Showing papers by "Central Tuber Crops Research Institute published in 2018"
TL;DR: The bottleneck in commercialization, integrated approach for improved production, techno-economical feasibility and real-life uses of some of the high value-end biocommodities, as well as research gaps and future directions are discussed.
Abstract: The review focuses on some of the high value-end biocommodities, such as fermented beverages, single-cell proteins, single-cell oils, biocolors, flavors, fragrances, polysaccharides, biopesticides, plant growth regulators, bioethanol, biogas and biohydrogen, developed from the microbial processing of fruit and vegetable wastes. Microbial detoxification of fruit and vegetable processing effluents is briefly described. The advances in genetic engineering of microorganisms for enhanced yield of the above-mentioned biocommodities are elucidated with selected examples. The bottleneck in commercialization, integrated approach for improved production, techno-economical feasibility and real-life uses of some of these biocommodities, as well as research gaps and future directions are discussed.
82 citations
TL;DR: Modified starches were associated with lower setback viscosity indicating their lower temperature stability and the SDS and RS were significantly higher in modified starches of all origins and consequently there was a lower estimated glyceamic index (EGI).
61 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the MinION sequencing platform consistently revealed the presence of several plant virus species, including Dioscorea bacilliform virus, Yam mild mosaic virus and Yam chlorotic necrosis virus.
Abstract: We here assessed the capability of the MinION sequencing approach to detect and characterize viruses infecting a water yam plant. This sequencing platform consistently revealed the presence of several plant virus species, including Dioscorea bacilliform virus, Yam mild mosaic virus and Yam chlorotic necrosis virus. A potentially novel ampelovirus was also detected by a complimentary Illumina sequencing approach. The full-length genome sequence of yam chlorotic necrosis virus was determined using Sanger sequencing, which enabled determination of the coverage and sequencing accuracy of the MinION technology. Whereas the total mean sequencing error rate of yam chlorotic necrosis virus-related MinION reads was 11.25%, we show that the consensus sequence obtained either by de novo assembly or after mapping the MinION reads on the virus genomic sequence was >99.8% identical with the Sanger-derived reference sequence. From the perspective of potential plant disease diagnostic applications of MinION sequencing, these degrees of sequencing accuracy demonstrate that the MinION approach can be used to both reliably detect and accurately sequence nearly full-length positive-sense single-strand polyadenylated RNA plant virus genomes.
53 citations
TL;DR: OsPYL3 identified in this study could be a good candidate for genetic improvement of cold and drought stress tolerance of rice and other crop plants.
Abstract: Abscisic acid (ABA) plays an important role in plant development and adaptation to abiotic stresses. The pyrabactin resistance-like (PYL) gene family has been characterized as intracellular ABA receptors in Arabidopsis. We describe here the functional characterization of PYL3 ABA receptor from a drought-tolerant rice landrace Nagina 22 (N22). The induced expression level of the PYL3 transcript was observed in the N22 under different stress treatments, including cold, drought, high temperature, salt and ABA. In contrast, the expression of PYL3 was down-regulated in drought-susceptible rice cv. IR64 in response to above stresses. C-terminal GFP translational fusion of OsPYL3 was localized to both cytosol and nucleus explaining in part functional conservation of PYL protein as ABA receptor. Arabidopsis transgenic lines overexpressing OsPYL3 were hypersensitive to ABA suggesting ABA signaling pathway-dependent molecular response of the OsPYL3. Further, constitutive overexpression of OsPYL3 in Arabidopsis led to improved cold and drought stress tolerance. Thus, OsPYL3 identified in this study could be a good candidate for genetic improvement of cold and drought stress tolerance of rice and other crop plants.
52 citations
TL;DR: This is the first report of Lysinibacillus sphaericus as a nitrogen fixing and plant growth promoting endophyte with biocontrol activity.
50 citations
TL;DR: F-SHF of dilute sulphuric acid pretreated biomass could be considered as a comparatively advantageous process where only one time feeding of enzyme cocktail and yeast was adopted compared to multiple feeds of enzymes and yeast along with other additives such as detoxification mix or nutrient solution in F-SSF.
36 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of substitution level and physicochemical properties of the modified starches were correlated with their in-vitro starch digestibility, rapidly digestible starch (RDS), slowly digestible starchy contents, and resistant starch (RS) contents.
30 citations
28 citations
13 Jan 2018
TL;DR: HPLC sugar profile indicated that glucose was the predominant monosaccharide in the hydrolysates from this system, and indicated that this was the most effective pretreatment for cassava residues.
