Eberhard Wieland

TL;DR: It is concluded that considerable advances in the different fields of tacrolimus monitoring have been achieved during this last decade, and the Expert Committee concludes that Continued efforts should focus on the opportunities to implement in clinical routine the combination of new standardized PK approaches with PG, and valid biomarkers to further personalize tacolimus therapy and to improve long-term outcomes for treated patients.

TL;DR: This review summarizes the most recent evidence concerning biologic and toxicologic effects of acyl glucuronide metabolites of various drugs and discusses their relevance for drug monitoring.

TL;DR: Results suggest that M‐1 is the 7‐OH glucose conjugate of MPA; M‐2 is the acyl glucuronide conjugates of M PA; and M‐3 is derived from the hepatic CYP450 system.

TL;DR: The development of monitoring strategies for this drug appears to be promising, with the ability of predose levels or AUC(0-12h) to discriminate between cases with no complications and those with acute rejection, adverse events, or gastrointestinal disorders observed during the early posttransplant course confirmed.

TL;DR: Investigations of the formation of these metabolites by human liver, kidney, and intestinal microsomes, as well as by recombinant UDP‐glucuronosyltransferases show extrahepatic tissues particularly the kidney may play a significant role in the overall biotransformation of MPA in man.