다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

[신간의 별자리x] 우리/미술, 그리고 ‘슬픔의 박물관’

Over the past decade, comprehensive sequencing efforts have revealed the genomic landscapes of common forms of human cancer. For most cancer types, this landscape consists of a small number of “mountains” (genes altered in a high percentage of tumors) and a much larger number of “hills” (genes altered infrequently). To date, these studies have revealed ~140 genes that, when altered by intragenic mutations, can promote or “drive” tumorigenesis. A typical tumor contains two to eight of these “driver gene” mutations; the remaining mutations are passengers that confer no selective growth advantage. Driver genes can be classified into 12 signaling pathways that regulate three core cellular processes: cell fate, cell survival, and genome maintenance. A better understanding of these pathways is one of the most pressing needs in basic cancer research. Even now, however, our knowledge of cancer genomes is sufficient to guide the development of more effective approaches for reducing cancer morbidity and mortality.

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Cancer Genome Landscapes

Metamaterials, artificial electromagnetic media that are structured on the subwavelength scale, were initially suggested for the negative-index 'superlens'. Later metamaterials became a paradigm for engineering electromagnetic space and controlling propagation of waves: the field of transformation optics was born. The research agenda is now shifting towards achieving tunable, switchable, nonlinear and sensing functionalities. It is therefore timely to discuss the emerging field of metadevices where we define the devices as having unique and useful functionalities that are realized by structuring of functional matter on the subwavelength scale. In this Review we summarize research on photonic, terahertz and microwave electromagnetic metamaterials and metadevices with functionalities attained through the exploitation of phase-change media, semiconductors, graphene, carbon nanotubes and liquid crystals. The Review also encompasses microelectromechanical metadevices, metadevices engaging the nonlinear and quantum response of superconductors, electrostatic and optomechanical forces and nonlinear metadevices incorporating lumped nonlinear components.

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From metamaterials to metadevices.

Metamaterials are composed of periodic subwavelength metal/dielectric structures that resonantly couple to the electric and/or magnetic components of the incident electromagnetic fields, exhibiting properties that are not found in nature. This class of micro- and nano-structured artificial media have attracted great interest during the past 15 years and yielded ground-breaking electromagnetic and photonic phenomena. However, the high losses and strong dispersion associated with the resonant responses and the use of metallic structures, as well as the difficulty in fabricating the micro- and nanoscale 3D structures, have hindered practical applications of metamaterials. Planar metamaterials with subwavelength thickness, or metasurfaces, consisting of single-layer or few-layer stacks of planar structures, can be readily fabricated using lithography and nanoprinting methods, and the ultrathin thickness in the wave propagation direction can greatly suppress the undesirable losses. Metasurfaces enable a spatially varying optical response (e.g. scattering amplitude, phase, and polarization), mold optical wavefronts into shapes that can be designed at will, and facilitate the integration of functional materials to accomplish active control and greatly enhanced nonlinear response. This paper reviews recent progress in the physics of metasurfaces operating at wavelengths ranging from microwave to visible. We provide an overview of key metasurface concepts such as anomalous reflection and refraction, and introduce metasurfaces based on the Pancharatnam-Berry phase and Huygens' metasurfaces, as well as their use in wavefront shaping and beam forming applications, followed by a discussion of polarization conversion in few-layer metasurfaces and their related properties. An overview of dielectric metasurfaces reveals their ability to realize unique functionalities coupled with Mie resonances and their low ohmic losses. We also describe metasurfaces for wave guidance and radiation control, as well as active and nonlinear metasurfaces. Finally, we conclude by providing our opinions of opportunities and challenges in this rapidly developing research field.

A review of metasurfaces: physics and applications.

The uncertainty of wind power and demand brings challenges to the secure and economic operation of integrated energy system (IES). In order to effectively deal with the uncertainty, this paper proposes an intra-day multi-time-scale hierarchical rolling scheduling strategy based on model predictive control for IES. First, the mathematical model of the IES is constructed. Then, source-demand uncertainty model is established through fuzzy chance constraints. Finally, according to the response characteristics of heat, gas and electricity, intra-day multi-time-scale hierarchical optimization strategy of integrated energy system is proposed to handle prediction errors layer by layer. The simulation results show that the proposed scheduling model takes into account risks and costs by reasonably selecting confidence level, and smooths fluctuations of different systems by using multi-time-scale.

Intra-day Multi-time-scale Hierarchical Rolling Scheduling of Integrated Energy System Considering Uncertainty

This article mainly introduces our research group’s latest progress in THz camera. Nb 5 N 6 film is a THz sensitive material and has a significant prospect in THz detection. We use this material to fabricate an antenna coupled microbolometer THz detector array at room temperature, and integrated 180 nm CMOS process readout circuit. The THz camera has a resolution of 32×32, pixel size of 250×250 μm, frame rate of 30, working range is 0.25-1 THz. Compared with the type of pyro-electric infrared camera, below 1 THz terahertz spectrum has significant advantages, with a higher response rate and a lower NEP.

An Nb 5 N 6 microbolometer THz camera

Frequency domain anti-flickering in visible light communication system

In the current complex electronic countermeasures environment, the antenna greatly restricts the performance of the aircraft. A ferrite reconfigurable stealth antenna based on electromagnetic bandgap structure is designed in this paper. By controlling the intensity or position of the bias magnetic field of the ferrite, the frequency band and pattern of the antenna can be reconstructed, and the radar cross section is reduced. Therefore, the antenna can be used in aircraft to achieve better performance.

Reconfigurable Stealth Antenna Based On Electromagnetic Bandgap

Unified power flow controller (UPFC in short) plays an important role in solving power flow control problems, however the control effect is greatly affected by UPFC location and device capacity. In order to increase available transmission capacity and reduce investment costs, this paper proposes a novel hybrid intelligent algorithm for UPFC location and capacity configuration. Based on device features and economic benefits, chaotic evolutionary algorithm (CEA in short) is designed as a framework, while primal-dual interior point method (PDIPM in short) is utilized to process continuous variables and evaluate population fitness. The simulation results of an actual grid system verify the accuracy and efficiency of the algorithm mentioned above.

Jian Chen

Papers

Intra-day Multi-time-scale Hierarchical Rolling Scheduling of Integrated Energy System Considering Uncertainty

An Nb 5 N 6 microbolometer THz camera

Frequency domain anti-flickering in visible light communication system

Reconfigurable Stealth Antenna Based On Electromagnetic Bandgap

Locating and sizing of UPFC based on hybrid intelligent algorithm