Showing papers by "Xingyu Jiang published in 2023"
TL;DR: In this article, the authors identify bottlenecks hindering the maturation of flexible sensors and propose promising solutions to ease and to expedite their deployment, highlighting environmental concerns and emphasizing nontechnical issues such as business, regulatory, and ethical considerations.
Abstract: Humans rely increasingly on sensors to address grand challenges and to improve quality of life in the era of digitalization and big data. For ubiquitous sensing, flexible sensors are developed to overcome the limitations of conventional rigid counterparts. Despite rapid advancement in bench-side research over the last decade, the market adoption of flexible sensors remains limited. To ease and to expedite their deployment, here, we identify bottlenecks hindering the maturation of flexible sensors and propose promising solutions. We first analyze challenges in achieving satisfactory sensing performance for real-world applications and then summarize issues in compatible sensor-biology interfaces, followed by brief discussions on powering and connecting sensor networks. Issues en route to commercialization and for sustainable growth of the sector are also analyzed, highlighting environmental concerns and emphasizing nontechnical issues such as business, regulatory, and ethical considerations. Additionally, we look at future intelligent flexible sensors. In proposing a comprehensive roadmap, we hope to steer research efforts towards common goals and to guide coordinated development strategies from disparate communities. Through such collaborative efforts, scientific breakthroughs can be made sooner and capitalized for the betterment of humanity.
34 citations
TL;DR: A facile approach to preparing an Rm-functionalized poly-ε-caprolactone/poly-d-lysine (Rm@PCL/PDL) tube by co-incubation and single-step rolling was developed in this article .
2 citations
TL;DR: In this article , an externally engineered exosome with clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats interference (CRISPRi) was used to reprogram tumor-associated macrophages.
Abstract: The reprogramming of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) has emerged as an efficient strategy for immunotherapy. However, most of the approaches did not allow the in situ reprogramming of TAM because their low efficiency, non-specificity, or potential side effects. Herein, we produced exosomes with the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats interference (CRISPRi) internally engineered and the TAM specific peptide externally engineered onto the exosome membrane. The internally and externally engineered exosomes (IEEE, also named as I3E) allowed the selective homing to tumor tissue and targeted to M2-like TAMs, which nearly repressed the expression of PI-3 kinase gamma (PI3Kγ) completely, and induced the TAMs polarizing to M1 both in vitro and in vivo. The polarized M1 macrophages awakened the "hot" tumor-immunity, causing the increase of T lymphocyte infiltration and the decrease of myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and inhibiting the tumor growth significantly. I3E reprogramed TAMs in situ precisely and efficiently.
2 citations
TL;DR: In this article , a library of nanomaterials on GX_P2V, a SARS-CoV-2-like coronavirus of pangolin origin, is screened and a surface functionalized gold nanocluster (TMA•GNC) is identified as the top hit.
Abstract: Antivirals that can combat coronaviruses, including SARS‐CoV‐2 and associated mutants, are urgently needed but lacking. Simultaneously targeting the viral physical structure and replication cycle can endow antivirals with sustainable and broad‐spectrum anti‐coronavirus efficacy, which is difficult to achieve using a single small‐molecule antiviral. Thus, a library of nanomaterials on GX_P2V, a SARS‐CoV‐2‐like coronavirus of pangolin origin, is screened and a surface‐functionalized gold nanocluster (TMA‐GNC) is identified as the top hit. TMA‐GNC inhibits transcription‐ and replication‐competent SARS‐CoV‐2 virus‐like particles and all tested pseudoviruses of SARS‐CoV‐2 variants. TMA‐GNC prevents viral dissemination through destroying membrane integrity physically to enable a virucidal effect, interfering with viral replication by inactivating 3CL protease and priming the innate immune system against coronavirus infection. TMA‐GNC exhibits biocompatibility and significantly reduces viral titers, inflammation, and pathological injury in lungs and tracheas of GX_P2V‐infected hamsters. TMA‐GNC may have a role in controlling the COVID‐19 pandemic and inhibiting future emerging coronaviruses or variants.
1 citations
1 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , a membrane-like layer at the surface of coacervate microdroplets via electrostatic interactions between oppositely charged surfactants and polyelectrolytes was generated to achieve tunable permeability and enhanced stability of the co-acervates at the same time.
