Showing papers by "Kamaruzzaman Sopian published in 2018"
TL;DR: In this article, a review of heat transfer enhancement techniques between phase change material (PCM) and the heat transfer fluid (HTF) based on the application of fins embedded in the PCM is presented.
Abstract: The continuous increase in the level of green-house gas emissions and the depletion of fossil fuels are identified, as the major driving forces behind efforts to effectively utilize different sources of renewable energy. Solar energy considered one of the most prospective sources of this energy. This review paper mainly focuses on the majority of heat-transfer enhancement techniques between the phase-change material (PCM) and the heat-transfer fluid (HTF) based on the application of fins embedded in the PCM. This study also investigated the geometrical dimensions, dimensionless numbers, and fin location through numerical and experimental works conducted to assess the influences of these parameters on the thermal performance of PCM-latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) containers. The best enhancement is achieved using the longitudinal finned configurations because of its easy design and fabrication, especially along circumference of the cylindrical PCM containers. The circular-finned tube was also more effective than the pinned-tube for different shell and tube. PCMs based on heat sinks with internal pin fins were widely used for the thermal management of various pieces of electronic products. The heat enhancement factor was effectively dependent on increasing the numbers and dimensions of these fins. Further researches still require to explore the possible geometrical designs of fins and their key findings, which have more effect on the thermal performance of the finned-LHTES system.
248 citations
TL;DR: In this article, three impact assessment methods in LCA were reviewed and summarized, namely, cumulative energy demand (CED), energy payback time (EPBT), and GHG emission rate, based on data and information published in the literature.
Abstract: Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a comprehensive method used to investigate the environmental impacts and energy use of a product throughout its entire life cycle. For solar photovoltaic (PV) technologies, LCA studies need to be conducted to address environmental and energy issues and foster the development of PV technologies in a sustainable manner. This paper reviews and analyzes LCA studies on solar PV technologies, such as silicon, thin film, dye-sensitized solar cell, perovskite solar cell, and quantum dot-sensitized solar cell. The PV life cycle assumes a cradle-to-grave mechanism, starting from the extraction of raw materials until the disposal or recycling of the solar PV. Three impact assessment methods in LCA were reviewed and summarized, namely, cumulative energy demand (CED), energy payback time (EPBT), and GHG emission rate, based on data and information published in the literature. LCA results show that mono-crystalline silicon PV technology has the highest energy consumption, longest EPBT, and highest greenhouse gas emissions rate compared with other solar PV technologies.
217 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a Photovoltaic/Thermal (PV/T) system was proposed, built and tested, and three various types of cooling were proposed: tank filled with water and water flows through the cooling pipes, tank with PCM/nanoSiC and nanofluid (water-SiC) flows through cooling pipes; the results indicate that the output of the network is in good agreement with the experimental results and published works.
135 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a steady state energy analysis was performed on a photovoltaic thermal (PVT) collector with ∇-groove and the energy balance equation was obtained using the analytical and the matrix inversion methods.
99 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the performance assessment of photovoltaic thermal (PV/T) converters using Silicon carbide (SiC) nanofluid is employed in the cooling application of a PV/T system.
95 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the phase change material (PCM) was entirely solidified using the both-sides freezing, as a main method under the influence of average discharging temperature was at 65°C.
87 citations
TL;DR: A novel control algorithm for the home energy management system (HEMS) to monitor and schedule the electrical appliances to apply in any conventional houses to reduce the electricity consumption and consequently electricity cost in places with time-of-use (TOU) pricing model is investigated.
84 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors presented the concepts and descriptions of thermoelectric (TE) air collectors and a theoretical study of PVT-TE air collectors was performed and solved using iterative process based on the matrix inversion method.
Abstract: Photovoltaic–thermal (PVT) collectors can generate electrical and thermal energy simultaneously. The combination of these two technologies can reduce the required space, time installation and use of materials. PVT air collector present increased total efficiency by increasing solar radiation amount. This review presents the concepts and descriptions, as well as previous works conducted on thermoelectric (TE). A theoretical study of PVT-TE air collectors is also performed. Mathematical models are proposed and solved using iterative process based on the matrix inversion method. An improvement in energy yields can be obtained using TE solar collector technology because TE devices increase the energy conversion efficiency of the system. The annual cost (AC) and annual energy gain (AEG) of PVT-TE air collectors are determined. The cost–benefit ratio or AC per AEG (AC/AEG) is presented for different combinations of mass flow rate and number of TE to increase the feasibility of users in selecting the optimal design features that correspond to minimum AC/AEG.
