Showing papers on "Volume fraction published in 2022"
TL;DR: In this article , the numerical simulation for thermal analysis of PTC with a wavy absorber pipe employing finite volume method was presented, where a two phase model for a mixture of oil and CuO nanoparticles were applied to find the amount of received heat to absorber.
160 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , the thermal conductivity (knf) of cerium oxide/ethylene glycol nanofluid is extracted for different temperatures (T = 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, and 50 °C) and the volume fraction of nanoparticles ( φ= 0, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5%).
50 citations
TL;DR: In this article , a high-entropy alloy with combined gradient distributions along the depth for both grain size and volume fraction of precipitates was designed and introduced in a high entropy alloy by surface mechanical attrition treatment and aging.
49 citations
TL;DR: In this article , a peak-aged high-entropy alloy (HEA) system with a medium-to-high stacking fault energy (SFE) was shown to exhibit an anomalous precipitate-size-dependence of ductility.
46 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a peak-aged high-entropy alloy (HEA) system with a medium-to-high stacking fault energy (SFE) was shown to exhibit an anomalous precipitate-size-dependence of ductility.
46 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , the influences of fiber volume fraction and stress level on the fatigue performance of glass fiber-reinforced polyester (GFRP) composite materials have been studied in the tension-tension fatigue scenario.
Abstract: Fibre-reinforced polymeric composite materials are becoming substantial and convenient materials in the repair and replacement of traditional metallic materials due to their high stiffness. The composites undergo different types of fatigue loads during their service life. The drive to enhance the design methodologies and predictive models of fibre-reinforced polymeric composite materials subjected to fatigue stresses is reliant on more precise and reliable techniques for assessing their fatigue life. The influences of fibre volume fraction and stress level on the fatigue performance of glass fibre-reinforced polyester (GFRP) composite materials have been studied in the tension–tension fatigue scenario. The fibre volume fractions for this investigation were set to: 20%, 35%, and 50%. The tensile testing of specimens was performed using a universal testing machine and the Young’s modulus was validated with four different prediction models. In order to identify the modes of failure as well as the fatigue life of composites, polyester-based GFRP specimens were evaluated at five stress levels which were 75%, 65%, 50%, 40%, and 25% of the maximum tensile stress until either a fracture occurred or five million fatigue cycles was reached. The experimental results showed that glass fibre-reinforced polyester samples had a pure tension failure at high applied stress levels, while at low stress levels the failure mode was governed by stress levels. Finally, the experimental results of GFRP composite samples with different volume fractions were utilized for model validation and comparison, which showed that the proposed framework yields acceptable correlations of predicted fatigue lives in tension–tension fatigue regimes with experimental ones.
40 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , an experimental investigation was performed to single out the thermal performance of nickel foam-based heat sink embedded with RT-44HC paraffin as phase change material (PCM), which is used for high heat transfer area with a minimum reduction in the latent heat of a composite PCM.
38 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , a combination of high-density dislocation structures and high-volume-fraction ductile nano-precipitates in a high-entropy alloy (HEA) is presented.
34 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the vibrations of combined hemispherical-cylindrical shells (CHCSs) made of three-phase nanocomposite materials were investigated, and the proposed formulations were validated by comparing the achieved results with reference solutions and the outputs of a commercial FEM software.
34 citations
TL;DR: In this article , nano-silica (NS) was used to learn the hydration and mechanical properties of cement-based materials with RCP, and the results indicated that after adding NS into RCP-cement pastes, the setting time of cement pastes was significantly reduced, while the samples' early hydration rate and hydration heat increased.
Abstract: In recent years, an ever-increasing amount researchers dedicated themselves to exploring the possibility of introducing recycled concrete powder (RCP) into concrete as a substitute for cement. To optimize the effect of RCP on cement-based materials, this paper uses nano-silica (NS) to learn the hydration and mechanical properties of cement-based materials with RCP. The results indicated that after adding NS into RCP-cement pastes, the setting time of cement pastes was significantly reduced, while the samples' early hydration rate and hydration heat increased. Besides, the mechanical strength of the mortar decreased as RCP replaced part of the cement, while 2% NS can compensate for the mechanical strength loss of mortar caused by RCP as supplementary cementing materials. The X-ray computer tomography (X-ray CT) and mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) results showed that RCP increased mortar's pore volume fraction and porosity. In contrast, NS in RCP blended mortar significantly decreased the number of pores with a pore volume between 0.01 and 0.03 mm3 and increased the proportion of harmless pores (From 28.6% to 31.4%). Hence, NS reduced the pore volume fraction and porosity of mortar. The results of X-ray CT and MIP showed that NS could refine the pore size in RCP blended mortar. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) further revealed that the existence of NS can eliminate the adverse effects brought by RCP.
