Showing papers by "Manoj Kumar published in 2016"
TL;DR: A major thermosensory role for the phytochromes (red light receptors) during the night is described, and it is found that phy tochrome B directly associates with the promoters of key target genes in a temperature-dependent manner.
Abstract: Plants are responsive to temperature, and some species can distinguish differences of 1°C In Arabidopsis, warmer temperature accelerates flowering and increases elongation growth (thermomorphogenesis) However, the mechanisms of temperature perception are largely unknown We describe a major thermosensory role for the phytochromes (red light receptors) during the night Phytochrome null plants display a constitutive warm-temperature response, and consistent with this, we show in this background that the warm-temperature transcriptome becomes derepressed at low temperatures We found that phytochrome B (phyB) directly associates with the promoters of key target genes in a temperature-dependent manner The rate of phyB inactivation is proportional to temperature in the dark, enabling phytochromes to function as thermal timers that integrate temperature information over the course of the night
621 citations
19 Aug 2016
TL;DR: This review highlights and discusses current technical and scientific involvement of microorganisms in enzyme production and their present status in worldwide enzyme market.
Abstract: Biocatalytic potential of microorganisms have been employed for centuries to produce bread, wine, vinegar and other common products without understanding the biochemical basis of their ingredients. Microbial enzymes have gained interest for their widespread uses in industries and medicine owing to their stability, catalytic activity, and ease of production and optimization than plant and animal enzymes. The use of enzymes in various industries (e.g., food, agriculture, chemicals, and pharmaceuticals) is increasing rapidly due to reduced processing time, low energy input, cost effectiveness, nontoxic and eco-friendly characteristics. Microbial enzymes are capable of degrading toxic chemical compounds of industrial and domestic wastes (phenolic compounds, nitriles, amines etc.) either via degradation or conversion. Here in this review, we highlight and discuss current technical and scientific involvement of microorganisms in enzyme production and their present status in worldwide enzyme market.
611 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss potential evidences supporting the disturbance of the gut microbiota balance and the intestinal barrier permeability as a potential triggering factor for systemic inflammation in the onset and progression of obesity, type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome.
Abstract: In concern to the continuously rising global prevalence of obesity, diabetes and associated diseases, novel preventive and therapeutic approaches are urgently required. However, to explore and develop such innovative strategies, a meticulous comprehension of the biological basis of these diseases is extremely important. Past decade has witnessed an enormous amount of research investigation and advancement in the field of obesity, diabetes and metabolic syndrome, with the gut microbiota receiving a special focus in the triangle of nutrition, health and diseases. In particular, the role of gut microbiota in health and diseases has been one of the most vigorous and intriguing field of recent research; however, much still remains to be elucidated about its precise role in host metabolism and immune functions and its implication in the onset, progression as well as in the amelioration of metabolic ailments. Recent investigations have suggested a significant contribution of the gut microbiota in the regulation and impairment of energy homeostasis, thereby causing metabolic disorders, such as metabolic endotoxemia, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Numerous inflammatory biomarkers have been found to be associated with obesity, diabetes and risk of other associated adverse outcomes, thereby suggesting that a persistent low-grade inflammatory response is a potential risk factor. In this milieu, this review intends to discuss potential evidences supporting the disturbance of the gut microbiota balance and the intestinal barrier permeability as a potential triggering factor for systemic inflammation in the onset and progression of obesity, type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome.
78 citations
TL;DR: How metabolites are used in chemical defence to deter a broad range of invasive species and pathogens, as well as metabolomic reprogramming leading to acclimation or adaptive strategies to environmental and anthropogenic stresses are described.
