抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1（PfPMP1）与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用，在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员，通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。

疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]／Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

2016 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: The Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Developed with the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC.

I have developed "tennis elbow" from lugging this book around the past four weeks, but it is worth the pain, the effort, and the aspirin. It is also worth the (relatively speaking) bargain price. Including appendixes, this book contains 894 pages of text. The entire panorama of the neural sciences is surveyed and examined, and it is comprehensive in its scope, from genomes to social behaviors. The editors explicitly state that the book is designed as "an introductory text for students of biology, behavior, and medicine," but it is hard to imagine any audience, interested in any fragment of neuroscience at any level of sophistication, that would not enjoy this book. The editors have done a masterful job of weaving together the biologic, the behavioral, and the clinical sciences into a single tapestry in which everyone from the molecular biologist to the practicing psychiatrist can find and appreciate his or

Principles of Neural Science

ACC/AHA
: American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association
ACCF/AHA
: American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association
ACE
: angiotensin-converting enzyme
ACEI
: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor
ACS
: acute coronary syndrome
AF
: atrial fibrillation

/pdf/2016-esc-guidelines-for-the-diagnosis-and-treatment-of-acute-z18hg30pp1.pdf

2016 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure

/pdf/2016-esc-guidelines-for-the-diagnosis-and-treatment-of-acute-53v7yllhiz.pdf

Two inbred strains of mice, SEC/1ReJ (SEC) and C57BL/6J (C57) showed significant differences in the maturation rate of two different anatomical districts: the brain cortex and the seminiferous epithelium. The cortical maturation rate, recorded by means of an electrocorticogram (ECoG), indicated that SEC mice are slower in the development of an adult wave pattern than C57 mice, which are more mature at birth. Furthermore, the C57 strain appears to have a faster maturation rate of the seminiferous epithelium. In fact, spermatogenesis in these mice shows the presence of spermatids in the seminiferous epithelium at 25 days, and mature spermatozoa in the epididymis at 40 days. Instead, the SEC strain, because of its slower development, shows a considerable delay of spermiogenesis and the epididymis is still empty at 40 days. These data, together with those on the ECoG differences of these strains, seem to indicate a relationship between brain and testis maturation.

Relationship between brain cortex and testis maturation rate in two inbred strains of mice

Perturbation of the oxidative balance in biological systems plays an important role in numerous pathological states as well as in many physiological processes such as receptor activity. In order to evaluate if oxidative stress induced by menadione influences membrane receptor processes, a study was conducted on the transferrin receptor. Consequently, biochemical, biophysical and ultrastructural studies were carried out on different cell lines. The results obtained seem to indicate that oxidative stress is able of inducing a rapid and specific down-modulation of membrane transferrin receptor due to a block of receptor recycling on the cell surface without affecting binding affinity.

Oxidative stress and transferrin receptor recycling.

https://www.internationaljournalofcardiology.com/article/S0167-5273(14)02449-8/pdf

Red blood cells as bioindicators of cardiovascular risk in Kawasaki disease: A case report

The Italian Journal of Gender-Specific Medicine and the Italian Gender Medicine Network

The effects of 2,5 hexanedione (2,5 HD), a metabolite of n-hexane, were investigated in different in vitro systems. A human mammary carcinoma cell line, a human melanoma cell line, and fetal mouse neuronal cells in primary culture were considered. Light and electron microscopic observations demonstrated clearly that changes in cell proliferation can be detected. Furthermore, morphologic differentiative phenomena characterized by a noticeable increase in cell protrusions and dendriticlike processes can occur. Differences in the features of these processes were also detected between the different cell lines. These data can indicate non-neuronal cells as possible further targets of the toxicant. The possibility could be hypothesized that toxic neuropathies are generalized disorders, being neuronal system exceptionally vulnerable to 2,5 HD. Moreover, results obtained suggest that the sensitivity of in vitro systems could represent a useful tool in studying the mechanisms of action of the neurotoxicant 2,5 HD.

Walter Malorni

Papers

Relationship between brain cortex and testis maturation rate in two inbred strains of mice

Oxidative stress and transferrin receptor recycling.

Red blood cells as bioindicators of cardiovascular risk in Kawasaki disease: A case report

The Italian Journal of Gender-Specific Medicine and the Italian Gender Medicine Network

Morphologic changes induced in vitro by 2,5 hexanedione.