Showing papers on "UMTS frequency bands published in 2019"

Intelligent User-Centric Network Selection: A Model-Driven Reinforcement Learning Framework

Abstract: Ultra-dense heterogeneous networks, as a novel network architecture in the fifth-generation mobile communication system (5G), promise ubiquitous connectivity and smooth experience, which take advantage of multiple radio access technologies (RATs), such as WiFi, UMTS, LTE, and WiMAX. However, the dense environment of multi-RATs challenges the network selection because of the more frequent and complex decision process along with increased complexity. Introducing artificial intelligence to ultra-dense heterogeneous networks can improve the way we address network selection today, and can execute efficient and intelligent network selection. Whereas, there still exist difficulties to be noted. On one hand, the contradiction between real-time communications and time-consuming learning is exacerbated, which can result in slow convergence. On the other hand, the black-box learning mode suffers from oscillation due to the diversity of multi-RATs, which can result in arbitrary convergence. In this paper, we propose a model-driven framework with a joint off-line and on-line way, which is able to achieve fast and optimal network selection through an alliance of machine learning and game theory. Further, we implement a distributed algorithm at the user side based on the proposed framework, which can reduce the number of frequent switching, increase the possibility of gainful switching, and provide the individual service. The simulation results confirm the performance of the algorithm in accelerating convergence rate, boosting user experience, and improving resource utilization.

Cellular Signal Identification Using Convolutional Neural Networks: AWGN and Rayleigh Fading Channels

Abstract: Spectrum awareness is crucial in wireless communications systems for dynamic network environments. It is required for spectrum resource management, adaptive transmissions, and interference detection. Existing spectrum awareness research includes tasks of spectrum sensing, modulation classification, and medium access control protocol (MAC) identification. This paper explores the identification and classification of signals of various cellular networks, including Global System for Mobile (GSM), Universal Mobile Telecommunication Service (UMTS), and Long-Term Evolution (LTE). We utilize deep learning, specifically, convolutional neural networks (CNN), in training and testing wireless fading signals in those cellular networks. Experimentations demonstrate the effectiveness of deep learning in cellular signal identification.

Cellular System Identification Using Deep Learning: GSM, UMTS and LTE

Abstract: Deep learning (DL) is an effective tool in artificial intelligence (AI), especially in image based and human behavior recognition applications. However, there are many applications that are not very well explored using the DL tools. The telecommunications and networking applications are among those applications that can be explored more extensively using DL. In this paper, the neural network is utilized to identify different cellular communications signals including GSM, UMTS, and LTE. Our study results show that the cellular system identification method achieves very good identification performance without any necessity to select signal features manually.

Multipath and Doppler Characterization of an Electromagnetic Environment by Massive MDT Measurements From 3G and 4G Mobile Terminals

Abstract: This paper describes an innovative approach to radio channel characterization in UMTS and LTE mobile networks. In place of traditional drive tests (DT), which employ a single test mobile, a massive collection of georeferenced radio measurements is made from a wide population of user equipment (UE). This is possible with new 3GPP features, called “minimization of DTs” (MDT), which are implemented in the last generation UEs and enable the reporting of additional periodical measurements, including GPS position and estimated UE distance (i.e. delay) over the radio path. This opens to new fields of investigation in the mobile radio channel, unreachable with the legacy DT approach, such as multipath and Doppler analysis. The UE MDT data of UMTS and LTE RAN of Telecom Italia Mobile, in the Italian midsized city of Bologna, have been statistically analyzed. The big data elaboration has been performed with the Nokia proprietary system “GeoSynthesis.” The results give a high-resolution geographical view of the above-mentioned channel phenomena affecting the quality and user experience. They are in good accordance with network performance indicators: the higher the multipath time, the worse the decoding performance of radio blocks (block error rate). The estimated Doppler shift also fits the known mobility patterns in the urban environment.