66 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a grid-connected photovoltaic thermal (GCPVT) system with nanofluid as base fluid is carried out to evaluate the electrical and thermal performance of PV/T. This system was installed, tested and data has been collected in the green innovation and technology park in UKM, Bangi.
62 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the flat plate deflector is used as a power augmentation device placed at the lower upstream of a micro H-rotor VAWT to induce high velocity wind at the near-wake region.
62 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of the type of nanoparticles added (SiC, CuO, and Al2O3) and base fluids (water, glycerin, and ethylene glycol) on the convection heat transfer of a hybrid photovoltaic thermal (PV/T) system was examined.
TL;DR: In this paper, the performance and economic analyses on solar-assisted heat pump fluidized bed dryer integrated with biomass furnace for rice drying were discussed. But the authors focused on the performance of the dryer and did not consider the economic aspects.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the productivity and utilisation of the PV using yield and capacity factors (CFs), respectively, and the cost of energy and payback period has been calculated.
Abstract: In this study, the techno-economic assessment of GCPVT with nanofluid has been investigated based on theoretical and experimental work in Malaysia. The productivity and utilisation of the PV have been investigated using yield and capacity factors (CFs), respectively. Also, the cost of energy and payback period has been calculated. The system installed, tested, and data have been collected. Evaluation of the system in terms of current, voltage, power and efficiency are presented. The average daily ambient temperature and total global solar energy in Kuala Lumpur are 38.89°C and 4062 Wh/m2, respectively. MATLAB software is used to analyse the measured data. The assessment results show that the GCPVT system has annual yield factor, CF, the cost of energy; payback period, and efficiency are (128.34–183.75) kWh/kWp, (17.82–25.52)%, 0.196 USD/kWh, 7–8 years and 9.1%, respectively. This study indicates that the GCPVT system with nanofluid improved the PV technical and economic performance.
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of fabrication method on the structure and morphology, as well as the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability of perovskite solar cells is summarized.
Abstract: Organolead trihalide perovskite absorber layers are potential contenders in solar energy harvesting technologies because of their competitive lower fabrication cost, high power conversion efficiency, and ease of processing. The structural, interfacial and morphological properties are the key aspects to determine the stability and photon-to-current conversion efficiency of Perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Most contemporary research has emphasised on enhancing the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskites by changing the fabrication process, solvent engineering, or precursor solution. With changes in these variables, the structure and morphology of perovskites also change, which affects the photon-to-current conversion efficiency and the stability of the PSCs. However, no stockpiled records have aided in conducting corresponding research outcomes on this perspective. In this review, we summarise the effect of fabrication method on the structure and morphology, as well as the PCE and stability of PSCs. This review will help readers decipher the scientific and technological challenges concerning hybrid inorganic–organic PSCs.
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of the natural dust and the effects of environmental parameters on PV performance was investigated and a model for the current, voltage, power and efficiency was proposed.
Abstract: The accumulation of dust pollution on the photovoltaic (PV) module can have a significant effect on the productivity and efficiency of PV systems in different locations in the world. Dust which accumulated over time on the PV module and is based on weather conditions led to the reduction in the effectiveness of solar cells. The aim of this research was to experimentally investigate the effect of the natural dust and the effects of environmental parameters on PV performance. The experiments were conducted to propose a model for the current, voltage, power and efficiency and to simulate the effect of environmental parameters on PV performance. The natural dust investigated consisted of different compounds: SiO2 (45.53 %), CaO (24.62 %), Al2O3 (10.83 %), Fe2O3 (10.46 %), MgO (6.33 %), K2O (0.87 %), TiO2 (0.45 %), SO3 (0.24 %), MnO2 (0.21), Cr2O3 (0.23 %), SrO (0.13 %) and NiO (0.09 %). It was found that the most accurate correlation is a polynomial from seventh degree for current, voltage, power and efficiency, fourth degree for solar radiation and temperature, cubic degree for humidity and wind velocity. The coefficients of general model are 0.6343, 0.0110, 0.0 and 0.0001 for PV module, respectively, with 0.0011 fitting factor. The proposed model has been validated using models in the literature.
TL;DR: In this paper, the main challenges in transformerless topologies as well as provides a review on new single-phase grid-connected PV systems, which are categorized into six groups based on the number of switches required in the system.