Abstract: The effect of microwave (MW)-assisted acid or alkali pretreatment (300 W, 7 min) followed by saccharification with a triple enzyme cocktail (Cellic, Optimash BG and Stargen) with or without detoxification mix on ethanol production from three cassava residues (stems, leaves and peels) by Saccharomyces cerevisiae was investigated. Significantly higher fermentable sugar yields (54.58, 47.39 and 64.06 g/L from stems, leaves and peels, respectively) were obtained after 120 h saccharification from MW-assisted alkali-pretreated systems supplemented (D+) with detoxification chemicals (Tween 20 + polyethylene glycol 4000 + sodium borohydride) compared to the non-supplemented (D0) or MW-assisted acid-pretreated systems. The percentage utilization of reducing sugars during fermentation (48 h) was also the highest (91.02, 87.16 and 89.71%, respectively, for stems, leaves and peels) for the MW-assisted alkali-pretreated (D+) systems. HPLC sugar profile indicated that glucose was the predominant monosaccharide in the hydrolysates from this system. Highest ethanol yields (YE, g/g), fermentation efficiency (%) and volumetric ethanol productivity (g/L/h) of 0.401, 78.49 and 0.449 (stems), 0.397, 77.71 and 0.341 (leaves) and 0.433, 84.65 and 0.518 (peels) were also obtained for this system. The highest ethanol yields (ml/kg dry biomass) of ca. 263, 200 and 303, respectively, for stems, leaves and peels from the MW-assisted alkali pretreatment (D+) indicated that this was the most effective pretreatment for cassava residues.
26 citations
01 Jan 2018
TL;DR: The chapter deals with the advances in technologies for industries related to the production of probiotics, prebiotics and nutraceuticals, and the food ethics, safety, regulations and the functional food market.
Abstract: The chapter deals with the advances in technologies for industries related to the production of probiotics, prebiotics and nutraceuticals. The novel innovations in important produces such as milk-based products, fruit- and vegetable-based products, root- and tuber-based products, dried probiotics and beverages are elucidated. Further, the latest technological interventions in nanotechnology, microencapsulation and immobilization techniques with respect to the functional food industries are presented. The chapter also describes the food ethics, safety, regulations and the functional food market.
25 citations
TL;DR: It can be suggested that fenugreek mucilage possesses promising anti-arthritic property and it can be used as a therapeutic agent for arthritis.
TL;DR: In this paper, a combination study of genomics and phenomics provides a clear understanding of the environment9s effect on the transformation of a genotype into phenotype, which can be used to predict the possible impact of climate change on vegetable crop production and also help in framing necessary adaptation measures.
Abstract: Climate change is an unavoidable phenomenon of natural and anthropogenic origin against which mitigation and adaptation are required to reduce the magnitude of impact and vulnerability, to avoid risk in vegetable farming and to ensure sustainable livelihoods of the agricultural community. Genetic improvement of vegetable crops is an appropriate adaptation strategy to cope with climate change adversities. A combination study of genomics and phenomics provides a clear understanding of the environment9s effect on the transformation of a genotype into phenotype. Grafting of a susceptible scion cultivar onto a resistant rootstock is another way of utilising plant biodiversity against climate change. Agronomic practices such as resource conservation technologies, mulching, organic farming, carbon sequestration by cropping systems and agroforestry provide a suite of possible strategies for addressing the impacts of climate change on vegetable production. Protected cultivation and post-harvest technology can be significant practices in facing the challenges of climate change. Weather forecasting models and growth simulation models can be used to predict the possible impact of climate change on vegetable crop production and they also help in framing necessary adaptation measures.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reported the preparation and evaluation of a water soluble octenyl succinylated cassava starch-curcumin nanoformulation with enhanced bioavailability and anticancer potential.
Abstract: The present study reports the preparation and evaluation of a water soluble octenyl succinylated cassava starch‐curcumin nanoformulation with enhanced bioavailability and anticancer potential. The major drawback of curcumin as a bioactive compound is its poor aqueous solubility and the resultant low bioavailability. In this study, curcumin has been incorporated in octenyl succinate cassava starch by a wet grinding method and the product is characterized by Fourier transform infra red spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. The OSA starch loaded nanocurcumin is found to be non‐toxic to L929 cells, but shows anti‐cancer potential to HeLa cells. A significant enhancement in cellular uptake also can be achieved for the OSA starch loaded nanocurcumin as revealed by fluorescence microscopy. The in vitro release of curcumin from the nanostarch matrix is more controlled at simulated intestinal pH than that at gastric pH. Pharmacokinetic study shows that bioavailability of nanocurcumin is increased by about 71.27%.