A Compact Semi-Circular and Arc-Shaped Slot Antenna for Heterogeneous RF Front-Ends

Abstract: In this paper, a new miniaturized compact dual-band microstrip slot antenna is presented. To achieve the dual-band characteristics, two adjunct partial arc-shaped small slots are joined to two main circular slots embedded in the ground of the antenna structure. With a reduced size of 30 × 28.5 × 0.8 mm3, the proposed antenna presents a dual-band characteristic. The design is optimized using a High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) followed by experimental verifications. An impedance bandwidth, for S11 ≤ 10 dB, that covers the 1.8 GHz and 2.4 GHz bands is accomplished, which makes the proposed antenna basically suitable for hand-held devices and medical applications. More applications such as digital communication system (DCS) 1.71–1.88 GHz, personal communication services (PCS) 1.85–1.99 GHz, Universal and mobile telecommunications system UMTS 1.92–2.17 GHz, Bluetooth 2.4–2.5 GHz, and Wi-Fi 2.4–2.454 GHz, Industrial Scientific and Medical radio frequency (RF) band ISM-2.4 GHz, Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN-2.4) are possible by simply changing one of the geometrical antenna dimensions. The antenna is characterized by stable radiation patterns as well.

ANFIS Model for Path Loss Prediction in the GSM and WCDMA Bands in Urban Area

Abstract: Path loss propagation is a vital concern when designing and planning networks in mobile communication systems. Propagation models such as the empirical, deterministic and theoretical models, which possess complex, inconsistent, time-consuming and non-adaptable features, have proven to be inefficient in designing of wireless systems, thereby resulting in the need for a more reliable model. Artificial Intelligence methods seem to overcome the drawbacks of the propagation models for predicting path loss. In this paper, the ANFIS approach to path loss prediction in the GSM and WCDMA bands is presented for selected urban areas in Nigeria. Furthermore, the effects of the number of Membership Functions (MFs) are investigated. The prediction results indicated that the ANFIS model outperformed the Hata, Cost-231, Egli and ECC-33 models in both Kano and Abuja urban areas. In addition, an increase in the number of MFs conceded an improved RMSE result for the generalized bell-shaped MF. The general performance and outcome of this research work show the efficiency and usefulness of the ANFIS model in improving prediction accuracy over propagation models

Utility aware network selection in small cell

Abstract: In fifth generation heterogeneous network, small cell is developed to compensate the growing demand for mobile data services Due to the smaller size of cell, users have a short duration of connection, however, the user may also have the need of handoff frequently At the time of handoff, different networks are available with different data rate and different other parameters So, there is the need of frequent selection for the optimal network In this paper, a utility-aware optimization algorithm has been proposed for network selection in a heterogeneous environment of Wi-Fi, WiMAX, WLAN, LTE, UMTS, and GPRS network The weight factor is proposed for modified Jaya algorithm which is calculated by the analytical hierarchical process, standard deviation, and entropy method Different applications are considered such as video, voice, web browsing and email transfer in which available bandwidth, packet jitter, packet loss, cost per byte are taken as dominant attributes, respectively According to the dominant factor, different networks are selected for different applications because the requirement of all applications cannot be fulfilled by one network Finally, the proposed algorithm is compared with multi-attribute decision making algorithms and game theory and accuracy of the proposed algorithm is calculated The accuracy of proposed algorithm is higher as compared to the other algorithms and at the same time, this algorithm requires less computation which can further reduce the handoff latency and failure probability Hence, the performance of handoff can be improved by using modified Jaya algorithm

Experimental analysis of individual EMF exposure for GSM/UMTS/WLAN user devices

Abstract: Individual exposure to electromagnetic field (EMF) originating from a user device when using different services over WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network), GSM (Global System for Mobile communications), and UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications Service) technologies in different radio conditions is analyzed. The most common types of traffic were chosen (voice, Skype, web browsing, download, upload, video, audio, TV) and tested in areas of good, medium, and bad radio conditions, per wireless technology. Exposure is evaluated using triggered network reports and external measurements performed in a live network, and also using predetermined simulation results. The analysis shows strong dependence of individual EMF exposure on wireless technology, radio conditions, and service used. For all technologies and services, exposure increased with deterioration of radio conditions, except for file upload over UMTS where in bad radio conditions exposure decreased due to impact of higher layer protocols. GSM technology generated highest exposure in all radio conditions and for all services, except file upload service in good radio conditions where WLAN generated higher exposure. File upload service generated highest exposure for all technologies and radio conditions, except for GSM in good radio conditions where video streaming and voice were ahead.

