Ciena

About: Ciena is a company organization based out in Hanover, Maryland, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Signal & Node (networking). The organization has 1259 authors who have published 1557 publications receiving 25989 citations.

Apparatus for comparing tensile or compressive stresses imposed on different parts of optical fiber

Abstract: The invention was originally developed to determine the strain-relief capability of a fusion splice protector as well as the compressive stress imparted to a fusion splice by the splice protector The invention also permits performance and comparative analyses of splice protectors as well as any package in which the optical fiber is at least partially disposed To those ends a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) is axially arranged relative to the package such that a free or reference section of the FBG protrudes from the package while a shielded section lies within the package Broadband light is supplied to the FBG which reflects certain wavelengths that are measured by an optical spectrum analyzer The FBG reflected spectra will be split into two peaks as the reference and shielded sections experience different amounts or types of stress thereby providing a powerful analysis tool A wavelength shift in the reflected spectra reveals the amount of stress experienced by the reference and free sections and permits a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the stress applied by the package and the package's ability to protect fiber from stress (eg such as that imposed by a tension pull test) Measurements may be made after a variety of conditions are changed such as splice protector curing, axial tension application, axial tension release, time, and age accelerating environments Comparative studies and various other calculations may also be performed to evaluate different packages

Method and apparatus for computing the error locator polynomial in a decoder of a forward error correction (FEC) system

Abstract: A method and apparatus for performing quickly and efficiently generating the error correction polynomial. In accordance with the present invention, multiple coefficients of the syndrome vector are processed in parallel by a Berlekamp algorithm logic block of the present invention. The Berlekamp algorithm's iterations can be performed in less than 60 clock cycles for a large order error correction polynomial, thereby enabling the polynomial to be generated very rapidly. In order to perform the Berlekamp algorithm at such a high rate of speed, Galois field multiplier logic is utilized in performing the algorithm. Furthermore, because of the large number of logical multiplication and addition operations that are performed in parallel, the Galois filed multiplier logic in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present invention is configured in such a way that redundancy in processing polynomial coefficients is greatly reduced, which enables the number of logic gates needed to implement the Galois field multiplier logic to be vastly reduced. This reduction in the number of gates used for this purpose reduces area and power consumption requirements.

The number of four-wave mixing (FWM) waves in WDM systems and its applications

Abstract: Explicit formulas are derived for the number of four-wave mixing (FWM) waves that fall onto each signal channel in wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) systems. These formulas indicate that the maximum number of FWM products on one channel in a WDM system has quadratic dependence on the number of channels. FWM crosstalk in WDM systems can be estimated by using these formulas in combining with other system parameters. They also provide a fast way to perform conversions on number of channels (or capacity) among different bit rates, such as 2.5, 10 and 40 Gbit/s, for given optical bandwidths of optical amplifiers.

Systems and methods for synchronous generic framing protocol mapping

Abstract: The present invention provides systems and methods for mapping synchronous input signals, such as synchronous Ethernet, into Generic Framing Protocol (GFP) frames for using GFP directly on Optical Transport Network (OTN) while preserving the synchronous timing of the input signals. The present invention defines a mapping technique for GFP-based encapsulation that preserves timing information of an incoming client signal. The mapping technique makes use of the concept that a timing signal can be fractionally multiplied in frequency using factors that are ratios of integers without creating significant timing impairments.

Artificial Neural Networks for Fiber Nonlinear Noise Estimation

Abstract: OSNR monitoring techniques are reviewed and a use of machine learning to estimate the nonlinear noise and thereby monitor the OSNR is described. High monitoring accuracy is demonstrated for a wide range of link conditions using an artificial neural network.