhibited by external sodium, 2) dependent on internal sodium, 3) inhibited by cell shrinkage and low pH, and 4) inhibited by quinidine. All these characteristics had previously been shown to hold for calcium movements in the presence of chloride. Neither nitrate nor thiocyanate caused an irreversible change in calcium transport in the concentrations studied. Calcium-stimulated sodium efflux is stimulated when chloride is replaced by thiocyanate but not by nitrate. Several limiting features of the system are discussed, which preclude a conclusive interpretation of the data. The possibility is considered that the rates of sodium-dependent calcium transport in the presence of chloride, nitrate, and thiocyanate are a function of the conductance of these anions.
TL;DR: Utilisation d'EDTA, a pH 4, for deplacer le cyanure des complexes metalliques and for eviter la conversion de thiocyanate en cyanure libre quand des oxydants sont presents as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Utilisation d'EDTA, a pH 4, pour deplacer le cyanure des complexes metalliques et pour eviter la conversion de thiocyanate en cyanure libre quand des oxydants sont presents. Dosage spectrophotometrique du cyanure a l'aide de pyridine et d'acide barbiturique
TL;DR: The results obtained in the presence of enough thiocyanate for formation of the Pd(SCN)(4)(2-) complex are in disagreement with several possible mechanisms for sorption of the anionic metal complex by the foam, such as adsorption, solvent extraction, ligand addition or exchange, and weak or strong base anion-exchange.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the oxidative addition of thiocyanogen to triphenylphosphine by 31P NMR spectroscopy showing the formation of the isothIocyanatophosphonium salt 8.
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that Rb adopts well-defined sites of four co-ordination with ether oxygens, the actual configuration being anion-dependent.
TL;DR: Metal thiocyanate solutions were extracted with polyether-type polyurethane foam and the metal contents determined by X-ray fluorescence and the determination of one metal was not affected by the presence of the others.
TL;DR: Comparison of the present results with those from the argentometric method shows excellent agreement and these procedures are also useful for computing the number of thiocyanate ligands present in the complexes.
TL;DR: Data are consistent with a functional role for Cu(II) in diamine oxidase catalysis, and new absorption bands are evident at 410 nm and 365 nm, which are assigned as ligand-to-metal charge-transfer transitions.
TL;DR: In this paper, the structure of the monomeric copper(II) complex, [Cu(2-PcaHist)(N3)2] has been determined by the X-ray diffraction method.
TL;DR: It was confirmed that acetate permeates electroneutrally as CH3COOH and thiocyanate electrogenically as SCN-.
Abstract: Entry of sodium ions into cells of Desulfovibrio vulgaris was studied. Translocation of Na+ was monitored by following the optical changes associated with shrinkage and swelling of the cells upon exposure to a hyperosmotic solution (200 mM) of sodium acetate or of sodium thiocyanate. By this technique the two solutes were found to equilibrate only after the addition of a protonophore such as carbonylcyanide m-chlorophenyl-hydrazone (CCCP). It was confirmed that acetate permeates electroneutrally as CH3COOH and thiocyanate electrogenically as SCN-. These findings suggest that Na+ is translocated by an electrogenic sodium ion/hydrogen ion antiport mechanism (H+/Na+>1). Consistent with this interpretation is the observation that the addition of sodium acetate to a cell suspension resulted in the generation of a membrane potential (inside negative) and that of NaCl in an acidification of the external medium.