Showing papers by "Bengt Johansson published in 2019"
TL;DR: There was weak evidence of an increased frequency of acute physician-reported RTOG grade 2 or worse urinary toxicity in the ultra-hypofractionation group at end of radiotherapy, consistent with the physician-evaluated toxicity.
458 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the role of 14 metals and metalloids needed for renewable energy technologies, focusing on three factors with potential geopolitical importance: the geographic concentration of resources, potential revenues of resources rich countries and the size of total global markets.
45 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the sensitivity of combustion stability to the intake air temperature for partially premixed combustion (PPC) was investigated in a full view optical engine at low load condition.
36 citations
09 Sep 2019
TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented the FUELCOM (Fuel Combustion for Advanced Engines), a collaborative research undertaking between Saudi Aramco and KAUST intended to address the fundamental aspects of hydrocarbon fuel combustion in engines, and develop fuel/engine design tools suitable for advance combustion modes.
Abstract: The paper is based upon work supported by Saudi Aramco Research and Development Center FUELCOM 3 program under Master Research Agreement Number 6600024505/01. FUELCOM (Fuel Combustion for Advanced Engines), is a collaborative research undertaking between Saudi Aramco and KAUST intended to address the fundamental aspects of hydrocarbon fuel combustion in engines, and develop fuel/
engine design tools suitable for advance combustion modes.The author would like to thank King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) and the Clean Combustion Research Center (CCRC) for lab facilities and research support. Last but not least, the authors would like to convey gratitudetowards the IC Engine Lab Safety Supervisor Adrian I. Ichim and the lab technician Riyad H. Jambi for their kind input and assistance in performing the experiments.
29 citations
TL;DR: The body composition was altered toward lower skeletal muscle mass in patients with complex CHD, and the women had increased body fat and a higher BMI.
29 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the potential of the multiple-injection strategy along with the intake air temperature sensitivity to promote low-load combustion stability using low-octane gasoline fuel was evaluated in a single-cylinder, compression-ignition engine.
27 citations
University of Gothenburg1, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven2, University of Cape Town3, Oregon Health & Science University4, University Health Network5, University of Bern6, National Taiwan University7, Nationwide Children's Hospital8, Montreal Heart Institute9, National Heart Foundation of Australia10, Oslo University Hospital11, Sahlgrenska University Hospital12, University College West13, Umeå University14, University of Alberta15, Monash University16, Mater Dei Hospital17, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center18, Stanford University19, University of Missouri–St. Louis20, University of Nebraska Medical Center21
TL;DR: Being religious/spiritual and considering religion/spirituality as important in one's life was positively associated with quality of life, satisfaction with life and health behaviors, however, among patients living in more secular countries, religion/Spirituality was negatively associated with physical and mental health.
22 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of the start of injection (SOI), spray-included angle, injection pressure, and spark timing (ST) on in-cylinder flow, fuel distribution, flame propagation, and engine performance are evaluated in detail.
21 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a Cooperative Fuel Research (CFR) engine was operated at lean HCCI conditions (lambda 3), as well as SI conditions at stoichiometry, but at late spark timing to induce LTHR prior to flame propagation.
20 citations
Umeå University1, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven2, University Health Network3, University of Bern4, National Taiwan University5, Nationwide Children's Hospital6, Montreal Heart Institute7, Boston Children's Hospital8, Oslo University Hospital9, University of Gothenburg10, University College West11, University of Alberta12, Monash University13, Mater Dei Hospital14, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center15, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital16, University of Missouri–St. Louis17, University of Nebraska Medical Center18
TL;DR: A significant proportion of patients with CHD did not reach the WHO physical activity recommendations and there was a large variation in physical activity level by country of origin.
19 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the detailed spray-wall interaction in partially premixed combustion (PPC) in an optical engine with a wide-angle injector at low engine load.
Abstract: We investigated the detailed spray–wall interaction in partially premixed combustion (PPC) in an optical engine with a wide-angle injector at low engine load. The fuel-trapping effect of the piston top-land crevice was visualized by fuel-tracer planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) for the first time. In agreement with the fuel distribution shown by PLIF, the combustion region first moves into the squish region and then tends to move back to the piston bowl when advancing the injection timings. Results indicate that a considerable portion of the fuel is trapped in the piston top-land crevice for the cases with injection timings at −30° (SOI-30 case) and −40° (SOI-40 case) crank angle after top dead center. The SOI-40 case with earlier injection timing presents a backflow process of the trapped fuel from the piston top-land crevice to the squish region. However, there is not enough time for the fuel vapor to flow back before the start of combustion for the SOI-30 case, resulting in a relatively lower fuel–air equivalence ratio in the squish region and thus higher CO emission than that of the SOI-40 case. This study provides insights into the fuel distribution characteristics in the piston crevice and the potential effects on the engine emissions under PPC condition.