Abstract: Complex coacervate microdroplets, which are formed via spontaneous liquid-liquid phase separation by mixing two oppositely charged polyelectrolytes in water, have emerged as a new paradigm in the fields of origin of life, membraneless subcellular compartmentalization, bioreactors, and drug delivery. However, how to further improve its stability and enhance its selectivity in one particular coacervate system remains a challenge. By generating a membrane-like layer at the surface of coacervate microdroplets via electrostatic interactions between oppositely charged surfactants and polyelectrolytes, we here achieve tunable permeability and enhanced stability of the coacervates at the same time. Depending on the surfactants used, membrane-like layer-coated coacervate microdroplets exhibit different selectivity over solute sequestration and can promote or inhibit DNA hybridization. Our approach provides a practical tool to engineer functional bioinspired microcompartments with potential applications in the fields of controlled drug release and microreactor technology.
1 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , a DNA micro library can be encapsulated by metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) within 10 min and extracted (5 min) in a single microfluidic chip for automated and integrated DNA-based data storage.
Abstract: DNA as an exceptional data storage medium offers high information density. However, DNA storage requires specialized equipment and tightly controlled environments for storage. Fast encapsulation within minutes for enhanced DNA stability to do away with specialized equipment and fast DNA extraction remain a challenge. Here, we report a DNA microlibrary that can be encapsulated by metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) within 10 min and extracted (5 min) in a single microfluidic chip for automated and integrated DNA-based data storage. The DNA microlibrary@MOFs enhances the stability of data-encoded DNA against harsh environments. The encoded information can be read out perfectly after accelerated aging, equivalent to being readable after 10 years of storage at 25 °C, 50% relative humidity, and 10 000 lx sunlight radiation. Moreover, the library enables fast retrieval of target data via flow cytometry and can be reproduced after each access.
1 citations
TL;DR: This article proposed an efficient LLM inference pipeline that harnesses the power of large language models (LLMs) to accurately perceive and predict the response length with minimal overhead, by leveraging this information, they introduce an efficient sequence scheduling technique that groups queries with similar response lengths into micro-batches.
Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized the field of AI, demonstrating unprecedented capacity across various tasks. However, the inference process for LLMs comes with significant computational costs. In this paper, we propose an efficient LLM inference pipeline that harnesses the power of LLMs. Our approach begins by tapping into the potential of LLMs to accurately perceive and predict the response length with minimal overhead. By leveraging this information, we introduce an efficient sequence scheduling technique that groups queries with similar response lengths into micro-batches. We evaluate our approach on real-world instruction datasets using the LLaMA-based model, and our results demonstrate an impressive 86% improvement in inference throughput without compromising effectiveness. Notably, our method is orthogonal to other inference acceleration techniques, making it a valuable addition to many existing toolkits (e.g., FlashAttention, Quantization) for LLM inference.
1 citations
TL;DR: Zhang et al. as discussed by the authors investigated the distribution patterns of microeukaryotic communities and whether and how climate change directly or indirectly affected the micro-organisms on the Inner Mongolia-Xinjiang Plateau.
Abstract: Our findings have important implications for understanding the distribution patterns and the driving mechanisms of microeukaryotic communities among the lakes of the Inner Mongolia-Xinjiang Plateau and whether and how climate change directly or indirectly affects microeukaryotic communities. Our study also establishes the groundwork to use the lake microbiome for the assessment of aquatic ecological health and climate change, which is critical for ecosystem management and for projecting the ecological consequences of future climate warming. ABSTRACT Climate change greatly affects lake microorganisms in arid and semiarid zones, which alters ecosystem functions and the ecological security of lakes. However, the responses of lake microorganisms, especially microeukaryotes, to climate change are poorly understood. Here, using 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) high-throughput sequencing, we investigated the distribution patterns of microeukaryotic communities and whether and how climate change directly or indirectly affected the microeukaryotic communities on the Inner Mongolia-Xinjiang Plateau. Our results showed that climate change, as the main driving force of lake change, drives salinity to become a determinant of the microeukaryotic community among the lakes of the Inner Mongolia-Xinjiang Plateau. Salinity shapes the diversity and trophic level of the microeukaryotic community and further affects lake carbon cycling. Co-occurrence network analysis further revealed that increasing salinity reduced the complexity but improved the stability of microeukaryotic communities and changed ecological relationships. Meanwhile, increasing salinity enhanced the importance of deterministic processes in microeukaryotic community assembly, and the dominance of stochastic processes in freshwater lakes transformed into deterministic processes in salt lakes. Furthermore, we established lake biomonitoring and climate sentinel models by integrating microeukaryotic information, which would provide substantial improvements to our predictive ability of lake responses to climate change. IMPORTANCE Our findings have important implications for understanding the distribution patterns and the driving mechanisms of microeukaryotic communities among the lakes of the Inner Mongolia-Xinjiang Plateau and whether and how climate change directly or indirectly affects microeukaryotic communities. Our study also establishes the groundwork to use the lake microbiome for the assessment of aquatic ecological health and climate change, which is critical for ecosystem management and for projecting the ecological consequences of future climate warming.