34 citations
TL;DR: In this article , a novel additively manufactured Al-10.5Ce-3.1Ni-1.2Mn wt.% alloy was reported to have excellent creep resistance relative to cast high-temperature aluminum alloys at 300-400 °C.
TL;DR: In this article , multilayer perceptron type artificial neural network (MLP-ANN) was employed to map and forecast the thermal performance of MWCNT nanofluids on the tube side and water on the shell side.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of cooling rates, i.e., air cooling and furnace cooling, after solution in α+β phase field on variant selection, coarsening behavior of α phase and microstructure evolution were investigated in α +β TC21 alloy.
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors analyzed the heat and mass transfer characteristics of ternary nanofluid formed by suspending three different nanoparticles in order to achieve proper bioconvection caused by microorganisms, the nanoparticle concentration was assumed to be dilute and the fluid with these characteristics is assumed to flow as a jet past a stretching sheet.
Abstract: The analysis of enhancing the heat transfer of a traditional fluid by adding nanoparticles was effectively studied by many researchers across the globe. In later stages, these nanofluids were made chemically stable by suspending an additional inert nanoparticle thus forming a hybrid nanofluid. The heat transfer characteristics of hybrid nanofluids are discussed in various aspects. Considering these studies, the heat and mass transfer characteristics of ternary nanofluid formed by suspending three different nanoparticles is analysed in this article. The self-propelled microorganisms move within the nanofluid due to the density gradient and it ensures proper mixing of nanoparticles. In order to achieve proper bioconvection caused by microorganisms, the nanoparticle concentration is assumed to be dilute and the fluid with these characteristics is assumed to flow as a jet past a stretching sheet. The mathematical model to analyse such a characteristic flow is framed using the modified Buongiorno’s model that describes the impact of volume fraction, thermophoresis and Brownian motion. The mathematical model obtained will be further converted into non-linear differential equations that are solved through the RKF-45 method. The results obtained through this method are interpreted graphically and the impact of fluid flow parameters on the heat and mass transfer rates are tabulated. It is perceived that the mixed convection parameter enhances the velocity profile. Similarly, the increase in the Brownian motion and thermophoresis enhances the thermal profile. Meanwhile, the increase in the nanoparticle volume fraction helps in enhancing the thermal conductivity and thus the temperature is found to be increasing.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors introduce the enhancement mechanisms of various fibers on concrete materials and review the effects of volume fraction, shape, type, aspect ratio, and hybrid fiber combinations on the static and dynamic mechanical properties, fiber-matrix bonding behavior, and durability of UHPC.
Abstract: In recent years, ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) has attracted increasing interest owing to its superior mechanical properties and excellent durability. This paper introduces the enhancement mechanisms of various fibers on concrete materials and reviews the effects of volume fraction, shape, type, aspect ratio, and hybrid fiber combinations on the static and dynamic mechanical properties, fiber-matrix bonding behavior, and durability of UHPC. Furthermore, the empirical formulas and theoretical models for predicting the properties of UHPC are summarized. The results indicate that fibers have significant potential to enhance the tensile and fracture strengths of UHPC, and the optimal fiber volume fraction seems to be related to the fiber type. The aspect ratio has no noticeable effect on the properties of UHPC, whereas the effect of hybrid fiber combinations seems to be uncertain and depend on the synergistic effect of different types of fibers. Variations in the water/binder ratio, mix proportion, and curing system may also influence the results. In addition, the theoretical models and empirical formulas summarized in this paper can further enrich the design theory of UHPC and provide recommendations for future research.
01 Mar 2022
TL;DR: In this article , the effects of fiber type, orientation and weight/volume fraction, printing path, and stacking sequence on the mechanical properties of additively manufactured composites are discussed, and the main challenges of the current additive manufacturing techniques, and recommendations for future work are also presented.
Abstract: Recent developments in additive manufacturing techniques have facilitated the fabrication of fiber-reinforced composite materials. In this paper, the mechanical properties and deformation mechanisms of discontinuous and continuous fiber-reinforced composites fabricated by various additive manufacturing techniques are comprehensively reviewed. The effects of fiber type, orientation and weight/volume fraction, printing path, and stacking sequence on the mechanical properties of additively manufactured composites are discussed. In addition, the applications of additively manufactured composites, the main challenges of the current additive manufacturing techniques, and recommendations for future work are also presented.
TL;DR: In this article , the mechanical properties of the unidirectional banana and glass fiber reinforced epoxy composite are examined using the hand lay-up method and the tensile strength and fracture toughness are measured to compare their mechanical characteristics.
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors presented the nonlinear vibration of porous functionally graded sandwich plate on elastic foundations subjected to blast loading by the analytical approach, where the blast loading was assumed to be uniformly distributed on the surface of the sandwich plate and modeled by an exponential function.