A Survey of Wireless Communication Technologies from 1G to 5G

Abstract: Wireless Communication services have witnessed a dramatic growth in the past few years. With Telecommunication, there has been parallel growth in usage of different applications and services like VoIP, social network, e-commerce, entertainment etc. 5G is the next generation of telecommunication technology with elaborative and twirling services that can have a profound affect on the society. It can unleash new economic opening and societal benefits giving a potential for being a conversional force for the world. This paper elucidates the evolution of mobile wireless communication technologies. It includes details of architectures, salient features like data rate, primary services etc. To deliver next generation network services, 3GPP introduces IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) based on Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS). This paper also covers Software Defined Network (SDN) based architecture and explains various technologies like Network Function Virtualization (NFV), Network Slicing and certain pointers to research issues related to 5G.

Compact flexible inkjet-printing antenna on paper and transparent PET substrate materials for vehicular instrument communication

Abstract: Flexible inkjet-printed antenna models are designed on paper and transparent polyethylene terephthalate substrate material for vehicular instrument communication applications. The antenna model 1 is designed initially on a low-cost photo paper substrate material and later model 2 is designed on flexible PET substrate for vehicular instrument communication with dimensions of 40×38.5×0.2 mm3. The proposed antenna model on PET substrate is providing the excellent bandwidth of 7.6 GHz with impedance bandwidth of 78%. The proposed antenna is designed to operate in vehicular communication bands, which includes the cellular communication bands, V2X communication bands and other wireless applications like Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), Long-Term Evolution (LTE2600), Wireless local area network 2.4 GHz (WLAN), World Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX), IEEE802.11p protocol based Vehicle-to-everything 5.8 GHz, Dedicated short-range communications (DSRC) and Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments 5GHz (WAVE) communications bands. The prototyped models are fabricated and tested for validation and found perfect matching with the simulation results with respect to reflection coefficient, radiation patterns and gain. The achieved results based on the proposed techniques can be extended for other flexible substrates to design complex advanced antennas and communication modules.

Cloud-based Implementation of a SON Automatic Planning System: a proof-of-concept for UMTS

Abstract: In mobile network deployments of growing size, the optimum and fast planning of radio resources are a key task. Cloud services enable efficient and scalable implementation of procedures and algorithms. In this paper, a proof of concept implementation of a cloud-based network planning work pattern using Amazon Web Services is presented. It extracts configuration and performance data from the network, enabling to accurately estimate cells coverage, identify neighbouring cells and optimally plan Scrambling Codes (SC) in an UMTS network. It was integrated in a SaaS monitoring and planning tool. The system operation is demonstrated for a small canonical scenario. For a realistic scenario with 12 484 unplanned cells, the planning of SCs is efficiently achieved, taking less than 8 seconds, and guaranteeing no collisions between first order neighbouring cells.

Performance enhancement and signal integrity analysis of multiband MIMO antenna for handheld electronic devices

Abstract: In this study, a multiband 8-element MIMO antenna operating at LTE 800/2300/2500 MHz, GSM 850/900/1900 MHz, UMTS, DCS, PCS, IMT, WLAN 2400 MHz, WiMAX 3500 MHz and Wi-Fi 5800 MHz is proposed for handheld devices. The proposed antenna comprises of radiating elements and novel decoupling structure to reduce the mutual coupling. To obtain multiple resonances, F-shaped monopole, C-shaped strips, L and S-shaped monopoles are integrated to form the complete radiator. The protruded ground plane with inverted π-shaped slot acts as the decoupling element. The eight elements are arranged in a certain fashion to achieve spatial and polarisation diversity. The impedance bandwidth achieved is 170, 1070, 400 and 700 MHz. The isolation is >20 dB in all the desired operating bands. The simulated peak gain and efficiency of the antenna at the four operating bands are 4.8/6.3/5.4/4.7 dBi and 75/90/80/83%, respectively. Furthermore, the envelope correlation coefficient, the apparent diversity gain and effective diversity gain are calculated and presented. The obtained measured and simulated results are in good correlation with each other.

Design of mobile band subsurface antenna for drainage infrastructure monitoring

Abstract: This study presents an underground subsurface wireless sensor for drainage infrastructure water level monitoring. It operates from 800 to 2170 MHz to cover the required GSM850/900, GSM1800/1900 and Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) bands. The system consists of a wideband antenna, transceiver, data acquisition unit and an ultrasonic sensor. The proposed antenna is a three-dimensional inverted double F antenna and has an envelope size of 90 × 63.5 × 32 mm 3 , which is acceptably small for a cramped subsurface passageway environment. The antenna design was developed using software simulation to optimise its key parameters of return loss and radiation pattern, these were evaluated both in free space and in the partially underground environment. The design developed was then realised in hardware and tested in a representative subsurface location: a utility manhole chamber. It was found that the location of the antenna in the chamber had a significant effect on its performance, but a location that was acceptable for operational purposes was found by experiment. The overall system, including a transceiver, was demonstrated to operate satisfactorily for utility monitoring purposes, including acceptable levels of path loss for communication with mobile communication base stations.

Physical Layer Performance Analysis of LTE Networks for Downlink

Abstract: The Long Term Evolution (LTE) and LTE-Advanced are two most versatile mobile technologies in the cellular networks that have been deployed at a fast pace all over the world. Theses technologies have been aggressively deployed than any other cellular technology previously and their adoption rate by the cellular operators over the world has surpassed even Global System for Mobile (GSM) and the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) that were deployed in the 1990s & early 2000s respectively. In this paper, we investigate several key LTE physical layer parameters such as Bit Error Rate (BER), Block Error Rate (BLER), throughput, Cumulative Distribution Function (CDF), macroscopic path losses, Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) etc. We comprehensively evaluate & analyze the performance of above mentioned parameters using various dependent parameters & provide the simulation results for each parameter considered. At the end we conclude & discuss the performance simulation results.

A Low-profile planar monopole internal antenna for GSM/DCS/PCS/IMT/UMTS/WLAN/ISM/LTE operation in the Mobile phones

Abstract: In this paper, a novel low-profile planar monopole internal antenna for GSM/DCS/PCS/ IMT/UMTS/WLAN/ISM/LTE operation in the mobile phones is designed and developed. The proposed antenna is composed of multi-branches, F-shaped slots in the system ground plane and tapered feeding line which can improve the impedance matching at the feeding point. The antenna occupying a small area of 18.5 × 46 mm2 is placed on the top no-ground portion of the system circuit board, which makes it suitable for practical mobile applications. A prototype of the proposed antenna is fabricated and tested. In addition, the planar monopole antenna can provide two wide lower and upper bands to respectively cover the frequency range of 848–1152 MHz, and 1736–3000 MHz, for the GSM850/GSM900/DCS1800/PCS1900/IMT2000/UMTS2100/WLAN2400/ISM2450/LTE2300/LTE2500 operation in the mobile phone. Good radiation patterns and antenna peak gain for frequencies over the operating bands have been observed. The antenna is simulated and designed by using Ansoft HFSS and CST Microwave Studio. Details of the antenna design, results on the reflection coefficient, radiation characteristics, directivity, antenna gain, realized gain, and efficiency of the antenna are given and discussed. Finally, the specific absorption rate (SAR) of the proposed antenna placed at the bottom of the mobile phone is also investigated. The obtained SAR values meet the limit of 1.6 W/kg for the 1 g head tissue and 2.0 W/kg for the 10 g head tissue.

Vertical Handoff Solution on Software Defined Radios for Next Generation Wireless Networks

Abstract: Todays wireless networks are heterogeneous and comprising of various standards and technologies like 802.11, UMTS, LTE and the forthcoming 5G (Fifth Generation) to be launched by 2020 in India. Subscriber’s data need and all time connectivity is in demand irrespective of underlying network is increased as LTE, WiMax(Wireless interoperability for microwave access) networks offer high data rates at low cost. High data rates are also available in Wi-Fi but with smaller coverage while LTE, WiMAX technologies offer it with large coverage. Due to high mobility of mobile node home network is frequently changed and an uninterrupted service can’t be provided because of the heterogeneous network scenario. To resolve this mobility issue the internetworking between various contemporary and next generation wireless standards is highly required. There are strategies and solutions proposed in the literature since last two decades. This paper focuses on various solutions for heterogeneous or vertical handovers and their comparison on the basis of latency, packet loss, scalability etc. and proposes feasibility of implementation of an optimum VHO solution on software defined radio (SDR) platforms without many changes in the existing framework of networks.

