Institution
Free University of Berlin
Education•Berlin, Germany•
About: Free University of Berlin is a education organization based out in Berlin, Germany. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Context (language use). The organization has 35195 authors who have published 66525 publications receiving 2094403 citations. The organization is also known as: FU Berlin.
Topics: Population, Context (language use), Excited state, Receptor, Politics
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: In a systematic review of scaffold architectures, the underlying effects and control options will be demonstrated, and suggestions will be given for designing effective multivalent binding systems, as well as for polyvalent therapeutics.
Abstract: Multivalent interactions can be applied universally for a targeted strengthening of an interaction between different interfaces or molecules. The binding partners form cooperative, multiple receptor-ligand interactions that are based on individually weak, noncovalent bonds and are thus generally reversible. Hence, multi- and polyvalent interactions play a decisive role in biological systems for recognition, adhesion, and signal processes. The scientific and practical realization of this principle will be demonstrated by the development of simple artificial and theoretical models, from natural systems to functional, application-oriented systems. In a systematic review of scaffold architectures, the underlying effects and control options will be demonstrated, and suggestions will be given for designing effective multivalent binding systems, as well as for polyvalent therapeutics.
820 citations
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TL;DR: The physics behind the drug nanocrystals and changes of their physical properties are discussed, and the special physical effects of nanocry crystals explained which are utilized in each market product.
Abstract: Nanotechnology will affect our lives tremendously over the next decade in very different fields, including medicine and pharmacy Transfer of materials into the nanodimension changes their physical properties which were used in pharmaceutics to develop a new innovative formulation principle for poorly soluble drugs: the drug nanocrystals The drug nanocrystals do not belong to the future; the first products are already on the market The industrially relevant production technologies, pearl milling and high pressure homogenization, are reviewed The physics behind the drug nanocrystals and changes of their physical properties are discussed The marketed products are presented and the special physical effects ofnanocrystals explained which are utilized in each market product Examples of products in the development pipelines (clinical phases) are presented and the benefits for in vivo administration of drug nanocrystals are summarized in an overview
818 citations
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Stellenbosch University1, University of Western Australia2, University of Kiel3, University of Geneva4, Free University of Berlin5, Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts6, University of Nova Gorica7, Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts8, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic9, University of Vienna10, University of Bayreuth11, Complutense University of Madrid12, Masaryk University13, Sapienza University of Rome14, University of Zielona Góra15, University of Münster16, University of Göttingen17, Russian Academy of Sciences18, Slovak Academy of Sciences19, Radboud University Nijmegen20, Wageningen University and Research Centre21, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine22, University of Lisbon23, University of Vechta24, University of California, Davis25, University of Patras26
TL;DR: This paper features the first comprehensive and critical account of European syntaxa and synthesizes more than 100 yr of classification effort by European phytosociologists.
Abstract: Aims: Vegetation classification consistent with the
Braun-Blanquet approach is widely used in Europe for applied
vegetation science, conservation planning and land management.
During the long history of syntaxonomy, many concepts and names
of vegetation units have been proposed, but there has been no
single classification system integrating these units. Here we
(1) present a comprehensive, hierarchical, syntaxonomic system
of alliances, orders and classes of Braun-Blanquet syntaxonomy
for vascular plant, bryophyte and lichen, and algal communities
of Europe; (2) briefly characterize in ecological and
geographic terms accepted syntaxonomic concepts; (3) link
available synonyms to these accepted concepts; and (4) provide
a list of diagnostic species for all classes. LocationEuropean
mainland, Greenland, Arctic archipelagos (including Iceland,
Svalbard, Novaya Zemlya), Canary Islands, Madeira, Azores,
Caucasus, Cyprus. Methods: We evaluated approximately 10000
bibliographic sources to create a comprehensive list of
previously proposed syntaxonomic units. These units were
evaluated by experts for their floristic and ecological
distinctness, clarity of geographic distribution and compliance
with the nomenclature code. Accepted units were compiled into
three systems of classes, orders and alliances
(EuroVegChecklist, EVC) for communities dominated by vascular
plants (EVC1), bryophytes and lichens (EVC2) and algae (EVC3).
Results: EVC1 includes 109 classes, 300 orders and 1108
alliances; EVC2 includes 27 classes, 53 orders and 137
alliances, and EVC3 includes 13 classes, 24 orders and 53
alliances. In total 13448 taxa were assigned as indicator
species to classes of EVC1, 2087 to classes of EVC2 and 368 to
classes of EVC3. Accepted syntaxonomic concepts are summarized
in a series of appendices, and detailed information on each is
accessible through the software tool EuroVegBrowser.