TL;DR: Wang et al. as discussed by the authors measured 13 secondary organic aerosol (SOA) tracers in PM2.5 in Jinzhong, Shanxi, to investigate the distribution characteristics of SOAs.
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors investigated the influence of pH, temperature, presence of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and cadmium ion on biodegradation of 2,2′, 4,4,4′-tetrabromodiphenyl ether.
TL;DR: In this article , a single-collector sector field ICP-MS (ThermoFisher Element XR) equipped with an Apex-Q desolvation device and a high-sensitivity Jet-X interface was used for the precise and accurate determination of 226Ra in porewater and sediment samples.
Abstract: Apoptosis and autophagy determine the fate of cancer cells. However, simply promoting apoptosis of tumor cells is limited in the treatment of unresectable solid liver tumors. Generally, autophagy is considered the anti‐apoptotic “guardian”. But the pro‐apoptotic effects of autophagy can be activated by excessive endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Here, amphiphilic peptide‐modified glutathione (GSH)‐gold nanocluster aggregates (AP1P2‐PEG NCs) were designed with the enrichment of solid liver tumors and the prolonged stress in the ER, which can achieve the mutual promotion of autophagy and apoptosis in liver tumor cells. In this study, orthotopic and subcutaneous liver tumor models show the anti‐tumor effectiveness of AP1P2‐PEG NCs, with a better antitumor effect than sorafenib, biosafety (Lethal Dose, 50% (LD50) of 827.3 mg kg−1), wide therapeutic window (non‐toxic in 20 times of therapeutic concentration) and high stability (blood half‐life of 4 h). These findings identify an effective strategy to develop peptide‐modified gold nanocluster aggregates with low toxicity, high potency, and selectivity for solid liver tumors treatment.
TL;DR: In this article , a microfluidics-enabled nanoveicle using ultra-pH-sensitive polymer mannose-poly(carboxybetaine methacrylate)-poly(hydroxyethyl piperidine methacelate) (Man-PCB-PHEP) is developed to deliver CD47/PD-L1 antibodies (NCPA) for tumor-acidity-activated immunotherapy.
Abstract: The CD47/PD-L1 antibodies combination exhibits durable antitumor immunity but also elicits excessive immune-related adverse events (IRAEs) caused by the on-target off-tumor immunotoxicity, hindering their clinical benefits greatly. Here, a microfluidics-enabled nanovesicle using ultra-pH-sensitive polymer mannose-poly(carboxybetaine methacrylate)-poly(hydroxyethyl piperidine methacrylate) (Man-PCB-PHEP) is developed to deliver CD47/PD-L1 antibodies (NCPA) for tumor-acidity-activated immunotherapy. The NCPA can specifically release antibodies in acidic environment, thereby stimulating the phagocytosis of bone marrow-derived macrophages. In mice bearing Lewis lung carcinoma, NCPA shows significantly improved intratumoral CD47/PD-L1 antibodies accumulation, promoted tumor-associated macrophages remodeling to antitumoral status, and increased infiltration of dendritic cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes, resulting in more favorable treatment effect compared to those of free antibodies. Additionally, NCPA also shows less IRAEs, including anemia, pneumonia, hepatitis, and small intestinal inflammation in vivo. Altogether, a potent dual checkpoint blockade immunotherapy utilizing NCPA with enhanced antitumor immunity and reduced IRAEs is demonstrated.