TL;DR: In this paper, six genotypes of taro (Colocasia esculenta L. Schott) were evaluated under in vitro and in vivo polyethylene glycol (PEG)-mediated osmotic stress conditions.
Abstract: Six genotypes of taro (Colocasia esculenta L. Schott) were evaluated under in vitro and in vivo polyethylene glycol (PEG–6000)-mediated osmotic stress conditions. A significant variation in growth response was observed among the taro genotypes under in vitro-induced stress conditions. In vivo results indicated a significant effect of osmotic stress on photosynthetic parameters, such as net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, stomatal resistance, internal CO2 concentration, carboxylation efficiency, and transpiration efficiency on the tested genotypes at the tuberization stage. Lesser variations in photosynthesis and higher accumulation of proline, phenols, and antioxidative enzymes, namely, superoxide dismutase and guaiacol peroxidase, were associated with yield maintenance under osmotic stress conditions. The genotypes DP–89, IGCOL–4, and Ramhipur showed a higher degree of tolerance towards osmotic stress with a minimum variation in the studied parameters. These genotypes could be lines of interest for intensification of breeding strategies to develop drought-tolerant plants.
TL;DR: In this article, the quantitative evaluation of fertility of tropical soils (QUEFTS) model was used for the estimation of NPK requirements for different targeted yields of potato, and the results of the study showed that to produce one ton of potato tubers, 18, 4, and 24 kg N, P, and K, respectively, would be needed with internal efficiencies of 55, 285, and 42 ǫkg tuber dry yield/kg N and K removed.
Abstract: Potato productivity in India is static due to unbalanced use of nutrients and intensive cropping system. Nutrient use efficiency and yield can be increased by application of nutrients based on quantitative approaches. We calibrated the quantitative evaluation of fertility of tropical soils (QUEFTS) model for the estimation of NPK requirements for different targeted yields of potato. Published data sets were used to calibrate the model. The results of the study showed that to produce one ton of potato tubers, 18, 4, and 24 kg N, P, and K, respectively, would be needed with internal efficiencies of 55, 285, and 42 kg tuber dry yield/kg N, P, and K removed. The observed yields of potato with different amount of nutrients were in agreement with the values predicted by the model. Therefore, the QUEFTS model based NPK fertilizer recommendations can be adopted for site-specific nutrient management of potato.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The scope of such crop associations, growth performance, production potential of tuber crops in such systems, management practices for realizing higher tuber yield and economic feasibility of the systems are evaluated in this paper.
Abstract: Tropical tuber crops like cassava, greater yam, lesser yam, elephant foot yam, taro, tannia and arrowroot are mostly grown in association with plantation/fruit/tree crops like coconut, arecanut, coffee, rubber, banana, mango, sapota, litchi etc. Intercropping tuber crops both at the immature and mature phases of these perennial crops is a common practice, especially in small and medium sized land holdings. This will help to augment the net income and employment opportunities, serve as insurance crop against risk and natural calamities, enhance the resource use efficiency and ensure food security. In such farms, the produce from the perennials generate the cash income, while the starchy root and tubers partially meet the food requirements of the farm family and the feed needs of farm animals. Cropping systems involving cereals, vegetables, pulses and oilseeds in tuber crops also enable higher employment and income generation. Extensive research in India has proved beyond doubt the agronomic and economic advantages of the cropping systems involving tropical root and tubers. The scope of such crop associations, growth performance, production potential of tuber crops in such systems, management practices for realizing higher tuber yield and economic feasibility of the systems are evaluated in this paper.
TL;DR: Triple-enzyme-based saccharification of steam-pretreated biomass significantly enhanced the overall conversion efficiency (OCE) and Supplementation with both xylanase and Stargen pronouncedly enhanced the OCE for steam- pretreated biomass with only insignificant difference between the exposure periods, indicating the obligatory need for both enzymes for optimal saccharified biomass.
Abstract: Lignocellulo-starch biomass (LCSB) comprising roots and vegetable processing wastes has high starch besides cellulose and hemicelluloses and warrants different pretreatment and saccharification approaches. The fermentable sugar yield from steam/dilute sulphuric acid (DSA)-pretreated biomass during saccharification with binary [cellulase + amylolytic enzyme (Stargen)] or triple (cellulase + xylanase + Stargen) enzyme cocktails was compared. The factors such as pH (5.0), temperature (50 °C) and enzyme dosage (16 FPU/g cellulose) for cellulase (Ecozyme RT80) action were optimized using response surface methodology. As pretreated liquor is rich in sugars, whole slurry saccharification was needed for LCSBs and saccharification efficiency (120 h) was significantly higher for steam-pretreated biomass with all application modes. Preferential hydrolysis of starch in steam-pretreated biomass by Stargen followed by cellulolysis was advantageous than the application sequence with cellulase followed by Stargen. Triple-enzyme-based saccharification of steam-pretreated biomass significantly enhanced the overall conversion efficiency (OCE; 85–98%) compared to only 28–49% in the native untreated biomass, while lower OCE was observed in the case of DSA-pretreated and saccharified biomass. Supplementation with both xylanase and Stargen pronouncedly enhanced the OCE for steam-pretreated biomass with only insignificant difference between the exposure periods, indicating the obligatory need for both enzymes for optimal saccharification of LCSBs.