Conclusions: This paper features the first comprehensive and
critical account of European syntaxa and synthesizes more than
100 yr of classification effort by European phytosociologists.
It aims to document and stabilize the concepts and nomenclature
of syntaxa for practical uses, such as calibration of habitat
classification used by the European Union, standardization of
terminology for environmental assessment, management and
conservation of nature areas, landscape planning and education.
The presented classification systems provide a baseline for
future development and revision of European syntaxonomy.
817 citations
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TL;DR: The variational principle of conformation dynamics is used to derive an optimal way of identifying the "slow subspace" of a large set of prior order parameters - either generic internal coordinates or a user-defined set of parameters.
Abstract: A goal in the kinetic characterization of a macromolecular system is the description of its slow relaxation processes via (i) identification of the structural changes involved in these processes and (ii) estimation of the rates or timescales at which these slow processes occur. Most of the approaches to this task, including Markov models, master-equation models, and kinetic network models, start by discretizing the high-dimensional state space and then characterize relaxation processes in terms of the eigenvectors and eigenvalues of a discrete transition matrix. The practical success of such an approach depends very much on the ability to finely discretize the slow order parameters. How can this task be achieved in a high-dimensional configuration space without relying on subjective guesses of the slow order parameters? In this paper, we use the variational principle of conformation dynamics to derive an optimal way of identifying the "slow subspace" of a large set of prior order parameters - either generic internal coordinates or a user-defined set of parameters. Using a variational formulation of conformational dynamics, it is shown that an existing method-the time-lagged independent component analysis-provides the optional solution to this problem. In addition, optimal indicators-order parameters indicating the progress of the slow transitions and thus may serve as reaction coordinates-are readily identified. We demonstrate that the slow subspace is well suited to construct accurate kinetic models of two sets of molecular dynamics simulations, the 6-residue fluorescent peptide MR121-GSGSW and the 30-residue intrinsically disordered peptide kinase inducible domain (KID). The identified optimal indicators reveal the structural changes associated with the slow processes of the molecular system under analysis.
813 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, a set of survey questions and a representative sample of roughly 22,000 individuals living in Germany were used to find evidence of heterogeneity across individuals, and show that willingness to take risks is negatively related to age and being female, and positively related to height and parental education.
Abstract: This paper presents new evidence on the distribution of risk attitudes in the population, using a novel set of survey questions and a representative sample of roughly 22,000 individuals living in Germany. Using a question that asks about willingness to take risks in general, on an 11-point scale, we find evidence of heterogeneity across individuals, and show that willingness to take risks is negatively related to age and being female, and positively related to height and parental education. We test the behavioral relevance of this survey measure by conducting a complementary field experiment, based on a representative sample of 450 subjects, and find that the general risk question is a good predictor of actual risk-taking behavior. We then use a more standard lottery question to measure risk preferences in our sample of 22,000, and find similar results regarding heterogeneity and determinants of risk preferences, compared to the general risk question. The lottery question also makes it possible to estimate the coefficient of relative risk aversion for each individual in the sample. Using five questions about willingness to take risks in specific domains - car driving, financial matters, sports and leisure, career, and health - the paper also studies the impact of context on risk attitudes, finding a strong but imperfect correlation across contexts. Using data on a collection of risky behaviors from different contexts, including traffic offences, portfolio choice, smoking, occupational choice, participation in sports, and migration, the paper compares the predictive power of all of the risk measures. Strikingly, the general risk question predicts all behaviors whereas the standard lottery measure does not. The best predictor for any specific behavior is typically the corresponding context-specific measure.
810 citations
Authors
Showing all 35717 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Andreas Pfeiffer | 149 | 1756 | 131080 |
Nicholas A. Peppas | 141 | 825 | 90533 |
Robert H. Purcell | 139 | 666 | 70366 |
Andrea Castro | 132 | 1500 | 90019 |
Klaus Ley | 129 | 495 | 57964 |
Klaus-Robert Müller | 129 | 764 | 79391 |
Britton Chance | 128 | 1112 | 76591 |
Stefan H. E. Kaufmann | 126 | 925 | 58891 |
Thomas F. Tedder | 123 | 426 | 48374 |
Aravinda Chakravarti | 120 | 451 | 99632 |
Jerome Ritz | 120 | 644 | 47987 |
Thomas C. Quinn | 120 | 827 | 65881 |
Angela D. Friederici | 120 | 701 | 50191 |
E. K. U. Gross | 119 | 1154 | 75970 |
Alexander Rich | 115 | 539 | 50171 |