TL;DR: In this article , the microfluidic enabled serial assembly (MESA) of multi-component nanoparticles (mNPs) is presented, which enables the assembly of sorafenib supramolecule, electrostatic adsorption of siRNA, and surface assembly of protective lipids.
Abstract: Multi‐component nanoparticles (mNPs) hold great potential for disease prevention and treatment. However, a major barrier is the lack of versatile platforms to accommodate steps of assembly processes of mNPs. Here the microfluidics‐enabled serial assembly (MESA) of mNPs is presented. The microfluidic chip, as a mini‐conveyor of initial materials, sequentially enables the assembly of sorafenib supramolecule, electrostatic adsorption of siRNA, and surface assembly of protective lipids. The produced lipid‐siRNA‐sorafenib nanoparticles (LSS NPs) have ultrahigh encapsulation efficiencies for sorafenib (≈100%) and siRNA (≈95%), which benefit from the accommodation of both fast and slow processes on the chip. Although carrying negative charges, LSS NPs enable cytosolic delivery of agents and high gene silencing efficiency within tumor cells. In vivo, the LSS NPs delivering hypoxia‐induced factor (HIF1α)‐targeted siRNA efficiently regress tumors of Hep3B xenograft and hepatocellular carcinoma patient‐derived primary cells xenograft (PDCX) and finally extend the average survival of PDCX mice to 68 days. Thus, this strategy is promising as a sorafenib/siRNA combination therapy, and MESA can be a universal platform for fabricating complex nanosystems.
TL;DR: In this paper , microstructure-phase-electrochemical relationships in BDD film electrodes were systematically investigated, aiming to reveal the effect of boron content on seawater salinity measurement, and lay a foundation for practical application of BDD electrodes.
Abstract: Boron doped diamond (BDD) film electrodes have a good application prospect in the field of seawater salinity detection. However, the influence mechanism of boron doping level (given by B/C ratio) on seawater salinity detection limited its application. In this paper, microstructure-phase-electrochemical relationships in BDD film electrodes were systematically investigated, aiming to reveal the effect of boron content on seawater salinity measurement, and lay a foundation for practical application of BDD film electrodes. With the increase of the boron doping, the content of non-diamond phase increased, while the crystallinity and the grain size of diamond decreased. Meanwhile, when the B/C ratio of BDD electrode reached 10000 ppm, they had the largest electroactive surface areas (EASA) and the smallest diffusion resistance, and their electrochemical performance was optimal in this study. In addition, BDD film electrode exhibited fast heterogeneous electron transfer in both internal Fe(CN)6−3/−4 and external Ru(NH3)6+2/+3 redox systems. Under the optimal parameter setting, the maximum signal response of BDD electrode at 40 ‰ was 69 mA/cm2 and the measurement error was less than 0.81 ‰. Appropriate proportion of sp2-C and B-sp3-C phases can significantly improve the detection performance of BDD electrode.
TL;DR: The Altmetric Attention Score as discussed by the authors is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online, and it is calculated based on the number of articles that have been published in the last few days.
Abstract: ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionNEXTORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionCorrection to “Stretchable Liquid Metal-Based Metal-Polymer Conductors for Fully Screen-Printed Biofuel Cells”Leni ZhongLeni ZhongShenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, ChinaSchool of Fashion and Textiles, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Research Institute for Smart Energy, Research Institute for Intelligent Wearable Systems, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong S.A.R., ChinaMore by Leni Zhong, Lixue TangLixue TangShenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, ChinaMore by Lixue Tang, Shuaijian YangShuaijian YangShenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, ChinaMore by Shuaijian Yang, Zhenting ZhaoZhenting ZhaoShenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, ChinaMore by Zhenting Zhaohttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2082-777X, Zijian Zheng*Zijian ZhengSchool of Fashion and Textiles, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Research Institute for Smart Energy, Research Institute for Intelligent Wearable Systems, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong S.A.R., China*[email protected]More by Zijian Zhenghttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6653-7594, and Xingyu Jiang*Xingyu JiangShenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China*[email protected]More by Xingyu Jianghttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5008-4703Cite this: Anal. Chem. 2023, 95, 2, 1772Publication Date (Web):January 5, 2023Publication History Received17 December 2022Published online5 January 2023Published inissue 17 January 2023https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.2c05643Copyright © 2023 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views363Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (827 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
05 Jul 2023
TL;DR: CAME as mentioned in this paper proposes a confidence-guided strategy to reduce the instability of existing memory efficient optimizers, which achieves faster convergence and higher accuracy compared with the Adam optimizer, but with a high cost of extra memory overheads.
