다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

[신간의 별자리x] 우리/미술, 그리고 ‘슬픔의 박물관’

Over the past decade, comprehensive sequencing efforts have revealed the genomic landscapes of common forms of human cancer. For most cancer types, this landscape consists of a small number of “mountains” (genes altered in a high percentage of tumors) and a much larger number of “hills” (genes altered infrequently). To date, these studies have revealed ~140 genes that, when altered by intragenic mutations, can promote or “drive” tumorigenesis. A typical tumor contains two to eight of these “driver gene” mutations; the remaining mutations are passengers that confer no selective growth advantage. Driver genes can be classified into 12 signaling pathways that regulate three core cellular processes: cell fate, cell survival, and genome maintenance. A better understanding of these pathways is one of the most pressing needs in basic cancer research. Even now, however, our knowledge of cancer genomes is sufficient to guide the development of more effective approaches for reducing cancer morbidity and mortality.

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Cancer Genome Landscapes

Metamaterials, artificial electromagnetic media that are structured on the subwavelength scale, were initially suggested for the negative-index 'superlens'. Later metamaterials became a paradigm for engineering electromagnetic space and controlling propagation of waves: the field of transformation optics was born. The research agenda is now shifting towards achieving tunable, switchable, nonlinear and sensing functionalities. It is therefore timely to discuss the emerging field of metadevices where we define the devices as having unique and useful functionalities that are realized by structuring of functional matter on the subwavelength scale. In this Review we summarize research on photonic, terahertz and microwave electromagnetic metamaterials and metadevices with functionalities attained through the exploitation of phase-change media, semiconductors, graphene, carbon nanotubes and liquid crystals. The Review also encompasses microelectromechanical metadevices, metadevices engaging the nonlinear and quantum response of superconductors, electrostatic and optomechanical forces and nonlinear metadevices incorporating lumped nonlinear components.

/pdf/from-metamaterials-to-metadevices-4vgaose515.pdf

From metamaterials to metadevices.

Metamaterials are composed of periodic subwavelength metal/dielectric structures that resonantly couple to the electric and/or magnetic components of the incident electromagnetic fields, exhibiting properties that are not found in nature. This class of micro- and nano-structured artificial media have attracted great interest during the past 15 years and yielded ground-breaking electromagnetic and photonic phenomena. However, the high losses and strong dispersion associated with the resonant responses and the use of metallic structures, as well as the difficulty in fabricating the micro- and nanoscale 3D structures, have hindered practical applications of metamaterials. Planar metamaterials with subwavelength thickness, or metasurfaces, consisting of single-layer or few-layer stacks of planar structures, can be readily fabricated using lithography and nanoprinting methods, and the ultrathin thickness in the wave propagation direction can greatly suppress the undesirable losses. Metasurfaces enable a spatially varying optical response (e.g. scattering amplitude, phase, and polarization), mold optical wavefronts into shapes that can be designed at will, and facilitate the integration of functional materials to accomplish active control and greatly enhanced nonlinear response. This paper reviews recent progress in the physics of metasurfaces operating at wavelengths ranging from microwave to visible. We provide an overview of key metasurface concepts such as anomalous reflection and refraction, and introduce metasurfaces based on the Pancharatnam-Berry phase and Huygens' metasurfaces, as well as their use in wavefront shaping and beam forming applications, followed by a discussion of polarization conversion in few-layer metasurfaces and their related properties. An overview of dielectric metasurfaces reveals their ability to realize unique functionalities coupled with Mie resonances and their low ohmic losses. We also describe metasurfaces for wave guidance and radiation control, as well as active and nonlinear metasurfaces. Finally, we conclude by providing our opinions of opportunities and challenges in this rapidly developing research field.

A review of metasurfaces: physics and applications.

In-Situ Ebsd Analysis of Microstructural Evolution and Damage Behavior of Mg-Al-Ca-Mn Alloys with Different Extrusion Ratios

We present a readout circuit for 1 × 64 Nb5N6 microbolometer array detector. The intrinsic average responsivity of the detectors in the array is 650 V/W, and the corresponding noise equivalent power (NEP) is 17 pW/√Hz. Due to the low noise of the detector, we design a low noise readout circuit with 64 channels. The readout integrated circuit (ROIC) is fabricated under CMOS process with 0.18μm design rule, which has built-in bias and adjustable numerical-controlled output current. Differential structure is used for each pixel to boost capacity of resisting disturbance. A multiplexer and the second stage amplifier is followed after the ROIC. It is shown that the ROIC achieves an average gain of ~47dB and a voltage noise spectral density of ~9.34nV/√Hz at 10KHz. The performance of this readout circuit nearly fulfills the requirements for THz array detector. This readout circuit is fit for the detector, which indicates a good way to develop efficient and low-cost THz detector system.

A low noise readout integrated circuit for Nb5N6 microbolometer array detector

In this paper, we review on our recent proposed schemes based on multiple input multiple output (MIMO) and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) techniques so as to raise concerns about the practicability and applicability of futuristic indoor visible light communication (VLC) systems. These works include a precoding method for indoor MIMO-VLC system under the multi-user application scenario, the methods to weaken the correlation between receivers, a time domain reshuffling method for incoherent optical OFDM, and the methods combining OFDM transmission and dimming control pulses. These conceptual designs of VLC systems over indoor lighting infrastructure are feasible in practical VLC applications.

On Practical Considerations for Designing Indoor Visible Light Communication Systems

The invention relates to a silicon carbide ceramic microwave reference source. The silicon carbide ceramic microwave reference source is prepared through a raw material which is a SiC based ceramic material, wherein the SiC based ceramic material comprises a SiC material which is treated as a base material, and a doping agent which is at least one of B, B4C and A1N, and a second-phase material which is at least one of C, MgO, Al2O3, SiO2, CuO, NiO, CoO, Cr2O3, ZrO2, MnO2, Y2O3, Fe2O3, MoSi2 and Si, wherein the content of the SiC base material is not less than 80wt%; the content of the doping agent is 0-5wt%; the content of the second-phase material is 0-15wt%; and the sum of all components in percentage by mass is 100%; and the contents of the doping agent and the second-phase material arenot 0 at the same time.

Jian Chen

Papers

In-Situ Ebsd Analysis of Microstructural Evolution and Damage Behavior of Mg-Al-Ca-Mn Alloys with Different Extrusion Ratios

A low noise readout integrated circuit for Nb5N6 microbolometer array detector

On Practical Considerations for Designing Indoor Visible Light Communication Systems

Silicon carbide ceramic microwave reference source

Magnetic properties of single crystal EuPt2As2