A Compact Dual-Band CPW-Fed MIMO Antenna for Indoor Applications

Abstract: A compact dual-band multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna for LTE700, GSM1900, and UMTS applications with high isolation is presented. To enhance impedance matching and multiband operation, two inverted L-shaped monopoles are printed in the circular slot of the ground plane. The single element design is mirrored along the diameter of the circular slot of the ground plane. A strip is employed between the two radiators in order to mitigate the mutual coupling effect and enhance the impedance matching at operating bandwidths. Moreover, two slits are inserted in the ground plane in order to disturb the current distribution between radiating elements, and hence, the isolation between elements is improved. The measured 10 dB return loss bandwidth is 100 MHz (698–798 MHz) and 359 MHz (1765-2124 MHz) over the LTE700, GSM1900, and UMTS bands. The measured isolation between the two ports is less than -13 dB over the LTE700 bands while it is recorded to be less than -17 dB over the GSM1900 and UMTS bands. In addition, parametric studies of the proposed MIMO antenna are performed, and the surface current analysis is discussed to show the effect of the isolation structure. The radiation patterns are measured, and envelope correlation coefficient is calculated. The simulated results are in good agreement with measurements.

A Multi Band Planar Inverted-F Antenna with Meandered Slots for Mobile Applications

Abstract: In this paper, an Octa-band antenna combining a Planar Inverted-F Antenna (PIFA) and multiple slots on a ground plane for mobile handset applications is presented. The proposed antenna has simple and flat structure that eases the fabrication process. Three slots on the top layer of the antenna substrate are introduced to achieve increased bandwidth and gain characteristics. The proposed structure consists of meander line which makes the antenna to cover the following bands DCS 1800 (1740-1870 MHz), UMTS (1.7-1.87GHz), PCS (1850-1879MHz), Wi-Bro(2.24-2.32GHz), WiMAX (3.50-3.61GHz), Wi-Fi 5GHz (5.21-5.37GHz), WLAN (5.39-5.47GHz) and (7.03-7.93GHz). A stable and omnidirectional radiation patterns are obtained with reasonable gains in the range of 2dB-9dB within different operating bands. Reflection coefficient, VSWR and Radiation patterns are obtained and compared with the values without meander line to show the advantages of multiple bands on PIFA. Ansys HFSS CAD tool has been used for simulations and the results are presented.

Bandwidth enhancement using modified L-probe fed slotted patch antenna for WLAN and UMTS applications

Abstract: In this paper, two different radiating structures fed with modified L-probe, are reported using a circuit theory concept. The proposed antennas are operating in wireless local area network (WLAN) and universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS) frequency bands. In the first design, an E-shaped patch is studied to increase the bandwidth. It is observed that the bandwidth is directly proportional to notch dimensions. In the second design, E-shaped patch is modified to reduce the antenna size up to 30% with high bandwidth. In the first design, measured bandwidth and gain achieved are 32.68% (1.92–2.67 GHz) and 8.43 dBi while in second design it is 34.19% (1.94–2.74 GHz) and 8.39 dBi, respectively. Radiation patterns for both the antennas are symmetrical and broadside in nature. The proposed antennas are fabricated and measured results compare well with the theoretical and simulated results.