Abstract: Research interests on various scientific aspects of photovoltaic (PV) systems has increased over the past decade. However, these systems are still undergoing further developments, and new designs are being demonstrated every year. To minimize cost, reduce size, and increase the efficiency of PV systems, the use of transformerless PV grid-connected inverters has gained the interest of the residential market. This study describes the main challenges in transformerless topologies as well as provides a review on new single-phase grid-connected PV systems, which are categorized into six groups based on the number of switches required in the system. The basic operational principles of various schemes under the six categories of inverters are presented and compared in terms of leakage current, efficiency, strengths and weaknesses. Furthermore, the proposed inverter structure and a compensation strategy for eliminating leakage current have been discussed followed by a comparative study with the available ones. Consequently, our proposed system has found noteworthy results in PSIM environment with a reduction in leakage current as compared with those in three other different topologies.
TL;DR: In this article, phase change material (PCM) was used to reduce the heat transfer rates during charging/discharging processes of a LHTES system in order to reduce their inherently low therm...
Abstract: Latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) systems using a phase change material (PCM) can reduce the heat-transfer rates during charging/discharging processes because of their inherently low therm...
TL;DR: In this paper, a photovoltaic thermal (PVT) solar collector with water jet collision of water was designed, fabricated and evaluated in an indoor testing system with solar simulator was developed as the test rig.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present the discussion towards the inherent instability of perovskite solar cells and the development towards replacing lead with discussion towards their performance and challenges, and develop towards low-toxic, lead-free and efficient perovskiy solar cells is the key for a sustainable solar energy generation.
Abstract: High-performance perovskite solar cells have attracted increased attention for photovoltaic applications and potentially replacing the predecessor generations. Nevertheless, the stability issues and the lead content has always been among the major concerns that barriers perovskite solar cells from commercialization. This review presents the discussion towards the inherent instability of perovskite solar cells and the development towards replacing lead with discussion towards their performance and challenges. The degradation of perovskite active layer would release toxic substance into the environment. The development towards low-toxic, lead-free and efficient perovskite solar cells is the key for a sustainable solar energy generation with the application of perovskite solar cells.
TL;DR: In this article, three custom molecularly engineered organic dyes containing butyloxyl chain induced dye (Y1), boron dipyrromethene (bodipy) dye (TP2A), and squaraine (SQ) ring configured dye (HSQ4) were co-sensitized with DSSCs.
Abstract: Dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) were co-sensitized with three custom molecularly engineered organic dyes containing butyloxyl chain induced dye (Y1), boron dipyrromethene (bodipy) dye (TP2A), and squaraine (SQ) ring configured dye (HSQ4). The individual power conversion efficiencies of the DSSCs sensitized with Y1, TP2A and HSQ4 sensitizers were 3.44%, 4.26% and 5.78%, respectively. Co-sensitized TP2A + HSQ4 dyes at a 2 : 1 molar ratio showed an efficiency of 7.02%. Further addition of Y1 dye with optimal TP2A + HSQ4 increased the VOC from 0.580 V to 0.605 V. The co-sensitized Y1 + TP2A + HSQ4 based DSSCs showed a new optimal efficiency (η) of 7.48%. This is the highest efficiency recorded for DSSCs based on co-sensitization of triple organic dyes. Intensity modulated photovoltage spectroscopy further confirms the longer lifetime of co-sensitized Y1 + TP2A + HSQ4 compared to that of each individual TP2A and HSQ4 and co-sensitized TP2A + HSQ4 dye.
TL;DR: In this paper, a relative performance assessment of copper tin sulfide (CTS) thin film solar cells with different phases such as, cubic, tetragonal, and orthorhombic as an absorber layer has been carried out by AMPS-1D simulation software.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used the compound parabolic concentrator (CPC) along with the thermal photovoltaic module (PVT) where the cooling process of the CPC is conducted using a novel technique of water jet impingement has applied experimentally and physically tested.
Abstract: The importance of utilizing the solar energy as a very suitable source among multi-source approaches to replace the conventional energy is on the rise in the last four decades. The invention of the photovoltaic module (PV) could be the corner stone in this process. However, the limited amount of energy obtained from PV was and still the main challenge of full utilization of the solar energy. In this paper, the use of the compound parabolic concentrator (CPC) along with the thermal photovoltaic module (PVT) where the cooling process of the CPC is conducted using a novel technique of water jet impingement has applied experimentally and physically tested. The test includes the effect of water jet impingement on the total power, electrical efficiency, thermal efficiency, and total efficiency on CPC-PVT system. The cooling process at the maximum irradiation by water jet impingement resulted in improving the electrical efficiency by 7%, total output power by 31% and the thermal efficiency by 81%. These results outperform the recent highest results recorded by the most recent work.