Abstract: This paper presents the nonlinear vibration of porous functionally graded sandwich plate on elastic foundations subjected to blast loading by the analytical approach. The sandwich plate consists of two FGM face sheets and a homogeneous core which is made from metal or ceramic. Two types of porosity distribution, including evenly and unevenly distributed porosity have been considered for sandwich plate. The material properties of sandwich plate are assumed to vary in the thickness direction according to simple power law distribution with a volume fraction index and a porosity coefficient. The blast loading is assumed to be uniformly distributed on the surface of the sandwich plate and modeled by an exponential function. The Reddy’s higher order shear deformation theory with von Kármán type nonlinearity is used to establish governing equations for the vibration of sandwich plate. By applying Galerkin and fourth-order Runge–Kutta methods, the numerical results show the effects of volume fraction index, porosity coefficient, type of porosity distribution, geometrical parameters, elastic foundations and parameters of blast loading on the nonlinear vibration of the sandwich plate. Comparisons are conducted to evaluate the reliability of the obtained results.
01 Jan 2022-Materials Science and Engineering A-structural Materials Properties Microstructure and Processing
TL;DR: In this article , the influence of martensite morphology and volume fraction on low-temperature impact toughness of dual-phase (DP) steels was investigated by impact tests, nanoindentation tests, atom probe tomography (APT) and microstructural examination.
Abstract: The influence of martensite morphology and volume fraction on low-temperature impact toughness of dual-phase (DP) steels was investigated by impact tests, nanoindentation tests, atom probe tomography (APT) and microstructural examination. The APT results of medium-C martensite show that many small-sized C clusters are formed at the twin grain boundaries inside the lath, which increase nanohardness and decrease impact toughness. The impact test results indicate that the low-temperature impact toughness of lath martensite is significantly superior to ferrite. Refining the lath martensite substructure can improve the low-temperature impact toughness of DP steels. However, martensite twins obviously reduce the low-temperature impact toughness of DP steels. It is further found that the impact toughness of DP steel is affected by the toughness of ferrite and martensite, and conforms to rule of mixtures. Finally, the low-temperature impact fracture mechanism of DP steels was observed, and it is found that the large-size ferrite grains in DP steels preferentially occur cleavage fracture. As the impact temperature decreases, the fracture mode of DP steel changes from dimple plus quasi-cleavage fracture to brittle cleavage fracture.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors presented the nonlinear vibration of porous functionally graded sandwich plate on elastic foundations subjected to blast loading by the analytical approach, where the blast loading was assumed to be uniformly distributed on the surface of the sandwich plate and modeled by an exponential function.
Abstract: This paper presents the nonlinear vibration of porous functionally graded sandwich plate on elastic foundations subjected to blast loading by the analytical approach. The sandwich plate consists of two FGM face sheets and a homogeneous core which is made from metal or ceramic. Two types of porosity distribution, including evenly and unevenly distributed porosity have been considered for sandwich plate. The material properties of sandwich plate are assumed to vary in the thickness direction according to simple power law distribution with a volume fraction index and a porosity coefficient. The blast loading is assumed to be uniformly distributed on the surface of the sandwich plate and modeled by an exponential function. The Reddy’s higher order shear deformation theory with von Karman type nonlinearity is used to establish governing equations for the vibration of sandwich plate. By applying Galerkin and fourth-order Runge–Kutta methods, the numerical results show the effects of volume fraction index, porosity coefficient, type of porosity distribution, geometrical parameters, elastic foundations and parameters of blast loading on the nonlinear vibration of the sandwich plate. Comparisons are conducted to evaluate the reliability of the obtained results.
01 Feb 2022
TL;DR: In this article , the effect of cooling rates, i.e., air cooling and furnace cooling, after solution in α+β phase field on variant selection, coarsening behavior of α phase and microstructure evolution were investigated in α +β TC21 alloy.
Abstract: Effect of cooling rates, i.e., air cooling and furnace cooling, after solution in α+β phase-field on variant selection, coarsening behavior of α phase and microstructure evolution were investigated in α+β TC21 alloy. The textures of primary α (αp) and lamellar α (αL) in β phase transformation microstructure (βt) were analysed separately, and the orientation relationship among αp, αL and the parent β phase were studied. In addition, the influence of the microstructure characteristics on the tensile properties was investigated. The results showed that all parent β grains, despite their different orientations, produced 12 ideal αL variants with the same texture components and interweave to form a basketweave βt structure under the air-cooling condition. The αp without Burgers orientation relationship (BOR) with β phase exhibited obviously texture component without overlapping the αL texture component. The volume fraction of αp in the furnace-cooled sample (about 50%) was higher than that of the air-cooled sample (about 12%), while the size of it slightly increased with decreasing the cooling rate. In each β grain, the thick αL in the same orientation formed an α colony. A typical 3 variant colonies which were related to each other were observed. Consequently, the αL spatial orientation distribution showed more heterogeneity. Moreover, the BOR between αp and β and the same orientation of some αL and the surrounding αp grains resulting in the overlapping of αp texture component and αL texture component. At last, the relationship between microstructure and tensile properties was analysed.