Abstract: Metabolomics is a rapidly emerging discipline within functional genomics which is increasingly being applied to understand biochemical phenotypes across a range of biological systems. Metabolomics measures all (or a subset) metabolites in a cell at a specific time point, reflecting a snapshot of all the regulatory events responding to the external environmental conditions. Although metabolomics and systems biology approaches have been applied to the study of terrestrial plants, few marine macrophytes have been examined using these novel technologies. Marine macrophytes (including seaweeds and seagrasses) are marine ecosystem engineers delivering a range of ecologically and economically valuable biological services; however they are under threat from a wide range of anthropogenic stressors, climate variation, invasive species and pathogens. Investigating metabolomic regulation in these organisms is crucial to understand their acclimation, adaptation and defence responses to environmental challenges. This review describes the current analytical tools available to study metabolomics in marine macrophytes, along with their limitations for both targeted and non-targeted workflows. To illustrate recent advances in systems biology studies in marine macrophytes, we describe how metabolites are used in chemical defence to deter a broad range of invasive species and pathogens, as well as metabolomic reprogramming leading to acclimation or adaptive strategies to environmental and anthropogenic stresses. Where possible, the mechanistic processes associated with primary and secondary plant metabolism governing cellular homeostasis under extreme environments are discussed. Further, we provide a comprehensive overview of an in silico plant metabolome database that can be utilized to advance our knowledge from a system biology approach to marine macrophytes. Finally, functional integration of metabolomics with the allied “omics” disciplines of transcriptomics and proteomics, as well as the emerging discipline of “fluxomics” are discussed in the context of developing biological system networks, the identification of unknown gene/protein functions and the analysis of metabolic pathways in marine plants exposed to stress.
73 citations
TL;DR: The correlation between various physiochemical variables and trace metals suggested significant role of fine grained particles (clay) in trace metals distribution whereas owing to low organic carbon content in the region the organic complexation may not be playing significant role in trace metal distribution in the Sundarban mangroves.
Abstract: The distribution, enrichment, and ecotoxicity potential of Bangladesh part of Sundarban mangrove was investigated for eight trace metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn) using sediment quality assessment indices. The average concentration of trace metals in the sediments exceeded the crustal abundance suggesting sources other than natural in origin. Additionally, the trace metals profile may be a reflection of socio-economic development in the vicinity of Sundarban which further attributes trace metals abundance to the anthropogenic inputs. A total of eleven surficial sediment samples were collected along a vertical transect along the freshwater-saline water gradient. The sediment samples were digested using EPA 3051 method and were analyzed on ICP-MS. Geo-accumulation index suggests moderately polluted sediment quality with respect to Ni and As and background concentrations for Al, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Pb, Co, As, and Cd. Contamination factor analysis suggested low contamination by Zn, Cr, Co, and Cd, moderate by Fe, Mn, Cu, and Pb while Ni and As show considerable and high contamination, respectively. Enrichment factors for Ni, Pb, and As suggests high contamination from either biota or anthropogenic inputs besides natural enrichment. As per the three sediment quality guidelines, Fe, Mn, Cu, Ni, Co, and As would be more of a concern with respect to ecotoxicological risk in the Sundarban mangroves. The correlation between various physiochemical variables and trace metals suggested significant role of fine grained particles (clay) in trace metal distribution whereas owing to low organic carbon content in the region the organic complexation may not be playing significant role in trace metal distribution in the Sundarban mangroves.
57 citations
TL;DR: An overview of methodological concepts is provided, thereby encouraging research and interest in this topic, with the ultimate goal of using designer probiotics as therapeutics in clinical practice.
Abstract: Despite the use of microorganisms as therapeutics for over a century, the scientific and clinical admiration of their potential is a recent phenomenon. Genome sequencing and genetic engineering has enabled researchers to develop novel strategies, such as bioengineered probiotics or pharmabiotics, which may become a therapeutic strategy. Bioengineered probiotics with multiple immunogenic or antagonistic properties could be a viable option to improve human health. The bacteria are tailored to deliver drugs, therapeutic proteins or gene therapy vectors with precision and a higher degree of site specificity than conventional drug administration regimes. This article provides an overview of methodological concepts, thereby encouraging research and interest in this topic, with the ultimate goal of using designer probiotics as therapeutics in clinical practice.
45 citations
TL;DR: A moderate correlation between TcB and TSB during phototherapy with a marginal improvement in the postphototherapy phase is found and further research is needed before the use of Tcb devices can be recommended for these settings.
Abstract: Background: Transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) devices are commonly used for screening of hyperbilirubinemia in term and near-term infants not exposed to phototherapy
37 citations
TL;DR: The algal biomass of different species of Gracilaria were collected from coasts of Orissa and Tamil Nadu, India and characterized biochemically and G. verrucosa was found to be better in terms of total carbohydrate content and hence selected for further studies.
34 citations
TL;DR: Naringin was found to be most potent inhibitor of GLO-I among the identified hits with highest glide XP dock score, suggesting that naringin could be a new scaffold for designing inhibitors against GLo-I with potential application as anticancer agents.
Abstract: Glyoxalase-I (GLO-I) is a component of the ubiquitous detoxification system involved in the conversion of methylglyoxal (MG) to d-lactate in the glycolytic pathway. MG toxicity arises from its ability to form advanced glycation end products. GLO-I has been reported to be frequently overexpressed in various types of cancer cells. In this study, we performed structure-based virtual screening of focused flavonoids commercial library to identify potential and specific inhibitors of GLO-I. The compounds were ranked based on Glide extra precision docking score and five hits (curcumin, quercetin, morin, naringin and silibinin) were selected on the basis of their interaction with active site amino acid residues of GLO-I. Mixed mode QM/MM calculation was performed on the top-scoring hit to ascertain the role of zinc ion in ligand binding. In addition, the identified hits were subjected to MM/GBSA binding energy prediction, ADME prediction and similarity studies. The hits were tested in vitro for cell viability, and GLO-I inhibition. Naringin (ST072162) was found to be most potent inhibitor of GLO-I among the identified hits with highest glide XP dock score of -14.906. These findings suggest that naringin could be a new scaffold for designing inhibitors against GLO-I with potential application as anticancer agents.
25 citations
TL;DR: The expression of PiHXT5 is dependent on glucose concentration and was found to be expressed at low glucose levels which indicate its role as a high affinity glucose transporter, and the uncoupling experiments indicate that it functions as H+/glucose co-transporter.
Abstract: Understanding the mechanism of photosynthate transfer at symbiotic interface by fungal monosaccharide transporter is of substantial importance. The carbohydrate uptake at the apoplast by the fungus is facilitated by PiHXT5 hexose transporter in root endophytic fungus Piriformospora indica. The putative PiHXT5 belongs to MFS superfamily with twelve predicted transmembrane helices. It possesses sugar transporter PFAM motif (PF0083) and MFS superfamily domain (PS50850). It contains the signature tags related to glucose transporter GLUT1 of human erythrocyte. PiHXT5 is regulated in response to mutualism as well as glucose concentration. We have functionally characterized PiHXT5 by complementation of hxt-null mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae EBY.VW4000. It is involved in transport of multiple sugars ranging from D-glucose, D-fructose, D-xylose, D-mannose, D-galactose with decreasing affinity. The uncoupling experiments indicate that it functions as H+/glucose co-transporter. Further, pH dependence analysis suggests that it functions maximum between pH 5 to 6. The expression of PiHXT5 is dependent on glucose concentration and was found to be expressed at low glucose levels (1 mM) which indicate its role as a high affinity glucose transporter. Our study on this sugar transporter will help in better understanding of carbon metabolism and flow in this agro-friendly fungus.
22 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that by performing the reaction of Criegee intermediates and H2 S under water or acid catalysis, thioladehydes could be detected in a hydrogen-bonded complexed state, which is significantly more stable than their uncomplexed form.
Abstract: High-level quantum-chemical calculations have been performed to understand the key reactivity determinants of bimolecular reactions of Criegee intermediates and H2X (X=O, S, Se, and Te). Criegee intermediates are implicated as key intermediates in atmospheric, synthetic organic, and enzymatic chemistry. Generally, it is believed that the nature and location of substituents at the carbon of the Criegee intermediate play a key role in determing the reactivity. However, the present work suggests that it is not only the substitution of the Criegee intermediate, but the nature of the heteroatom in H2X that also plays a crucial role in determining the reactivity of the interaction between the Criegee intermediate and H2X. The barriers for the reactions of Criegee intermediates and H2X satisfy an inverse correlation with the bond strength of X−H in H2X, and a direct correlation with the first pKa of H2X. This heteroatom tuning causes a substantial barrier lowering of 8–11 kcal mol−1 in the Criegee reaction barrier in going from H2O to H2Te. An important implication of these results is that the reaction of the Criegee intermediate and H2S could be a source of thioaldehydes, which are important in plantery atmospheres and synthetic organic chemistry. By performing the reaction of Criegee intermediates and H2S under water or acid catalysis, thioladehydes could be detected in a hydrogen-bonded complexed state, which is significantly more stable than their uncomplexed form. As a result, simpler aliphatic thioaldehydes could be selectively synthesized in the laboratory, which, otherwise, has been a significant synthetic challenge because of their ability to oligomerize.
TL;DR: Among various synthesized compounds, 4w exhibited the most potent in vitro PTP-1B inhibitory activity along with excellent in vivo anti-hyperglycaemic activity, and the lead discovered can be used for the further development of cinnamylidene-thiazolidinedione derivatives as antidiabetic agents.
Abstract: Protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B (PTP-1B) inhibition is a legitimate approach to combat type 2 diabetes and obesity as it corrects the insulin and leptin signalling cascades. In pursuing this, our goal is to discover compounds bearing small molecular scaffolds, and able to inhibit PTP-1B in a selective manner. In the present work, we have synthesized N3-substituted cinnamylidene-thiazolidinediones (4p–4x), and evaluated in vitro PTP-1B inhibitory activity, and in vivo anti-hyperglycaemic potential in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic mice. Among various synthesized compounds, 4w exhibited the most potent in vitro PTP-1B inhibitory activity (IC50 ∼ 6.52 μM) along with excellent in vivo anti-hyperglycaemic activity. Furthermore, molecular docking assisted 3D-QSAR study was performed on the synthesized compounds (4p–4x) for the exploration of the binding mode of interactions, prediction of the binding affinity, and identification of 3D-pharmacophoric features (steric and electrostatic) responsible for inhibitory activity. The docking results were in agreement with the biological activity results i.e. compound 4w showed the highest binding affinity with PTP-1B (MolDock score −123.715), which is comparable with ertiprotafib (MolDock score −125.183). The lead discovered can be used for the further development of cinnamylidene-thiazolidinedione derivatives as antidiabetic agents.
TL;DR: It is suggested that FSH may attenuate apoptosis in cumulus cells via mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathway by increasing XIAP expression, resulting in a more favorable ratio of BCL2/BAX expression and decreasing the cytochrome c and caspase-3 expression, eventually contributing to developmental competence of oocytes.
TL;DR: In the present study, a series of steroidal tetrazole derivatives of androstane and pregnane have been prepared in which the tetrazoles moiety was appended at C-3 and 17a-aza locations, and in vivo 5α-reductase inhibitory activity showed a significant reduction in rat prostate weight.
01 Jan 2016
TL;DR: A review of the available literature on potential probiotics and prebiotics, and their health benefits can be found in this article, where the proposed favorable effects of probiotics on human health include amelioration of gastrointestinal health, improvement of lactose intolerance, and reduced risk of various other gut-and metabolism-associated maladies.