TL;DR: Novel uses of the native plant species in the islands indicate their potential for exploitation in other coastal ecosystems and the potential plant resources of the region for direct human use and in future breeding programs are highlighted.
Abstract: The Lakshadweep is a tiny landmass of 32 km2 area (8o–12oN, 71o–74oE) constituted by a group of 27 small atolls located in the Indian territory of Arabian Sea of Indian Ocean. Studies on crop genetic diversity including wild relatives of crop plants of the region are little known except for coconut palm. This report deals with 106 collections assembled in two exploration and collection missions comprising 46 plant species under 35 genera belonging to 24 families. The plant germplasm collected during the trips are mostly useful as vegetable, fibre, medicinal plant, dye, edible tuber, timber and ecosystem service provider. The crop wild relatives collected during the study include that of sunnhemp, melon, yam, jute, pigeon pea, sugarcane, etc. A set of germplasm accessions was sent to national research institutes for regeneration. Out of the total collection, 64 accessions were assigned with national identity (Indigenous Collection or IC numbers: IC 0572014 to IC 0572077), and conserved in long term storage at National Gene Bank or in the field gene bank of ICAR-NBPGR, New Delhi. The important germplasm assembled from the islands include highly pungent betel leaf and a large fruited noni. Plants of Cajanus scarabaeoides (L.) Thouars, bitter less Cucumis melo L. var. agrestis Naudin saline tolerant Canavalia cathartica Thouars, Vigna marina (Burm.) Merr. and Corchorus trilocularis L. were the unique wild relatives collected. The current report is the first of its kind on the exploration and collection of plant genetic resources (other than coconut) from Lakshadweep Islands. Wild melon accessions collected are currently employed in distant hybridization programs. During the survey, ethnobotanic information of 23 plants for medicinal and other uses was also documented. Novel uses of the native plant species in the islands indicate their potential for exploitation in other coastal ecosystems. This report aims to highlight the potential plant resources of the region for direct human use and in future breeding programs.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors studied the productivity and profitability of elephant foot yam under both drip and flood irrigation methods, based on the data collected from field experiments conducted at ICAR-CTCRI, Thiruvananthapuram, during two years, 2013-14 and 2014-15.
Abstract: Productivity and profitability of elephant foot yam under drip and flood irrigation was worked out, based on the data collected from field experiments conducted at ICAR-CTCRI, Thiruvananthapuram, during two years, 2013-14 and 2014-15. The experiment consisted of two methods of irrigation (Drip and Flood irrigation methods ) applied at three periods of growth (first 12 weeks after planting (WAP), 13-24 WAP, 1-24 WAP) along with a rainfed crop for comparison. Whole corm size of 500 g each of the variety ‘Gajendra’ was uniformly used as the planting material. Pooled analysis of the data showed superiority of drip irrigation over flood irrigation. Among the six treatments, drip irrigation during 13-24 WAP resulted in the maximum corm yield (40.59 tha-1). However, corm yield was on par with drip or flood irrigation given during the period of 1-24 weeks. Even though the cost of cultivation was more under drip irrigation, it resulted in more gross (` 12,17,700) and net income (` 8,38,900) and B:C ratio (3.21). Maximum productivity per day and profitability per hectare per day were recorded when drip irrigation was provided during 13-24 WAP corms. Relative economic efficiency was 119 to 275% higher under drip irrigation and 109 to 168% higher under flood irrigation relative to rainfed cultivation. Productivity per mm of water consumption was more under drip irrigation, and the values were less under flood irrigation compared to rainfed conditions.
TL;DR: A high degree of genetic variation among 28 Fusarium isolates was indicated and PCR RFLP of IGS region was also found to be useful for diversity study in FUSarium.