TL;DR: In comparison with age- and sex-matched controls, adults with complex CHD had slower oxygenation kinetics, which might contribute to the impaired skeletal muscle endurance capacity shown and thereby also to the reduced aerobic capacity in this population.
Children's Hospital of Philadelphia1, University of Cape Town2, Oregon Health & Science University3, University of the Free State4, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven5, National Heart Foundation of Australia6, Oslo University Hospital7, Nationwide Children's Hospital8, Stanford University9, Umeå University10, Sahlgrenska University Hospital11, University of Gothenburg12, Monash University13, Mater Dei Hospital14, University of Nebraska Medical Center15, University of Alberta16, University of Bern17, University of Missouri–St. Louis18, Boston Children's Hospital19, Montreal Heart Institute20, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center21
TL;DR: Fontan patients likely benefit from regular physical activity, having both higher perceived general health and functional capacity; greater perceived health status may contribute to enhanced QOL.
Abstract: Patients with a Fontan circulation are at risk of a sedentary lifestyle. Given the direct relationship between physical activity and health, promotion of physical activity has the potential to impr ...
15 Jan 2019
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the effect of intake temperature on low load limitations of methanol partially premixed combustion by an experimental study and found that the intake temperature affected engine stability, engine performance, and engine emissions.
Abstract: Methanol has unique properties as a fuel, and partially premixed combustion has promising results with high engine efficiency and low emissions. Low load studies with methanol partially premixed combustion are scarce, and the effect of intake temperature on low load methanol partially premixed combustion still remains an intriguing question. This study aims to investigate the effect of intake temperature on low load limitations of methanol partially premixed combustion by an experimental study. The engine was operated at 800 rpm under two different loads. The low load condition was performed at 3 bar Indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP), and the idle condition was commenced at 1 bar IMEP. From the results, it was seen that the intake temperature affected engine stability, engine performance, and engine emissions. The combustion stability decreased with the decrease of intake temperature. The ignition delay became longer and the peak cylinder pressure became smaller with lower intake temperature. The combustion efficiency reduced with the decrease of intake temperature from 0.99 to 0.96 at 3 bar IMEP, whereas it decreased from 0.99 to 0.98 at 1 bar IMEP for the single injection case and the split injection case. The thermodynamic efficiency remained constant at 0.43 at 3 bar IMEP, decreased from 0.30 to 0.28 at 1 bar IMEP for the single injection case, and reduced from 0.26 to 0.24 at 1 bar IMEP for the split injection case. The gross indicated efficiency increased from 0.41 to 0.42 at 3 bar IMEP, whereas it reduced from 0.29 to 0.28 and 0.26-0.24 at 1 bar IMEP at single injection and split injection, respectively. Total hydrocarbon emission increased, NOX emission decreased or remained constant, and CO emission remained constant with the decrease in intake temperature. Finally, the combustion phasing study was performed at 1 bar IMEP at constant intake temperature to determine the effect of the start of injection timing on the engine's performance and the emissions under the idle condition.
Katholieke Universiteit Leuven1, University of Missouri–St. Louis2, Oregon Health & Science University3, Baylor University4, University of Bern5, National Taiwan University6, Nationwide Children's Hospital7, Montreal Heart Institute8, Boston Children's Hospital9, National Heart Foundation of Australia10, Oslo University Hospital11, University of Gothenburg12, Umeå University13, University of Alberta14, Monash University15, Mater Dei Hospital16, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center17, Stanford University18, University of Milan19, University of Nebraska Medical Center20, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center21
TL;DR: Sport participation is independently associated with reduced depressive symptoms and the development and promotion of sport-related exercise prescriptions uniquely designed for ACHD may improve depression status in this unique population.
Katholieke Universiteit Leuven1, University of the Free State2, Research Foundation - Flanders3, Oregon Health & Science University4, University of Toronto5, University of Bern6, Bosch7, Oslo University Hospital8, University of Gothenburg9, Sahlgrenska University Hospital10, University College West11, Umeå University12, Mater Dei Hospital13, University of Milan14, University of Cape Town15
TL;DR: Several features of healthcare system performance are associated with perceived physical health and health risk behaviour in adults with congenital heart disease in a large sample of adults from eight European countries.
Abstract: Background: Inter-country variation in patient-reported outcomes of adults with congenital heart disease has been observed. Country-specific characteristics may play a role. A previous study found ...
TL;DR: The self-reported instrument overestimated PAL in relation to objective measurements, however, with a high negative predictive value, IPAQ is a potentially useful tool for detecting patients with insufficient PAL.