Abstract: The human gut harbors approximately 100 trillion bacteria. Sustaining a perfect ratio of “good bacteria” to “bad bacteria” has gained tremendous recognition in recent years as a potential step in maintaining good health and preventing myriad gut- and metabolism-associated ailments, including obesity, metabolic syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, and more. Probiotics have gained growing popularity in the past two decades because of their beneficial health effects backed by abundant scientific evidences. The proposed favorable effects of probiotics on human health include amelioration of gastrointestinal health, improvement of lactose intolerance, and reduced risk of various other gut- and metabolism-associated maladies. Various probiotic strains, especially Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria , are now commercially accessible for human use. However, the characteristics of probiotic strains and their function, efficacy, and safety in relation to the gastrointestinal health and environment remains to be fully elucidated, and therefore needs to be further explored. In this context, this chapter attempts to review the available literature on potential probiotics and prebiotics, and their health benefits.
TL;DR: A new overtone or electronic excitation-based photomechanism for the peroxy radical decomposition may provide useful insight into the missing photolytic source of the HOx at high solar zenith angles corresponding to the dawn or dusk photochemistry.
Abstract: Theoretical calculations have been carried out to investigate the gas-phase decomposition of α-hydroxy methylperoxy (HOCH2(OO)) radical in the absence and presence of formic acid, acetic acid, nitric acid, and sulfuric acid. The HOCH2(OO) radical decomposition represents a new source of the HOx radical in troposphere. The results suggest that sulfuric acid will be more effective than other acids in catalyzing the peroxy radical decomposition. However, the significant stability of prereaction and postreaction complexes in all the bimolecular reactions implies a new photomechanism for the acid-mediated decomposition of the HOCH2(OO) radical that involves the visible or near IR overtone excitation of the OH stretching modes or electronic excitation of the O–O peroxy moiety in the acid-bound radical. This new overtone or electronic excitation-based photomechanism for the peroxy radical decomposition may provide useful insight into the missing photolytic source of the HOx at high solar zenith angles correspond...
TL;DR: All the genetic and non-genetic factors except age at the first calving group, significantly affected the traits under study and the estimates of phenotypic and genetic correlations was generally higher in the MTDFY-5 of lactation suggesting that this TD yields could be used as the selection criteria for early evaluation and selection of Murrah buffaloes.
Abstract: Aim: The present study was performed to investigate the effect of genetic and non-genetic factors affecting milk fat yield and to estimate genetic parameters of monthly test day fat yields (MTDFY) and lactation 305-day fat yield (L305FY) in Murrah buffaloes. Materials and Methods: The data on total of 10381 MTDFY records comprising the first four lactations of 470 Murrah buffaloes calved from 1993 to 2014 were assessed. These buffaloes were sired by 75 bulls maintained in an organized farm at ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal. Least squares maximum likelihood program was used to estimate genetic and non-genetic parameters. Heritability estimates were obtained using paternal half-sib correlation method. Genetic and phenotypic correlations among MTDFY, and 305-day fat yield were calculated from the analysis of variance and covariance matrix among sire groups. Results: The overall least squares mean of L305FY was found to be 175.74±4.12 kg. The least squares mean of overall MTDFY ranged from 3.33±0.14 kg (TD-11) to 7.06±0.17 kg (TD-3). The h 2 estimate of L305FY was found to be 0.33±0.16 in this study. The estimates of phenotypic and genetic correlations between 305-day fat yield and different MTDFY ranged from 0.32 to 0.48 and 0.51 to 0.99, respectively. Conclusions: In this study, all the genetic and non-genetic factors except age at the first calving group, significantly affected the traits under study. The estimates of phenotypic and genetic correlations of MTDFY with 305-day fat yield was generally higher in the MTDFY-5 of lactation suggesting that this TD yields could be used as the selection criteria for early evaluation and selection of Murrah buffaloes.
01 Jan 2016
TL;DR: The present state of art of role of probiotic bacteria in reducing inflammation and strengthening the host immune system with reference to the management of IBDs is reviewed, infer that healthcare will move beyond its prevailing focus on human physiology, and embrace the superorganism as a paradigm to understand and ameliorate I BDs.