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors analyzed the natural frequencies of the imperfect functionally graded sandwich plate (FGSP) comprised of porous face sheets made of functionally graded materials (FGMs) and an isotropic homogeneous core resting on the elastic foundation.
TL;DR: In this article , a cutting-edge combined plastic deformation process of accumulative roll bonding and cold roll bonding was used to fabricate Al/Cu functionally graded composites and the results of the tensile test showed that the strength gradually grew with the progressive increase in the volume fractions of Cu.
TL;DR: In this article , the spheroidization behavior of HIPed powder metallurgy (P/M) superalloy deformed at high temperatures (1080−1170 ℃) and different strain rates (1−0.001 s−1) were investigated.
TL;DR: In this article , a finite element formulation based on C0 continuity of transverse displacement for obtaining and comparing nonlinear transient response of porous functionally graded material (FGM) sandwich plates and shell panels is presented.
Abstract: The present work is an attempt to develop a simple and accurate finite element formulation based on C0 continuity of transverse displacement for obtaining and comparing nonlinear transient response of porous functionally graded material (FGM) sandwich plates and shell panels. The volume fraction for the layers made of FGM is computed according to the power-law (P-FGM) or sigmoid (S-FGM) model. The FGM sandwich panel is subjected to blast loading and thermal environment considering the heat conduction in thickness direction and the material properties are assumed to be temperature-dependent. An eight-noded isoparametric element along with first-order shear deformation theory is used to develop a finite element model. The strain–displacement relation is obtained using Sander’s approximation incorporating von Karman type nonlinear strains. Two configurations, first having the top and the bottom layers made of pure ceramic and pure metal and the core of same composed of FGM, second having the top and the bottom layers made of FGM and the core composed of pure metal are considered for the present investigation. The FGM layers for the two configurations are porous and two types of porosity, viz., evenly spaced and unevenly spaced are considered for the analysis. The results obtained from the present finite element formulation are first validated with several benchmark examples available in the literature. Parametric studies are carried out to investigate the effect of volume fraction index, porosity model, temperature gradient, core to facesheet thickness ratio and blast load on nonlinear transient analysis of porous P-FGM and S-FGM sandwich plate and shell panels. It is observed that by selecting optimum parameters, the amplitude of the nonlinear transient response due to different blast loading is controlled.
TL;DR: In this article , the impact of the radiation, slip parameter, sloid volume fraction, magnetic parameter, Eckart and Prandtl numbers on the velocity, temperature, and heat transfer rate profiles are demonstrated using a parametric analysis.
Abstract: Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and multi-walled nanotubes (MWNTs) are gaining appeal in mechanical engineering and industrial applications due to their direct influence on enhancing the thermal conductivity of base fluids. With such intriguing properties of carbon nanotubes in mind, our goal in this work is to investigate radiation effects on the flow of carbon nanotube suspended nanofluids in the presence of a magnetic field past a stretched sheet impacted by slip state. CNTs flow and heat transmission are frequently modelled in practice using nonlinear differential equation systems. This system has been precisely solved, and an accurate analytical expression for the fluid velocity in terms of an exponential function has been derived, while the temperature distribution is stated in terms of a confluent hypergeometric function. The impact of the radiation parameter, slip parameter, sloid volume fraction, magnetic parameter, Eckart and Prandtl numbers on the velocity, temperature, and heat transfer rate profiles are demonstrated using a parametric analysis. When compared to the two types of nanoparticles (Cooper and Silver) in earlier published articles, temperature profiles for single-walled nanotubes (SWNTs) and multi-walled nanotubes (MWNTs) are revealed to be particularly sensitive to radiation, solid volume fraction, and slip parameters. Nanomechanical gears, nanosensors, nanocomposite materials, resonators, and thermal materials are only a few of the present problem's technical applications.
TL;DR: In this paper , the effect of elastic modulus of z-pins on the delamination behavior of two kinds of Z-pinned laminates is experimentally and numerically studied.
TL;DR: In this article , the effects of voids on 3D printed continuous carbon fiber-reinforced polymer composites were quantified using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis.
TL;DR: In this article , an integrated FE model considering microstructure and damage evolution, and revealing the effects of microstructures and stress states on damage evolution was proposed, and the results showed that the inner surface of workpiece with the largest voids volume fraction is the place with the greatest potential of fracture.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors investigated the flow, heat transport, and entropy of a high conductivity hybrid nanofluid and a stretching surface with velocity slip effects numerically.