Abstract: Adaptive gradient methods, such as Adam and LAMB, have demonstrated excellent performance in the training of large language models. Nevertheless, the need for adaptivity requires maintaining second-moment estimates of the per-parameter gradients, which entails a high cost of extra memory overheads. To solve this problem, several memory-efficient optimizers (e.g., Adafactor) have been proposed to obtain a drastic reduction in auxiliary memory usage, but with a performance penalty. In this paper, we first study a confidence-guided strategy to reduce the instability of existing memory efficient optimizers. Based on this strategy, we propose CAME to simultaneously achieve two goals: fast convergence as in traditional adaptive methods, and low memory usage as in memory-efficient methods. Extensive experiments demonstrate the training stability and superior performance of CAME across various NLP tasks such as BERT and GPT-2 training. Notably, for BERT pre-training on the large batch size of 32,768, our proposed optimizer attains faster convergence and higher accuracy compared with the Adam optimizer. The implementation of CAME is publicly available.
TL;DR: In this paper , the impact of esketamine on postoperative rebound pain in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty was evaluated in a single-center, prospective, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.
Abstract: Introduction Rebound pain, transient and acute postoperative pain after the disappearance of regional block anesthesia, has been a concern in recent years. Insufficient preemptive analgesia and hyperalgesia induced by regional block are the main mechanisms. At present, the evidence for the treatment of rebound pain is limited. The esketamine, as an antagonist of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, has been proven to prevent hyperalgesia. Therefore, this trial aims to evaluate the impact of esketamine on postoperative rebound pain in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty. Methods/design This study is a single-center, prospective, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Participants who plan to undergo total knee arthroplasty will be randomly assigned to the esketamine group (N = 178) and placebo group (N = 178) in a ratio of 1:1. This trial aims to evaluate the impact of esketamine on postoperative rebound pain in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty. The primary outcome of this trial is the incidence of rebound pain within 12 h after the operation in the esketamine group and the placebo group. The secondary outcome will be to compare (1) the incidence of rebound pain 24 h after the operation; (2) the time to enter the pain cycle for the first time within 24 h after the procedure; (3) the first time of rebound pain occurred within 24 h after surgery; (4) the modified rebound pain score; (5) NRS score under rest and exercise at different time points; (6) the cumulative opioid consumption at different time points; (7) patient’s prognosis and knee joint function evaluation; (8) blood glucose and cortisol concentration; (9) patient’s satisfaction score; (10) adverse reactions and adverse events. Discussion The effect of ketamine on preventing postoperative rebound pain is contradictory and uncertain. The affinity of esketamine to the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor is about four times higher than levo-ketamine, the analgesic effect is 3 times higher than levo-ketamine, and there are fewer adverse mental reactions. To our knowledge, there is no randomized controlled trial to verify the impact of esketamine on postoperative rebound pain in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty. Therefore, this trial is expected to fill an important gap in relevant fields and provide novel evidence for individualized pain management. Clinical Trial Registration http://www.chictr.org.cn, identifier ChiCTR2300069044.
TL;DR: In this paper , a green route for synthesizing polyethylene glycol-based carbon dots (PEG•CDs) doped with liquid metal (LM•Cdots) via a solvent-free system is presented.
Abstract: Global emergence of multidrug‐resistant (MDR) gram‐negative bacteria triggers severe infections that result in an epidemic. It is urgent to discover novel classes of antibacterial agents. Here, a green route for synthesizing polyethylene glycol‐based carbon dots (PEG‐CDs) doped with liquid metal (LM‐Cdots) via a solvent‐free system is presented. LM‐Cdots synthesized via ultrasound exhibit great antibacterial activity against gram‐negative bacteria (E. coli, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, and A. baumannii) and their multidrug‐resistant (MDR) clinical isolates. In the in vitro antibacterial test with MDR K. pneumoniae, LM‐Cdots show an extremely low minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) of 0.63 µg mL−1. Compared to naked PEG‐CDs, the MIC is improved by 1000 times. In vivo results reveal that LM‐Cdots can accelerate wound healing with low biotoxicity and inflammation.