Abstract: Various commensal enteric and pathogenic bacteria may be involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), a chronic condition with a pathogenic background that involves both immunogenetic and environmental factors. IBDs comprising of Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis, and pauchitis are chronic inflammatory conditions, and known for causing disturbed homeostatic balance among the intestinal immune compartment, gut epithelium and microbiome. An increasing trend of IBDs in incidence, prevalence, and severity has been reported during recent years. Probiotic strains have been reported to manage the IBDs and related pathologies, and hence are current hot topics of research for their potential to manage metabolic diseases as well as various immunopathologies. However, the probiotics industry will need to undergo a transformation, with increased focus on stringent manufacturing guidelines and high-quality clinical trials. This article reviews the present state of art of role of probiotic bacteria in reducing inflammation and strengthening the host immune system with reference to the management of IBDs. We infer that t healthcare will move beyond its prevailing focus on human physiology, and embrace the superorganism as a paradigm to understand and ameliorate IBDs.
TL;DR: The results suggest that substituted amines and monocarboxylic type organic or inorganic acids via dual activation mechanisms promote both activation and decomposition reactions, implying that the judicious selection of a dual catalyst is crucial to the efficient C-S bond formation via CO2 activation.
Abstract: The role of metal free dual catalysis in the hydrogen sulfide (H2S)-induced activation of carbon dioxide (CO2) and subsequent decomposition of resulting monothiolcarbonic acid in the gas phase has been explored. The results suggest that substituted amines and monocarboxylic type organic or inorganic acids via dual activation mechanisms promote both activation and decomposition reactions, implying that the judicious selection of a dual catalyst is crucial to the efficient C-S bond formation via CO2 activation. Considering that our results also suggest a new mechanism for the formation of carbonyl sulfide from CO2 and H2S, these new insights may help in better understanding the coupling between the carbon and sulfur cycles in the atmospheres of Earth and Venus.
TL;DR: Very high and positive genetic and phenotypic correlations of FLMY305 with milk constituents’ yield traits implied that selection based onFLMY305 would result in correlated response in milk constituents yield traits and therefore need not to be considered separately for their improvement.
Abstract: The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of genetic and non-genetic factors and to estimate genetic parameters of first lactation 305 days milk yield (FLMY305), 305 days fat yield (LFY), 305 days solid not fat yield (LSNFY), 305 days total solid yield (LTSY), 305 days fat percentage (FAT%), 305 days solid not fat percentage (SNF%) and 305 days total solid percentage (TS%) in Murrah buffaloes. The data of 315 Murrah buffaloes calved from 1993 to 2013 and sired by 47 bulls maintained in an organized farm at ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal was analyzed to study the effect of genetic and non-genetic factors. Least squares analysis was done to estimate the effect of genetic and non-genetic factors on FLMY305, LFY, LSNFY, LTSY, FAT%, SNF% and TS%. Heritability estimates were obtained by using paternal half-sib correlation method. The heritability estimates for FLMY305, LFY, LSNFY, LTSY, FAT%, SNF% and TS% traits were found to be 0.30, 0.29, 0.30, 0.30, 0.05, 0.02 and 0.06, respectively. Very high and positive genetic and phenotypic correlations of FLMY305 with milk constituents’ yield traits implied that selection based on FLMY305 would result in correlated response in milk constituents yield traits and therefore need not to be considered separately for their improvement.
TL;DR: The introduction of the alkyl/haloalkyl moiety onto the amidic nitrogen of the thiazolidine-2,4-dione ring was intended to enhance the anti-hyperglycaemic activity, which was further tested in vivo by using alloxan-induced diabetic laca mice.
