Free University of Berlin

About: Free University of Berlin is a education organization based out in Berlin, Germany. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Context (language use). The organization has 35195 authors who have published 66525 publications receiving 2094403 citations. The organization is also known as: FU Berlin.

Crustal channel flows: 2. Numerical models with implications for metamorphism in the Himalayan-Tibetan orogen

Abstract: [1] Results from a thermal-mechanical model (HT1) that includes midcrustal channel flow are compatible with many features of the Himalayan-Tibetan system. Radioactive self-heating and rheological weakening of thickened model orogenic crust lead to the formation of a hot, low-viscosity midcrustal channel and a broad plateau. Channel material, corresponding to the Greater Himalayan Sequence (GHS), flows outward from beneath the plateau in response to topographically induced differential pressure. At the plateau flank it is exhumed by focused surface denudation and juxtaposed with cooler, newly accreted material corresponding to the Lesser Himalayan Sequence (LHS). The model channel is bounded by coeval thrust and normal sense ductile shear zones, interpreted to represent the Main Central Thrust (MCT) zone and South Tibetan Detachment system, respectively. Inverted metamorphism associated with the model MCT zone results from distributed ductile shear along the MCT and extrusion of the hot channel. A variety of model P-T-t path styles, resembling those observed in the GHS and LHS, are produced for points traveling through contrasting tectonic regimes that coexist in different parts of the model. Predicted times of peak metamorphism, cooling, and erosion of metamorphic facies are generally compatible with observations, although model GHS cooling ages are too young. The times of M1 and M2 metamorphic “events” observed in the GHS correspond to model times of maximum burial and maximum heating, respectively. The results highlight the need to integrate tectonics and metamorphism in continental collision models and demonstrate the importance of lateral transport of both heat and material in large hot orogens.

Linked data on the web (LDOW2008)

Abstract: The Web is increasingly understood as a global information space consisting not just of linked documents, but also of Linked Data. More than just a vision, the resulting Web of Data has been brought into being by the maturing of the Semantic Web technology stack, and by the publication of an increasing number of datasets according to the principles of Linked Data.The Linked Data on the Web (LDOW2008) workshop brings together researchers and practitioners working on all aspects of Linked Data. The workshop provides a forum to present the state of the art in the field and to discuss ongoing and future research challenges. In this workshop summary we will outline the technical context in which Linked Data is situated, describe developments in the past year through initiatives such as the Linking Open Data community project, and look ahead to the workshop itself.

Malignant liver tumors treated with MR imaging-guided laser-induced thermotherapy : technique and prospective results

Abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate magnetic resonance (MR) imaging-guided laser-induced thermotherapy (LITT) of liver metastases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a phase II study, 20 patients with 33 metastases from colorectal carcinoma (75%) or other primary tumors (25%) underwent LITT. MR thermometry performed with fast low-angle shot sequences was used to monitor therapy on-line, and dynamic and static contrast material-enhanced MR images enabled estimation of the degree of resultant necrosis. Follow-up studies were performed 3 months after thermotherapy. RESULTS: The thermosequences enabled accurate on-line monitoring in 85% of lesions. In 69% of lesions 20 mm in diameter or smaller, contrast-enhanced MR images depicted substantial necrosis, with a local tumor control rate of 69% after 6 months and 44% after 12 months. Among lesions larger than 20 mm, necrosis was frequently incomplete, with a local control rate of only 41% after 6 months and 27% after 12 months. CONCLUSION: MR imaging-guided LITT of liver metastases is ...

Intermolecular coulomb couplings from ab initio electrostatic potentials: application to optical transitions of strongly coupled pigments in photosynthetic antennae and reaction centers.

Abstract: An accurate and numerically efficient method for the calculation of intermolecular Coulomb couplings between charge densities of electronic states and between transition densities of electronic excitations is presented. The coupling of transition densities yields the Forster type excitation energy transfer coupling, and from the charge density coupling, a shift in molecular excitation energies results. Starting from an ab initio calculation of the charge and transition densities, atomic partial charges are determined such as to fit the resulting electrostatic potentials of the different states and the transition. The different intermolecular couplings are then obtained from the Coulomb couplings between the respective atomic partial charges. The excitation energy transfer couplings obtained in the present TrEsp (transition charge from electrostatic potential) method are compared with couplings obtained from the simple point-dipole and extended dipole approximations and with those from the ab initio transition density cube method of Kruger, Scholes, and Fleming. The present method is of the same accuracy as the latter but computationally more efficient. The method is applied to study strongly coupled pigments in the light-harvesting complexes of green sulfur bacteria (FMO), purple bacteria (LH2), and higher plants (LHC-II) and the "special pairs" of bacterial reaction centers and reaction centers of photosystems I and II. For the pigment dimers in the antennae, it is found that the mutual orientation of the pigments is optimized for maximum excitonic coupling. A driving force for this orientation is the Coulomb coupling between ground-state charge densities. In the case of excitonic couplings in the "special pairs", a breakdown of the point-dipole approximation is found for all three reaction centers, but the extended dipole approximation works surprisingly well, if the extent of the transition dipole is chosen larger than assumed previously. For the "special pairs", a large shift in local transition energies is found due to charge density coupling.