Efficient UE mobility in multi-RAT cellular networks using SDN

Abstract: Though, Software Defined Networking (SDN) started with the wired networks, several architectural solutions have been proposed to incorporate SDN in the wireless domain, to improve the overall performance of the network. However, analyses of specific use cases or scenarios based on these architectural approaches have been largely unexplored. One of the architectural solutions proposed in the radio interface is to have a configurable data plane at the base station, e.g., OpenRadio, which can be programmed with different Radio Access Technologies (RATs) dynamically by the SDN controller. In this work, we further investigate the futuristic problem where schemes, like OpenRadio and SDN concepts, come into play to improve mobility of User Equipment (UE). It is a well-known fact that intra-RAT (e.g., LTE to LTE) mobility procedures have lower latency, and are far less complex than their inter-RAT (e.g., LTE to UMTS) counterparts. Hence, we can improve user experience by converting inter-RAT mobility procedures to intra-RAT counterparts. We already proposed this scenario in our previous work, and results showed substantial mobility improvements. However, this conversion requires SDN signaling to reconfigure the base station to the target RAT, followed by an intra-RAT mobility procedure for the UE. In this paper, we investigate the performance requirement of this combined SDN signaling and intra-RAT mobility procedures, in order to do better than the inter-RAT counterparts. Results using our analytical model show, a minimum of 20% reduction in time for combined SDN signaling and intra-RAT mobility can outperform existing inter-RAT mobility procedures. Simulation results validate the observations obtained from the analytical model. Comparison of results with OpenFlow scenario shows that achieving the required signaling performance is feasible.

A varactor based tunable RF filter for multistandard wireless communication receivers

Abstract: This paper presents the design of a tunable RF filter dedicated for multistandard operation in Software Defined Radio (SDR) receivers. This filter is based on the Dual-Behaviour Resonators (DBR) topology realized in microstrip technology with PTFE substrate and using SMV1405 varactors as tuning elements. It provides the independent control of its center frequency and bandwidth relative to the radio standards UMTS, Wi-Fi and LTE (Band N°7). The center frequency ranges from 2.142 to 2.65 GHz and the required bandwidth varies from 86 to 108 MHz. S-parameters simulations and measurements with non-linearity study are provided to evaluate the performance of the designed filter. A very good agreement between simulations and measurements is obtained and the designed filter shows acceptable performances in terms of insertion and return losses which are less than 6 dB and more than 14 dB, respectively for all bands. Moreover, linear properties regarding receiver requirements with a minimum 1-dB compression point (P1dB) of 11.4 dBm and a minimum third order intercept point (IP3) of 21.2 dBm are satisfying.

An Ultra-thin Triple-band Smartwatch Antenna with Support of Several Wireless Application Bands

Abstract: In this paper, a compact planar ultra-thin triple band antenna is introduced. The proposed antenna with three bands can cover the Galileo, GPS, Glonass, DCS, PCS, UMTS, LTE2400, LTE2500, WiMAX, and WLAN bands. The suggested antenna has a simple configuration, consisting of a monopole radiating element on top of the substrate, and a small ground at the bottom of the substrate. The triple band of the antenna is achieved by using complementary split-ring resonators and cutting some slots to optimize and widen the operating bands of the antenna. The antenna has a simple and compact configuration, and so it is cost effective. With the small total size of 35mm ×30mm×0.5 mm, it can be a good choice for portable ultra-thin wireless handsets, like smartwatches.

A Novel Super Wideband Circular Fractal Antenna For Energy Harvesting Applications

Abstract: In this communication, design and simulation of the super wideband antenna for using at the energy harvesting applications are presented. In the introduction part, general information about the super wideband antennas are given. After that, design procedure of the antenna is explained in details and simulation results of the antenna such as reflection coefficients and radiation patterns are given. In section III, multi-frequency energy harvesting circuit is explained. The paper is finished with the conclusion section. As a result, it is shown that proposed antenna can be used as a rectenna at low frequency bands such as UMTS, WIFI and LTE where it has a superior performance.

Performance Evaluation of LTE Physical Layer

Abstract: Wireless networks have undergone an unprecedented expansion in recent years. This can be attributed to the deployment of successive telecommunications generations dedicated mainly to telephony (2nd Generation GSM), multimedia (3rd Generation UMTS) as well as the 4G (Long Term Evolution: LTE). This last brings a real turning point in the profusion and disparity of solutions. In fact, the 3rd Generation Partnership Project Long Term Evolution (3GPP LTE) was outcome by cooperation between groups of telecommunications consortium known as 3rd Generation Partnership Project to improve the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) standard. It supports up to 300 Mbps for downlink data transmission using the Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) modulation and up to 75 Mbps throughput for the uplink using the Single Carrier-Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) modulation scheme. The present work aims to study LTE physical layer performance evaluation for downlink transmission. A comprehensive investigation of the LTE performance analysis is presented including the Bit Error Rate (BER) and Block Error Rate (BLER) performance results for different values of the Channel Quality Indicator (CQI) which indicates the highest possible modulation scheme and coding rate, for which the block error rate in the channel decreasesin the LTE physical layer.