Katholieke Universiteit Leuven1, University of the Free State2, Oregon Health & Science University3, University Health Network4, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia5, University Hospital of Bern6, University of Amsterdam7, Bosch8, National Taiwan University9, Nationwide Children's Hospital10, Montreal Heart Institute11, Boston Children's Hospital12, National Heart Foundation of Australia13, Oslo University Hospital14, University of Gothenburg15, Sahlgrenska University Hospital16, University College West17, Umeå University18, University of Alberta19, Monash University20, Mater Dei Hospital21, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center22, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital23, University of Missouri–St. Louis24, University of Milan25, Johns Hopkins University26, University of Nebraska Medical Center27
TL;DR: Significant intercountry variability in cigarette and cannabis use in adults with CHD is found, with Switzerland having the highest prevalence for smoking cigarettes and Canada the highest for cannabis use.
02 Apr 2019
TL;DR: Exercise training plus a Paleolithic diet reduced myocardial triglycerides levels and improved left ventricle remodeling in overweight/obese subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Abstract: Background: The accumulation of myocardial triglycerides and remodeling of the left ventricle are common features in type 2 diabetes mellitus and represent potential risk factors for the developmen ...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined hydrogen combustion in an HCCI engine comparing hydrogen with isooctane, and found that hydrogen autoignites more easily than isoctane despite its higher octane number.
02 Apr 2019
TL;DR: A high ratio between eG FRcystatin C and eGFRcreatinine was associated with lower risk for surgery for AS, especially in women, and mild impairment of renal function is thus associated with future risk for AS requiring surgery.
Abstract: Introduction Renal insufficiency is a known risk factor for cardiovascular disease. However, it is unknown if early impairment in renal function is associated with increased risk for aortic stenosi ...
09 Sep 2019
TL;DR: The authors would like to thank the N.A.C.E. consortium in Tsukuba, Japan for funding and support in terms of experimental setup and the Clean Combustion Research Center at KAUST for support and funding.
Abstract: The authors would like to thank the N.A.C.E. consortium in Tsukuba, Japan for funding and support in terms of experimental setup. The authors would further like to thank the Clean Combustion Research Center at KAUST for support and funding.
15 Jan 2019
TL;DR: The authors would like to thank Dr. Georgios Markomanolis at KAUST Supercomputing Laboratory for helpful guidance in postprocessing, Arne Andersson at Volvo Trucks Sweden for helpful comments, and Nhut Lam at Lund University for providing the experimental data for model validation.
Abstract: This work was sponsored by King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST). The simulations in this work were performed with the computing resources at the KAUST Supercomputing Laboratories. The authors would like to thank Dr. Georgios Markomanolis at KAUST Supercomputing Laboratory for helpful guidance in postprocessing, Dr. Arne Andersson at Volvo Trucks Sweden for helpful comments, and Mr. Nhut Lam at Lund University for providing the experimental data for model validation.
01 Jan 2019
TL;DR: In this article, a review of the current and prospective regulations targeted at curbing transportation-based CO2 emissions is presented, where the compliance options for these regulations are evaluated using a combination of fuels, engines, and hybridization in each transportation sector.
Abstract: The transportation sector accounts for around a quarter of global CO2 emissions and is powered predominantly by fossil-derived fuels. The regulatory framework is evolving globally to more stringent requirements for fuel efficiency and CO2 emissions, forcing the OEMs to adopt advanced powertrain technologies. Such changes are more evident in the light-duty road transportation sector compared to the heavy-duty road, marine and air transportation sectors. Here, a holistic review of the current and prospective regulations targeted at curbing transportation-based CO2 emissions is presented. For road transport, these include various government- and state-level policy initiatives such as the Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) and CO2 emission standards and the zero emission mandates. For marine and aviation sectors, these include the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) regulations and aspirations targeted at reducing the CO2 footprint. The compliance options for these regulations are evaluated using a combination of fuels, engines, and hybridization in each transportation sector. Furthermore, a brief overview of how OEMs are working toward achieving these targets is presented. An overview of several advanced spark and compression ignition engine technologies with the potential to improve the fuel economy and CO2 emissions is presented. Finally, an overview of major disruptions that are changing the road-based transportation is presented and a balanced life cycle based policy approach is advocated.
19 Dec 2019
TL;DR: Arterial hypertension and elevated diastolic blood pressure are associated with a risk for aortic stenosis requiring surgery in subjects below 60 years of age and strict blood pressure control in this group is strongly advocated to avoid other cardiovascular diseases correlated to hypertension.
Abstract: OBJECTIVES: Due to age-related differences in aortic valve structure, it is likely that the pathophysiology of aortic stenosis (AS) and associated risk factors differ between age groups. Here we pr ...
TL;DR: This novel program offers a usable methodology for further studies on supramaximal HIT among older individuals with different levels of physical capacity and should be explored in various populations of older people and their experiences and long-term adherence compared with other forms of training.
Abstract: Background: High-intensity training (HIT) with extremely short intervals (designated here as supramaximal HIT) is a time-efficient training method for health and performance. However, a protocol fo ...