TL;DR: In this paper, a polydopamine (PD)-coated liquid metal nanoparticles (LMNPs) have been used in flexible devices to provide high stability against repeated stretch in water (sustaining cardiomyocyte beating for 1 month) and scratch.
Abstract: High biocompatibility and stability against water and scratch are crucial for liquid metal-based flexible electronics. Although previous studies have reported the chemical modification of liquid metal nanoparticles which can promote their water-stability and solution-processability, the modification process is complicated and hard to scale up. In particular, polydopamine (PD)-coated liquid metal nanoparticles (LMNPs) have not been used in flexible devices. We report the synthesis of the PD on LMNPs by thermal processing, which is controllable, fast, straightforward, and scalable. Because of the adhesiveness of PD, the PD@LM ink enables high-resolution printing on many substrates. The circuit printed by PD@LM shows high stability against repeated stretch in water (sustaining cardiomyocyte beating for 1 month─around 3 million times) and scratch. This conductive ink is highly biocompatible, conductive (4000 s/cm), and stretchable (up to 800% elongation). We cultured cardiomyocytes onto the PD@LM electrode and recorded the membrane potential change under electrical stimulation. For in vivo use, we fabricated a stable electrode to detect the electrocardiogram signal of a beating heart.
TL;DR: In this article , the effect of 4,6-diamino-2-pyrimidinethiol-modified gold nanoparticles (D-Au NPs) on intestinal mitochondria was investigated.
Abstract: Intestinal metabolism-related diseases, such as constipation, inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, and colorectal cancer, could be associated with the dysfunction of intestinal mitochondria. The mitochondria of intestinal epithelial cells are of great significance for promoting intestinal motility and maintaining intestinal metabolism. It is necessary for the prophylaxis and therapy of intestinal metabolism-related diseases to improve mitochondrial function. We investigated the effect of 4,6-diamino-2-pyrimidinethiol-modified gold nanoparticles (D-Au NPs) on intestinal mitochondria and studied the regulatory role of D-Au NPs on mitochondria metabolism-related disease. D-Au NPs improved the antioxidation capability of mitochondria, regulated the mitochondrial metabolism, and maintained intestinal cellular homeostasis via the activation of AMPK and regulation of PGC-1α with its downstream signaling (UCP2 and DRP1), enhancing the intestinal mechanical barrier. D-Au NPs improved the intestinal mitochondrial function to intervene in the emergence of constipation, which could help develop drugs to treat and prevent mitochondrial metabolism-related diseases. Our findings provided an in-depth understanding of the mitochondrial effects of Au NPs for improving human intestinal barriers.
TL;DR: In this article , a single-molecule digital detection of nucleic acid based on a CRISPR/Cas13a and microwell array was proposed, where magnetic beads capture and concentrate the target from a large volume of sample, which is 100 times larger than reported earlier.
Abstract: Conventional nucleic acid detection technologies usually rely on amplification to improve sensitivity, which has drawbacks, such as amplification bias, complicated operation, high requirements for complex instruments, and aerosol pollution. To address these concerns, we developed an integrated assay for the enrichment and single molecule digital detection of nucleic acid based on a CRISPR/Cas13a and microwell array. In our design, magnetic beads capture and concentrate the target from a large volume of sample, which is 100 times larger than reported earlier. The target-induced CRISPR/Cas13a cutting reaction was then dispersed and limited to a million individual femtoliter-sized microwells, thereby enhancing the local signal intensity to achieve single-molecule detection. The limit of this assay for amplification-free detection of SARS-CoV-2 is 2 aM. The implementation of this study will establish a "sample-in-answer-out" single-RNA detection technology without amplification and improve the sensitivity and specificity while shortening the detection time. This research has broad prospects in clinical application.
TL;DR: In this paper , a novel ratiometric detection system towards trace Cd(II), Pb(II) has been established by utilizing in-situ bismuth modified nitrogen rich porous carbon/boron doped diamond (Bi/NC/BDD) composite electrode.