Implementation and Statistical Tests of a Block Cipher Algorithm MISTY1

Abstract: With the development of communication network and new information technologies, the volume of data exchanged is growing, particularly with the of IoTs. There security has become a major concern, especially in sensitive activities. Such security requirements call for efficient cryptographic encryption algorithms, with a small hardware footprint. The current trend is towards light cryptographic algorithms (lightweight). These are designed for power systems with limited storage capacity. This paper proposes the study, hardware implementation and statistical test of block cipher algorithm MISTY1. Its optimized version for a hardware implementation is known as KASUMI, used in the context of 3GPP compliant mobile networks, including 2G (GSM) and 3G (UMTS).

Performance Evaluation of 6-Sector Site and Small Cell for Addis Ababa UMTS Network

Abstract: The demand for high mobile data rate has been increasing due to introduction of various innovative mobile data services to improve our life. To accommodate the increasing data demand with satisfactory quality of service operators must continuously improve their network capacity. To that end, besides deploying fourth generation network, already operational third generation (3G) network capacity can be improved by applying some capacity improvement techniques including six-sectorization, densification, multiple input multiple output and using multiple carriers. Although these capacity improving techniques have been well investigated theoretically and practically, their performance is not studied well to address capacity challenges of most widely used 3G data network in Ethiopia. In this paper, we select six-sectorization and small cell based on relevance and device availability trends and investigate their performance in addressing capacity challenges of selected Addis Ababa 3G deployment scenario considering realistic capacity demand, propagation environment and legacy network topology. Propagation computation and network simulation are made using WinProp and dominant path model based on building and topography maps are used for propagation computation. Performance results show that deployment of six-sector or/and small cells provide significant performance gain compared to already existing full 3 sector cells. For instance, six-sector deployment provides a 284.23% average downlink throughput gain. Furthermore, deployment of small cells with 5% penetration presents a 114.67%, average throughput gains over the existing full 3-sector.

LTE Network: Performance Analysis Based on Operating Frequency

Abstract: LTE is a widespread technology for high-speed wireless communication that is used in our mobile networks and various data terminals. With the increase in number of users for broadband communication, the requirement for data rate has increased significantly due to the evolution of LTE took place. LTE is the evolvement of high-speed packet access (HSPA) that was assimilated by third-generation partnership project (3GPP) release 8, in order to accomplish widening demand for a very high-speed and proficient access of data. LTE promoted such a high-speed data by enabling larger bandwidth. This paper focuses on the performance of LTE networks at changing spectral frequency bands. In our work, we have tried to simulate LTE networks using NS-2 simulator. Our primary focus is on specifications that greatly affect the behavior of LTE networks. The key specifications that we have used in our work are throughput, average throughput, and jitter. After simulation of our LTE networks, we have concluded that with changing frequency bands, throughput is not affected until and unless bandwidth and modulation type are not varied. We have observed same behavior in case of average throughput but it is smaller in comparison to throughput as bandwidth is shared among multiple broadband users; hence, it can be noted that average throughput falls off with the rise in number of nodes. Jitter does not show any distinct behavior with changing spectral frequency band. It may rise for some instance of time and diminish for other instants.

Complete Security Stack FPGA Implementation of The Software Defined Radio on ZYNQ

Abstract: The increasing deployment of the Internet of Things (IoT) in every life aspects makes the different communications methodologies used in IoT applications are vulnerable to cyber-attacks, either through passive attacks, intercepting un-authorized messages between two communications parties, or through masquerading active attacks, being able to modify or even fabricate new message to communications parties. This work implements the whole Software Defined Radio (SDR) with GSM, UMTS, and Bluetooth communications block then integrating the communications blocks with focus in optimizing the added security layers, including the authentication to overcome masquerading and encryption to overcome passive attacks , for the 2G (Comp128, A3, A5 and A8), 3G and 4G (the KASUMI, F8 and F9) and the Bluetooth (SAFER+,E1, E2 and E3) algorithms on the Field programmable gate array of the ZYNQ System-On-Chip while focusing on minimizing the utilization and power consumption of the security functions part.