TL;DR: In this paper, a theoretical model is developed by using conducting steady state energy analysis of a PVT-TE air collector, where the matrix inversion method is used to obtain energy balance equation.
Abstract: Photovoltaic (PV) cell from solar energy is one of the most widely adopted renewable energy source and commercially available system that can be used in various applications. More appealing application of PV arrays used in thermoelectric (TE) device was it can convert solar thermal energy from temperature difference into electric energy to act as power generators. In this study, a theoretical model is developed by using conducting steady state energy analysis of a PVT-TE air collector. The matrix inversion method is used to obtain energy balance equation. The effect of various parameters also investigated. The mass flow rate of range 0.01 kg/s to 0.05 kg/s and solar intensity of 400 W/m2, 600 W/m2 and 800 W/m2 was used to obtain outlet temperature, To in the range about 28.9oC to 43.7oC and PV temperature, Tp about 35.3oC to 60oC.
TL;DR: In order to have a prospective future towards commercialization of TEPG systems, the existing prototypes in the literature are still subjected to many enhancements in their design aspects, while further improvements are needed to be achieved independently in TEMs’ development.
TL;DR: In this paper, the design, heat transfer, energy modelling and performance analysis of photovoltaic thermal (PVT) systems are presented, and major finding on energy and exergy analysis of PVT systems are summarized.
Abstract: Photovoltaic thermal (PVT), which is the popular technology for harvesting solar energy, receive solar energy and convert it into electrical and thermal energy simultaneously. In this review, design, heat transfer, energy modelling and performance analysis of PVT systems are presented. Four types of PVT systems base on heat transfer medium; air-based PVT system, water-based PVT system, the combination of water/air-based PVT system, and nanofluid-based PVT system are presented. In addition, major finding on energy and exergy analysis of PVT systems are summarized.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of full cell shading were studied experimentally for each configuration of two or four bypass diodes and verified by theoretical modeling, and the I-V and P-V curves for all cases were recorded to investigate the effect of bypassdiodes in reducing shading losses under similar environmental conditions.
Abstract: Experimental and simulation work were performed to study the effects of shading for different strings inside photovoltaic (PV) panels under real outdoor environmental climate conditions for Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. The electrical characteristics of PV panel were measured by using the PV analyzer, while the simulations were performed by MATLAB. The effect of full cell shading were studied experimentally for each configuration of two or four bypass diodes and verified by theoretical modeling. The I-V and P-V curves for all cases were recorded to investigate the effect of bypass diodes in reducing shading losses under similar environmental conditions. Compared to design with fewer bypass diodes, inserting more bypass diodes (four diodes in our work) contributed to higher yield in performance of solar PV panels undergoing shading while taking in to account the cost of energy production. Compared to the case of two bypass diodes, applying four diodes can recover up to ~31% of non-shaded maximum power under different cell shading conditions.
TL;DR: In this paper, a quaternary CZTS target with pre-fixed composition (Cu 2ZnSnS4 (CZTS)) was used to deposit thin films at various depositing conditions, such as RF power, working pressure, and target to sample distance.
TL;DR: In this article, the performance of solar air collectors for drying application of agricultural produce are presented and summarized, and the energy and exergy efficiency of the solar air collector ranges from 28% to 62% and from 30% to 57%, respectively.
Abstract: Among the most important components of solar energy systems, solar collectors are devices that receive solar energy and convert it into thermal energy, as most essential components of solar dryer. This review presents description and previous work performed on performances of solar air collector for agricultural produce. In addition, various solar collectors are classified and described. Solar air collectors for drying application of agricultural produce are presented and summarize. The energy and exergy efficiency of the solar air collector ranges from 28% to 62% and from 30% to 57%, respectively.
TL;DR: In this article, a review of previous works on SAH performance analysis is presented, where the authors present descriptions and previous works conducted on performances analysis of SAHs, as well as results on the performances.
Abstract: Solar air heater (SAH), which is the most essential component of solar drying systems, receive solar energy and convert it into thermal energy. This review presents descriptions and previous works conducted on performances analysis of SAHs. Exergoenviroeconomic, exergoenvironmental, environmental, and exergy analyses are also presented. In addition, results on the performances of SAHs are summarized. The exergy and energy efficiencies of SAHs at laboratorium testing range from 8% to 61% and from 30% to 79%, respectively.
TL;DR: In this article, a parametric study on the thermal performance of single-pass solar air collector with a v-groove absorber has been conducted using theoretical model and ran numerically using an excel sheet.