Abstract: The high performance detection of heavy metal ions in crucial water sources is of great significance to protect human health and life safety. Herein, a novel ratiometric detection system towards trace Cd(II) and Pb(II) has been established by utilizing in-situ bismuth modified nitrogen rich porous carbon/boron doped diamond (Bi/NC/BDD) composite electrode. Benefiting from the interconnected hierarchical micro/mesoporous structure and N-embedded partially graphitized carbon matrix of NC modifier, as well as the formation of Bi-alloy, an excellent sensitivity with low limit of detection (LOD, 0.24 μg L-1 for Cd(II) and 0.37 μg L-1 for Pb(II)) is realized. Moreover, the built-in normalization function of Bi(III) reference signal effectively improves the reliability and reproducibility of detection results. This work provides an important guidance for the development of quality environmental monitoring electrodes.
TL;DR: This article proposed a fine-tuning-free strategy for pre-trained language models to consider both language signal and teacher signal, where the teacher signal is an abstraction of a battery of downstream tasks, provided in a unified proposition format.
Abstract: Pre-trained language models (PLMs) have achieved remarkable success in NLP tasks. Despite the great success, mainstream solutions largely follow the pre-training then finetuning paradigm, which brings in both high deployment costs and low training efficiency. Nevertheless, fine-tuning on a specific task is essential because PLMs are only pre-trained with language signal from large raw data. In this paper, we propose a novel fine-tuning-free strategy for language models, to consider both language signal and teacher signal. Teacher signal is an abstraction of a battery of downstream tasks, provided in a unified proposition format. Trained with both language and strong task-aware teacher signals in an interactive manner, our FreeLM model demonstrates strong generalization and robustness. FreeLM outperforms large models e.g., GPT-3 and InstructGPT, on a range of language understanding tasks in experiments. FreeLM is much smaller with 0.3B parameters, compared to 175B in these models.
TL;DR: In this article , a dual-effect liquid metal dressing with antibiotic delivery and hydrogen generation capacity for antibacterial and anti-inflammatory applications is reported, which provides a gentle approach for H2 therapy and responsive drug delivery.
TL;DR: In this article , seven AMT2-type genes (MeAMT2.1-2.7) were identified in cassava and their characteristics were analyzed using bioinformatic techniques, the spatial expression patterns were analyzed based on the public RNA-seq data and their expression profiles under low ammonium treatment were studied using Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) method.
Abstract: Background: Nitrogen (N), absorbed primarily as ammonium (NH4 +) from soil by plant, is a necessary macronutrient in plant growth and development. Ammonium transporter (AMT) plays a vital role in the absorption and transport of ammonium (NH4 +). Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) has a strong adaptability to nitrogen deprivation. However, little is known about the functions of ammonium transporter AMT2 in cassava. Methods: The cassava AMT2-type genes were identified and their characteristics were analyzed using bioinformatic techniques. The spatial expression patterns were analyzed based on the public RNA-seq data and their expression profiles under low ammonium treatment were studied using Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) method. The cassava AMT2 genes were transformed into yeast mutant strain TM31019b by PEG/LiAc method to investigate their functions. Results: Seven AMT2-type genes (MeAMT2.1-2.7) were identified in cassava and they were distributed on 6 chromosomes and included two segmental duplication events (MeAMT2.2/MeAMT2.4 and MeAMT2.3/MeAMT2.5). Based on their amino acid sequences, seven MeAMT2 were further divided into four subgroups, and each subgroup contained similar motif constitution and protein structure. Synteny analysis showed that two and four MeAMT2 genes in cassava were collinear with those in the Arabidopsis and soybean genomes, respectively. Sixteen types of cis-elements were identified in the MeAMT2 promoters, and they were related to light-, hormone-, stress-, and plant growth and development-responsive elements, respectively. Most of the MeAMT2 genes displayed tissue-specific expression patterns according to the RNA-seq data, of them, three MeAMT2 (MeAMT2.3, MeAMT2.5, and MeATM2.6) expressions were up-regulated under ammonium deficiency. Complementation experiments showed that yeast mutant strain TM31019b transformed with MeAMT2.3, MeAMT2.5, or MeATM2.6 grew better than untransgenic yeast cells under ammonium deficiency, suggesting that MeAMT2.3, MeAMT2.5, and MeATM2.6 might be the main contributors in response to ammonium deficiency in cassava. Conclusion: This study provides a basis for further study of nitrogen efficient utilization in cassava.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors investigated the significantly different metabolites (SDMs) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of Sesuvium portulacastrum samples under salinity.