다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

[신간의 별자리x] 우리/미술, 그리고 ‘슬픔의 박물관’

Over the past decade, comprehensive sequencing efforts have revealed the genomic landscapes of common forms of human cancer. For most cancer types, this landscape consists of a small number of “mountains” (genes altered in a high percentage of tumors) and a much larger number of “hills” (genes altered infrequently). To date, these studies have revealed ~140 genes that, when altered by intragenic mutations, can promote or “drive” tumorigenesis. A typical tumor contains two to eight of these “driver gene” mutations; the remaining mutations are passengers that confer no selective growth advantage. Driver genes can be classified into 12 signaling pathways that regulate three core cellular processes: cell fate, cell survival, and genome maintenance. A better understanding of these pathways is one of the most pressing needs in basic cancer research. Even now, however, our knowledge of cancer genomes is sufficient to guide the development of more effective approaches for reducing cancer morbidity and mortality.

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Cancer Genome Landscapes

Metamaterials, artificial electromagnetic media that are structured on the subwavelength scale, were initially suggested for the negative-index 'superlens'. Later metamaterials became a paradigm for engineering electromagnetic space and controlling propagation of waves: the field of transformation optics was born. The research agenda is now shifting towards achieving tunable, switchable, nonlinear and sensing functionalities. It is therefore timely to discuss the emerging field of metadevices where we define the devices as having unique and useful functionalities that are realized by structuring of functional matter on the subwavelength scale. In this Review we summarize research on photonic, terahertz and microwave electromagnetic metamaterials and metadevices with functionalities attained through the exploitation of phase-change media, semiconductors, graphene, carbon nanotubes and liquid crystals. The Review also encompasses microelectromechanical metadevices, metadevices engaging the nonlinear and quantum response of superconductors, electrostatic and optomechanical forces and nonlinear metadevices incorporating lumped nonlinear components.

/pdf/from-metamaterials-to-metadevices-4vgaose515.pdf

From metamaterials to metadevices.

Metamaterials are composed of periodic subwavelength metal/dielectric structures that resonantly couple to the electric and/or magnetic components of the incident electromagnetic fields, exhibiting properties that are not found in nature. This class of micro- and nano-structured artificial media have attracted great interest during the past 15 years and yielded ground-breaking electromagnetic and photonic phenomena. However, the high losses and strong dispersion associated with the resonant responses and the use of metallic structures, as well as the difficulty in fabricating the micro- and nanoscale 3D structures, have hindered practical applications of metamaterials. Planar metamaterials with subwavelength thickness, or metasurfaces, consisting of single-layer or few-layer stacks of planar structures, can be readily fabricated using lithography and nanoprinting methods, and the ultrathin thickness in the wave propagation direction can greatly suppress the undesirable losses. Metasurfaces enable a spatially varying optical response (e.g. scattering amplitude, phase, and polarization), mold optical wavefronts into shapes that can be designed at will, and facilitate the integration of functional materials to accomplish active control and greatly enhanced nonlinear response. This paper reviews recent progress in the physics of metasurfaces operating at wavelengths ranging from microwave to visible. We provide an overview of key metasurface concepts such as anomalous reflection and refraction, and introduce metasurfaces based on the Pancharatnam-Berry phase and Huygens' metasurfaces, as well as their use in wavefront shaping and beam forming applications, followed by a discussion of polarization conversion in few-layer metasurfaces and their related properties. An overview of dielectric metasurfaces reveals their ability to realize unique functionalities coupled with Mie resonances and their low ohmic losses. We also describe metasurfaces for wave guidance and radiation control, as well as active and nonlinear metasurfaces. Finally, we conclude by providing our opinions of opportunities and challenges in this rapidly developing research field.

A review of metasurfaces: physics and applications.

In indoor visible light positioning systems, indoor reflections in different room size will cause different impact on positioning accuracy. In this work, we investigate the RSS-based positioning errors with different room size. Results show that when the room size increases, positioning accuracy is becoming higher. When room size reaches 15m*15m*3m, the maximum positioning error due to non-line-of-sight (NLOS) is only 1 mm worse than that for line-of-sight (LOS) case. Thus, if room size exceeds this value, we can ignore NLOS effect. We also considered the effect of LED half power angle and receiver field-of-view changes on maximum positioning error. Results show that the former has greater impact on positioning.

Study of NLOS effect on Indoor Visible Light Positioning in Different Room Sizes

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-6668/ab5e13/pdf

Series YBCO grain boundary Josephson junctions as a terahertz harmonic mixer

In order to evaluate the effect that the existence of small coherent NbC precipitates in austenitic matrix greatly influences the shape memory recovery, seven FeMnSiCrNi shape memory alloys containing (0.1∼0.5%) NbC and (3∼5%) Si have been prepared and investigated in this paper. The result shows that solution-aging treatment correlated with the NbC precipitates and the Si content is the most important to the shape memory effect. Among these alloys, the shape memory recovery rate with 0.5% NbC and 3%Si addition is the lowest. The best result has been achieved in the Fe14Mn5Si9Cr5Ni0.5NbC alloy by solution treated at 1200°C for lOh and then aging at 800°C for 6h. Under 5% deformation, its shape memory recovery rate is up to about 3.7%, which is comparable of the result of thermomechanical cycle. The NbC precipitates were observed by TEM in the paper. Its influence and mechanism on shape memory effect and the relationship between the second phase precipitates and the resultant good shape memory are discussed in details. The pre-requirement for the FeMnSiCrNi alloy to get training free has been proposed.

The influence and its mechanism of NbC precipitates on the shape memory effect of Fe-Mn-Si-Cr-Ni shape memory alloy

Aminopolymer Confined in Ethane‐Silica Nanotubes for CO2 Capture from Ambient Air

We synthesized a series of Nb2Pd1-xRuxS5 polycrystalline samples by a solid-state reaction method and systematically investigated the Ru-doping effect on superconductivity by transport and magnetic measurements. It is found that superconductivity is enhanced with Ru doping and is quite robust upon disorder. Hall coefficient measurements indicate that the charge transport is dominated by hole-type charge carriers similar to the case of Ir doping, suggesting multi-band superconductivity. Upon Ru or Ir doping, Hc2/Tc exhibits a significant enhancement, exceeding the Pauli paramagnetic limit value by a factor of approximately 4. A comparison of Tc and the upper critical field (Hc2) amongst the different doping elements on Pd site, reveals a significant role of spin–orbit coupling.

Jian Chen

Papers

Study of NLOS effect on Indoor Visible Light Positioning in Different Room Sizes

Series YBCO grain boundary Josephson junctions as a terahertz harmonic mixer

The influence and its mechanism of NbC precipitates on the shape memory effect of Fe-Mn-Si-Cr-Ni shape memory alloy

Aminopolymer Confined in Ethane‐Silica Nanotubes for CO2 Capture from Ambient Air

Enhanced superconductivity in hole-doped Nb 2 PdS 5