Ivan Zanoni

TL;DR: This review highlights aspects of cell biology in pattern-recognition receptor signaling by focusing on signals that originate from the cell surface, from endosomal compartments, and from within the cytosol.

TL;DR: It is reported that the plasma membrane localized Pattern Recognition Receptor (PRR) CD14 is required for the microbe-induced endocytosis of TLR4, and this innate immune trafficking cascade illustrates how pathogen detection systems operate to induce both membrane transport and signal transduction.

TL;DR: It is reported that encounters with microbial products and self-encoded oxidized phospholipids (oxPAPC) induce an enhanced DC activation state, which is called “hyperactive” and induce potent adaptive immune responses and are elicited by caspase-11, an enzyme that binds oxP APC and bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS).

TL;DR: It is shown that mouse dendritic cell stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces Src-family kinase and phospholipase Cγ2 activation, influx of extracellular Ca2+ and calcineurin-dependent nuclear NFAT translocation, and LPS-induced NFAT activation via CD14 is necessary to cause the apoptotic death of terminally differentiateddendritic cells.

TL;DR: A strong rationale is provided for rethinking the pathophysiological role of IFN-λ and its possible use in clinical practice against endemic viruses, such as influenza virus as well as the emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection.