抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1（PfPMP1）与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用，在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员，通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。

疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]／Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

The 1000 Genomes Project set out to provide a comprehensive description of common human genetic variation by applying whole-genome sequencing to a diverse set of individuals from multiple populations. Here we report completion of the project, having reconstructed the genomes of 2,504 individuals from 26 populations using a combination of low-coverage whole-genome sequencing, deep exome sequencing, and dense microarray genotyping. We characterized a broad spectrum of genetic variation, in total over 88 million variants (84.7 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), 3.6 million short insertions/deletions (indels), and 60,000 structural variants), all phased onto high-quality haplotypes. This resource includes >99% of SNP variants with a frequency of >1% for a variety of ancestries. We describe the distribution of genetic variation across the global sample, and discuss the implications for common disease studies.

https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/downloads/v692t8920

A global reference for human genetic variation.

Large-scale reference data sets of human genetic variation are critical for the medical and functional interpretation of DNA sequence changes. Here we describe the aggregation and analysis of high-quality exome (protein-coding region) DNA sequence data for 60,706 individuals of diverse ancestries generated as part of the Exome Aggregation Consortium (ExAC). This catalogue of human genetic diversity contains an average of one variant every eight bases of the exome, and provides direct evidence for the presence of widespread mutational recurrence. We have used this catalogue to calculate objective metrics of pathogenicity for sequence variants, and to identify genes subject to strong selection against various classes of mutation; identifying 3,230 genes with near-complete depletion of predicted protein-truncating variants, with 72% of these genes having no currently established human disease phenotype. Finally, we demonstrate that these data can be used for the efficient filtering of candidate disease-causing variants, and for the discovery of human 'knockout' variants in protein-coding genes.

/pdf/analysis-of-protein-coding-genetic-variation-in-60-706-43wjw7d23z.pdf

Analysis of protein-coding genetic variation in 60,706 humans

For a long time, superoxide generation by an NADPH oxidase was considered as an oddity only found in professional phagocytes. Over the last years, six homologs of the cytochrome subunit of the phag...

/pdf/the-nox-family-of-ros-generating-nadph-oxidases-physiology-zjc88zvh59.pdf

The NOX Family of ROS-Generating NADPH Oxidases: Physiology and Pathophysiology

BIOE 402. Medical Technology Assessment. 2 or 3 hours. Bioentrepreneur course. Assessment of medical technology in the context of commercialization. Objectives, competition, market share, funding, pricing, manufacturing, growth, and intellectual property; many issues unique to biomedical products. Course Information: 2 undergraduate hours. 3 graduate hours. Prerequisite(s): Junior standing or above and consent of the instructor.

“Bioinformatics” 특집을 내면서

Novel Chromium (III) Supplements and Nutrigenomics Exploration

Global Food Habits and Trends: An Overview

In this research paper, we’ll talk about ALPR technology, which has gained popularity recently because of all the many ways it may be used. The fundamental beneﬁt of this technology is that it may be utilized for a variety of purposes, including travel time analysis, intelligent parking, automated toll collec-tion, intelligent transportation systems in smart cities, and trafﬁc management. Automated License Plate Recognition (ALPR) reads the vehicle’s registration number by ﬁrst using YOLOv4 for object recognition following which we use OpenCV to enlarge the license plate image and identify the character boxes after which we use Tesseract optical character recognition to identify the various characters and form the license plate number. This system uses several image processing methods to recognize automobiles swiftly and automatically in video or picture material. As technology develops quickly with the introduction of machine learning and deep learning, the cost of computing falls, and the accuracy of used image processing methods rises, the usage of ALPR systems is becoming more widespread. In today’s congested trafﬁc system, a license plate detection system is crucial. It aids in monitoring compliance with trafﬁc laws and other law enforcement operations. There are many instances of reckless driving in India when vehicles break several trafﬁc laws. As a result, a license plate detection system has been suggested and put into use throughout the years to assist with quick and simple trafﬁc law enforcement by automobiles. This work offers a powerful method for character localization, segmentation, and identiﬁcation inside the located plate. We are going to utilize tesseract OCR and the YoLo V4 approach to solve the License plate recognition system issue and deliver our suggested system with high accuracy.

https://doi.org/10.47392/irjash.2023.s038

Automatic License Plate Recognition System Using YOLOv4

Man y bioinformatics problems can be tackled from a fresh angle offered by the network perspective. Directly inspired by metabolic network structural studies, we propose an improved gene clustering approach for inferring gene signaling pathways from gene microarray data. Based on the construction of co-expression networks that consists of both significantly linear and nonlinear gene associations together with controlled biological and statistical significance, our approach tends to group functionally related genes into tight clusters despite their expression dissimilarities. We illustrate our approach and compare it to the traditional clustering approaches on a yeast galactose metabolism data set and a retinal gene expression data set. Our approach greatly outperforms the traditional approach in rediscovering the relatively well known galactose metabolism pathway in yeast and in clustering genes of the photoreceptor differentiation pathway. The clustering method has been implemented in an R package “GeneNT” that is freely available from: http://www.cran.org.

Net workconstrainedc lusteringforgene microarraydata

Abstract 2563: Beneficial effects of Furosap® - A novel fenugreek seed extract, in improving lean body mass, fat free mass and serum testosterone level: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double blind clinical investigation

Anand Swaroop

Papers

Novel Chromium (III) Supplements and Nutrigenomics Exploration

Global Food Habits and Trends: An Overview

Automatic License Plate Recognition System Using YOLOv4

Net workconstrainedc lusteringforgene microarraydata

Abstract 2563: Beneficial effects of Furosap® - A novel fenugreek seed extract, in improving lean body mass, fat free mass and serum testosterone level: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double blind clinical investigation