Andreas Focks

TL;DR: Using pig manure amended with different concentrations of sulfadiazine (SDZ), an antibiotic that is frequently used in veterinary medicine, it was possible to affect AOB and AOA to different degrees, indicating functional redundancy between AOA and AOB.

TL;DR: The vision of the international, EU-funded project SOLUTIONS is described, where three routes are explored to link the occurrence of chemical mixtures at specific sites to the assessment of adverse biological combination effects, and comprehensive arrays of effect-based tools and trait-based field observations are explored.

TL;DR: The original idea underlying TRACE was valid, but to make its use more coherent and efficient, an update of its structure and more specific guidance for its use are needed.

TL;DR: A mathematical model was developed that could well explain the time course of sul gene abundance by considering the cost of sul genes, horizontal gene transfer, and selection of the resistant populations in the presence of SDZ.

TL;DR: In both soils treated with sulfadiazine-containing manure, the numbers of copies of sul1 and sul2 significantly increased compared to numbers after treatments with antibiotic-free manure or a control and accumulated with repeated applications.