Abstract: Nayak S, Dhua U, Chhotaray A, Samanta S, Sengupta C. 2018. Short Communication: Genetic diversity of fumonisin producing Fusarium isolates from rice using PCR-RFLP of IGS-rDNA region. Biodiversitas 19: 621-626. Fusarium verticillioides (Sacc.) and related species produce carcinogenic mycotoxin known as Fumonisins in several agricultural crops including rice. However, this principal food crop has been infected by genetically diverse Fusarium species. Odisha belongs to the coastal part of India and many popular rice varieties are in the food chain in this region. Many Fusarium species producing fumonisins have been found to be associated with these rice varieties. Hence, the genetic diversity of twenty eight Fumonisin producers and non producers of Fusarium pathogens in this region was carried out in the current study. The IGS regions of 28 Fusarium isolates (both fumonisin producing and non producing) were amplified and the PCR products were restriction digested with ECoRI and HhaI. The digested products were separated on PAGE and bands were visualized by Silver Nitrate Staining. The 28 isolates could be separated into 14 IGS haplotypes. The lowest similarity was detected to be of 33% between F40 and F47. A group containing 14 isolates represented the biggest haplotypes. The isolates in which the FUM gene had not been detected (fumonisin non producer) were in a separate group having 90% similarity with each other and placed consistently in separate branch from others. Presence of unique band for this group was observed at 1650bp where as absence of specific bands was observed at 380bp and 300bp. The result of this study indicated a high degree of genetic variation among 28 Fusarium isolates. PCR RFLP of IGS region was also found to be useful for diversity study in Fusarium.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: All dendrograms, including that obtained by the combined use of both the ISSR and SSR marker data, depicted the genetic relationship/variability among the accessions, depending upon their species similarity/dissimilarity.
Abstract: Microsatellite markers such as ISSRs and SSRs were used to study the genetic variability among 15 selected accessions in 8 species of Curcuma germplasm comprising of two accessions in each of the seven Curcuma species and one of C. longa. Of the primers tested, 10 (out of 10) ISSR and 7 (out of 10) SSR primers were selected for their reproducibility and high polymorphism. A total of 166 polymorphic ISSR bands were detected out of 176 bands and a total of 123 polymorphic SSR bands were detected out of 135 bands. Results demonstrated an extensive genetic variability within the selected accessions as well as the value of ISSR and SSR markers in characterization of Curcuma species. Marker scoring data was used to construct UPGMA dendrogram and Pearson Correlation Coefficient. For both markers a high similarity in dendrogram clustering was obtained. All dendrograms, including that obtained by the combined use of both the ISSR and SSR marker data, depicted the genetic relationship/variability among the accessions, depending upon their species similarity/dissimilarity.
TL;DR: The extracted DNA was found to be suitable for further downstream applications like ITS amplification of the rDNA ITS region and PCR amplification with species-specific primers, and CTAB method and the commercial genomic DNA purification kit.
Abstract: Genomic DNA extraction protocol with relatively high quantity and purity is prerequisite for the successful molecular identification and characterisation of plant pathogens. Conventional DNA extraction methods are often time-consuming and yield only very poor quantity of genomic DNA for samples with higher mycelial age. In our laboratory, we have aimed at establishing an efficient DNA isolation procedure, exclusively for the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora colocasiae causing serious leaf blight disease in taro. For this a phenol free protocol was adopted, which involves SDS/Proteinase K-based inactivation of protein contaminants, extraction of nucleic acids using chloroform: isoamyl alcohol and later precipitation of genomic DNA using isopropanol and sodium acetate. The purity of the isolated DNA was analysed by A260/280 and A260/230 spectrophotometric readings and confirmed by restriction digestion with restriction enzyme Eco RI. In this study, a comparative assessment was done with CTAB method an...
22 Nov 2018
TL;DR: The main advantage of this IoT device is that it retrieves real time information about the various soil and weather parameters for analysis and thereby giving the respective farmer with precise advisory.
Abstract: Electronic Crop (e-Crop) is an electronic crop simulator. The device computes how much food is produced by the plant using the given sunlight, water and other factors. It informs the farmer about the status of the crop, its input requirements to realize targeted yield as well as about the forecasts regarding the crop and scheduling of irrigation, nutrient applications, agronomic and plant protection operations. Forecasting of yield of the crop can be done more accurately at local, regional and national level. Device gives information to the farmer in the form of SMS. This device can be used for giving real-time agro advisory on any crop to reduce yield gap and to achieve targeted yield. One device is sufficient for different crops grown in a continuous geographical area with uniform weather conditions. It is a single point solution for many problems in agriculture. The main advantage of this IoT device is that it retrieves real time information about the various soil and weather parameters for analysis and thereby giving the respective farmer with precise advisory.