Ziad Francis

TL;DR: Geant4 as discussed by the authors is a software toolkit for the simulation of the passage of particles through matter, which is used by a large number of experiments and projects in a variety of application domains, including high energy physics, astrophysics and space science, medical physics and radiation protection.

TL;DR: The results show that microdosimetric measurements in liquid water are necessary to assess quantitatively the validity of the software implementation for the liquid water phase, and represent a first step in the extension of the GEANT4 Monte Carlo toolkit to the simulation of biological effects of ionizing radiation.

TL;DR: This paper presents the most recent review of the Geant4-DNA extension, as available to Geant 4 users since June 2015 (release 10.2 Beta), and includes the description of new physical models for thedescription of electron elastic and inelastic interactions in liquid water, as well as new examples dedicated to the simulation of physicochemical and chemical stages of water radiolysis.

TL;DR: An overview of the whole on-going Geant4-DNA project is presented, including its most recent developments that are available in the Geant 4 toolkit since December 2009, as well as an illustration example simulating the direct irradiation of a biological chromatin fiber.

TL;DR: The Geant4-DNA project as mentioned in this paper proposes to develop an open-source simulation software based and fully included in the general-purpose geant4 Monte Carlo simulation toolkit, which is used to simulate biological damages induced by ionising radiation at the cellular and sub-cellular scale.