Abstract: Thiazolidinedione derivatives have been used as anti-hyperglycemic agents in diabetic patients since last decade. In the present study, a series of N-substituted-5-(furan-2-ylmethylene)thiazolidine-2,4-dione derivatives were synthesized and characterized by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and mass spectra. The introduction of the alkyl/haloalkyl moiety onto the amidic nitrogen of the thiazolidine-2,4-dione ring was intended to enhance the anti-hyperglycaemic activity, which was further tested in vivo by using alloxan-induced diabetic laca mice. Molecular docking simulation studies further helped in understanding the nature of the interactions and the binding mode of ligands inside the active site of the protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B enzyme, which negatively regulates the insulin signaling pathway. The compounds were screened for in-vivo anti-hyperglycaemic activity in which compounds 9 and 10 have exhibited significant decreases in blood glucose level comparable to that of pioglitazone.
TL;DR: The design and construction of an imaging construct with high BRET efficiency that is composed of multiple quantum dots self-assembled onto a bioluminescent protein, Renilla luciferase, facilitated by the streptavidin-biotin interaction is described.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this paper, an attempt has been made to compare the human development in South Asia and the United Nations Development Programmes (UNDP) reports of United Nation Development Programmemes.
Abstract: Human development is one of the most important component of social sector development and role of human development in facilitating social and economic progress is well recognised. For many years growth has been a major economic goal of policy makers as delivering a larger quantity of goods and services is the best way to improve people’s standard of living. But quality of people’s lives can be poor in the midst of plenty so undoubtedly more economic growth is needed but more attention must go to the structure and quality of that growth-to ensure that it is directed to supporting human development, reducing poverty, reducing inequalities, protecting the environment and ensuring sustainability In the present study an attempt has been made to compare the human development in South Asia. Countries of South Asia constitute the basic unit of study. The study is entirely based on secondary data collected from the various reports of United Nation Development Programmes. The study revealed that while the countries of South Asia experienced significant improvement in human development index and its various indicators such as Life Expectancy, Expected Years of Schooling, Mean Years of Schooling and GNI Per Capita etc. But the overall human development index in South Asia is constant during study period.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The ability of a sheet metal to be formed in a given process without failure is known as formability, a measure of the amount of deformation a material can withstand prior to fracture or excessive thinning as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The ability of a sheet metal to be formed in a given process without failure is known as formability. Formability is a measure of the amount of deformation a material can withstand prior to fracture or excessive thinning. Forming Limit Diagram (FLD) is a graphical representation of limit strains at which necking/fracture occurs in a sheet metal under all possible modes of deformation. Anisotropy is the variation in properties with respect to directions, due to variations in microstructures introduced in forming operations such as rolling. The values of strength (YS and UTS) and ductility (% elongation) show a large variation in mechanical properties because of the differences in as rolled specimens, annealed specimens, and different thickness of the Al sheets. From the LDH test the limiting strain values and the formability of sheet metal were found to increases with increasing sheet thickness.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Indian dentists have deficiencies with respect to their knowledge and amount of information received on HIV and AIDS related topics, and are less well prepared for their future task of treating patients with HIV infection and AIDS.
Abstract: Introduction : AIDS is a highly lethal, progressively epidemic viral infection that destroys the immune system, increasing the individual’s susceptibility to further oral infections. With time, it has emerged as one of the most serious public health problems.This fact emphasis the need of up-to-date knowledge and awareness of the oral health care professionals who serve these communities. Aim & Objectives: This review article aims to assess the prevalence of Human immunodeficiency virus in dental practice in India. It focuses on the knowledge of HIV/AIDS amongst dental professionals of India and the effect of the same on the goal of providing quality dental care to the patients with HIV/AIDS. Methodology : A comprehensive review was undertaken by searching the Google, Pubmed, Research Gate on line, for research articles published between 2010 and 2016. Results : General awareness of HIV, according to a recent study published in Indian Journal for Dental Research among a sample of Indian dentists appears to be low. The review highlights that the Indian dentists are less well prepared for their future task of treating patients with HIV infection and AIDS and highlight a need for further education. Conclusion: The results of the present study revealed that Indian dentists have deficiencies with respect to their knowledge and amount of information received on HIV and AIDS related topics.