This article provides an update on the global cancer burden using the GLOBOCAN 2020 estimates of cancer incidence and mortality produced by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Worldwide, an estimated 19.3 million new cancer cases (18.1 million excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) and almost 10.0 million cancer deaths (9.9 million excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) occurred in 2020. Female breast cancer has surpassed lung cancer as the most commonly diagnosed cancer, with an estimated 2.3 million new cases (11.7%), followed by lung (11.4%), colorectal (10.0 %), prostate (7.3%), and stomach (5.6%) cancers. Lung cancer remained the leading cause of cancer death, with an estimated 1.8 million deaths (18%), followed by colorectal (9.4%), liver (8.3%), stomach (7.7%), and female breast (6.9%) cancers. Overall incidence was from 2-fold to 3-fold higher in transitioned versus transitioning countries for both sexes, whereas mortality varied <2-fold for men and little for women. Death rates for female breast and cervical cancers, however, were considerably higher in transitioning versus transitioned countries (15.0 vs 12.8 per 100,000 and 12.4 vs 5.2 per 100,000, respectively). The global cancer burden is expected to be 28.4 million cases in 2040, a 47% rise from 2020, with a larger increase in transitioning (64% to 95%) versus transitioned (32% to 56%) countries due to demographic changes, although this may be further exacerbated by increasing risk factors associated with globalization and a growing economy. Efforts to build a sustainable infrastructure for the dissemination of cancer prevention measures and provision of cancer care in transitioning countries is critical for global cancer control.

https://acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.3322/caac.21660

Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries.

抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1（PfPMP1）与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用，在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员，通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。

疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]／Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

EASL-EORTC clinical practice guidelines : management of hepatocellular carcinoma

UniProt: A worldwide hub of protein knowledge

KEGG(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes)〔和文〕 (特集 ゲノム医学の現在と未来--基礎と臨床) -- (データベース)

Prospective Evidence That Hepatocellular Carcinoma Surveillance in Patients with Compensated Viral Cirrhosis Increases the Probability of Curative Treatment and Survival Taking into Account Lead-Time Bias (Anrs Co12 Cirvir Cohort)

Objectif et methodes. - Nous avons etudie de facon prospective la signification clinique et virologique de la detection des antigenes pre-S dans le serum de malades atteints d'infection chronique par le virus de l'hepatite B. Quatre cent trente-sept echantillons de serum successifs, provenant de 116 malades, ont ete testes pour l'antigene pre-S1 et l'antigene pre-S2 a l'aide d'une methode radio-immunologique utilisant des anticorps monoclonaux specifiques. Nous avons determine le rapport antigene pre-S/antigene HBs qui permet d'estimer le nombre d'epitopes pre-S exprimes a la surface des particules virales circulantes. Resultats. - Le rapport antigene pre-S1/antigene HBs etait correle de facon positive avec l'intensite de la replication virale evaluee a l'aide du dosage de l'ADN polymerase virale (P < 0,05). Le rapport antigene pre-S1/antigene HBs etait le plus eleve chez les malades atteints d'hepatite chronique en phase de replication virale active (24% ± 13) ; chez les malades anti-HBe positifs, le rapport antigene pre-S1/antigene HBs etait plus eleve chez les malades repliquant un variant antigene HBe negatif du virus B et atteints d'hepatite chronique (17 % ± 9) que chez les porteurs asymptomatiques de l'antigene HBs (5 % ± 6) (P < 0,05). Le rapport antigene pre-S2/antigene HBs n'etait pas correle avec l'intensite de la replication virale ni avec la situation clinique des malades. Conclusion. - Cette etude confirme que l'antigene pre-S1 represente un marqueur de replication virale, de detection aisee chez les malades atteints d'infection chronique par le virus B. Ce test permet aussi de depister, chez les malades positifs pour l'anticorps anti-HBe, ceux qui repliquent un virus B mutant pouvant eventuellement beneficier d'un traitement par interferon.

[Clinical and virological evaluation of the detection of pre-S1 and pre-S2 antigens in serum from patients with chronic hepatitis B].

P0328 : Incidence, characteristics and determinants of primary liver cancer occurring during surveillance of compensated HCV cirrhosis according to sustained virological response (ANRS CO12 CirVir)

Fabien Zoulim

Papers

Prospective Evidence That Hepatocellular Carcinoma Surveillance in Patients with Compensated Viral Cirrhosis Increases the Probability of Curative Treatment and Survival Taking into Account Lead-Time Bias (Anrs Co12 Cirvir Cohort)

[Clinical and virological evaluation of the detection of pre-S1 and pre-S2 antigens in serum from patients with chronic hepatitis B].

P0328 : Incidence, characteristics and determinants of primary liver cancer occurring during surveillance of compensated HCV cirrhosis according to sustained virological response (ANRS CO12 CirVir)

335 hbv inhibits the aim-2 inflammasome in human kupffer cells

Duck Hepatitis B Virus Primary Hepatocyte Culture Model