There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.

Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

I and i

抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1（PfPMP1）与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用，在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员，通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。

疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]／Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

The semiconductor ZnO has gained substantial interest in the research community in part because of its large exciton binding energy (60meV) which could lead to lasing action based on exciton recombination even above room temperature. Even though research focusing on ZnO goes back many decades, the renewed interest is fueled by availability of high-quality substrates and reports of p-type conduction and ferromagnetic behavior when doped with transitions metals, both of which remain controversial. It is this renewed interest in ZnO which forms the basis of this review. As mentioned already, ZnO is not new to the semiconductor field, with studies of its lattice parameter dating back to 1935 by Bunn [Proc. Phys. Soc. London 47, 836 (1935)], studies of its vibrational properties with Raman scattering in 1966 by Damen et al. [Phys. Rev. 142, 570 (1966)], detailed optical studies in 1954 by Mollwo [Z. Angew. Phys. 6, 257 (1954)], and its growth by chemical-vapor transport in 1970 by Galli and Coker [Appl. Phys. ...

/pdf/a-comprehensive-review-of-zno-materials-and-devices-21a3zjadem.pdf

A comprehensive review of zno materials and devices

Spread Spectrum It’s not just for breakfast anymore! Don't blame me, the title is the work of this month's guest columnist, Steve Bible, N7HPR (n7hpr@tapr.org). While cruising the net recently, I noticed a sudden bump in the number of times Spread Spectrum (SS) techniques were mentioned in the amateur digital areas. While QEX has discussed SS in the past, we haven't touched on it in this forum. Steve was a frequent cogent contributor, so I asked him to give us some background. Steve enlisted in the Navy in 1977 and became a Data Systems Technician, a repairman of shipboard computer systems. In 1985 he was accepted into the Navy’s Enlisted Commissioning Program and attended the University of Utah where he studied computer science. Upon graduation in 1988 he was commissioned an Ensign and entered Nuclear Power School. His subsequent assignment was onboard the USS Georgia, a trident submarine stationed in Bangor, Washington. Today Steve is a Lieutenant and he is completing a master’s degree in computer science at the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California. His areas of interest are digital communications, amateur satellites, VHF/UHF contesting, and QRP. His research area closely follows his interest in amateur radio. His thesis topic is Multihop Packet Radio Routing Protocol Using Dynamic Power Control. Steve is also the AMSAT Area Coordinator for the Monterey Bay area. Here's Steve, I'll have some additional comments at the end.

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/5/31355/01457623.pdf

Digital communications

Fundamentals of Plasmonics.- Electromagnetics of Metals.- Surface Plasmon Polaritons at Metal / Insulator Interfaces.- Excitation of Surface Plasmon Polaritons at Planar Interfaces.- Imaging Surface Plasmon Polariton Propagation.- Localized Surface Plasmons.- Electromagnetic Surface Modes at Low Frequencies.- Applications.- Plasmon Waveguides.- Transmission of Radiation Through Apertures and Films.- Enhancement of Emissive Processes and Nonlinearities.- Spectroscopy and Sensing.- Metamaterials and Imaging with Surface Plasmon Polaritons.- Concluding Remarks.

/pdf/plasmonics-fundamentals-and-applications-4syb9877sr.pdf

Plasmonics: Fundamentals and Applications

The most basic and generic configuration, which consists of a unidirectional coupling between a ring resonator and a waveguide, is considered. The fundamental working equations required to describe the associated power transfer are derived and the application of this geometry to a variety of optical phenomena is discussed. These phenomena include 'add/dropping' of optical beams, add/drop filtering and optical power switching.

/pdf/universal-relations-for-coupling-of-optical-power-between-a46wh78pq6.pdf

Universal relations for coupling of optical power between microresonators and dielectric waveguides

The Wiley Classics Library consists of selected books that have become recognized classics in their respective fields With these new unabridged and inexpensive editions, Wiley hopes to extend the life of these important works by making them available to future generations of mathematicians and scientists

/pdf/optical-waves-in-crystals-propagation-and-control-of-laser-1hq1zgdrsz.pdf

Optical Waves in Crystals: Propagation and Control of Laser Radiation

1. Electromagnetic Fields and Waves 2. Rays and Optical Beams 3. Dielectric Waveguides and Optical Fibers 4. Optical Resonators 5. Interaction of Radiation and Atomic Systems 6. Theory of Laser Oscillation and Some Specific Laser Systems 7. Chromatic Dispersion and Polarization Mode Dispersion in Fibers 8. Nonlinear Optics 9. Electro-Optics and AO modulators 10. Noise in Optical Detection and Generation 11. Detection of Optical Radiation 12. Periodic Structures 13. Waveguide Coupling 14. Nonlinear Optical Effects in Fibers 15. Semiconductor Lasers 16. Advanced Semiconductor Lasers 17. Optical Amplifiers 18. Classical Treatment of Quantum Optics, Quantum Noise, and Squeezing A. WAVE EQUATION IN CYLINDRICAL COORDINATES AND BESSEL FUNCTIONS B. EXACT SOLUTIONS OF THE STEP-INDEX CIRCULAR WAVEGUIDE C. KRAMERS-KRONIG RELATIONS D. TRANSFORMATION OF A COHERENT ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD BY A THIN LENS E. FERMI LEVEL AND ITS TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE F. ELECTRO-OPTIC EFFECT IN CUBIC 43M CRYSTALS G. CONVERSION FOR POWER UNITS AND ATTENUATION UNITS

Photonics : optical electronics in modern communications

Introduction to optical electronics

The possibility of using Bragg reflection in a cylindrical fiber to obtain lossless confined propagation in a core with a lower refractive index than that of the cladding medium is proposed and analyzed.

Amnon Yariv

Papers

Universal relations for coupling of optical power between microresonators and dielectric waveguides

Optical Waves in Crystals: Propagation and Control of Laser Radiation

Photonics : optical electronics in modern communications

Introduction to optical electronics

Theory of Bragg fiber