Showing papers by "Hokkaido University published in 1987"
TL;DR: The syn-thetic oligodeoxynucleotides, with or without an 8-OH-dG residue in a specified position, were chemically synthesized and used as templates for DNA synthesis under the conditions of the dideoxy chain termination sequencing method.
Abstract: It has been shown previously that deoxyguanosine residues in DNA are hydroxylated at the C-8 position both in vitro and in vivo to produce 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) by various agents that produce oxygen radicals such as reducing reagents-O2, metal ions-O2, polyphenol-H2O2-Fe3+, asbestos-H2O2 or ionizing radiation. These agents are mostly either mutagenic or carcinogenic; therefore, the formation of 8-OH-dG can also be considered a likely cause of mutation or carcinogenesis by oxygen radicals. It is of interest to know whether the 8-OH-dG residue in DNA is misread during DNA replication. To answer this question, we have examined the effect of the 8-OH-dG residue in DNA on the fidelity of DNA replication using a DNA synthesis system in vitro with Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I (Klenow fragment). The synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides, with or without an 8-OH-dG residue in a specified position, were chemically synthesized and used as templates for DNA synthesis under the conditions of the dideoxy chain termination sequencing method. Surprisingly, in addition to misreading of the 8-OH-dG residue itself, pyrimidines next to the 8-OH-dG residue (G has not yet been tested) were also misread.
776 citations
TL;DR: In this review an account is given of the chemical characteristics of the 52 metallothioneins whose primary structures are now known completely or in part and of the spatial structure models derived from X-ray diffraction crystallographic analysis and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Abstract: A wealth of chemical, spectroscopic and structural data attest to the uniqueness of the metallothioneins as a group of novel bioinorganic structures. Their earmarking feature is the arrangement of “soft” metal ions in complexes with cysteine side chains to form discrete metal-thiolate clusters. In this review an account is given of the chemical characteristics of the 52 metallothioneins whose primary structures are now known completely or in part. Also included is an up-to-date summary of the spectroscopic properties and of the spatial structure models derived from X-ray diffraction crystallographic analysis and from two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
502 citations
TL;DR: A concise survey on totally positive matrices and related topics can be found in this paper, where the authors present a unified method for computing the total positivity of a matrices.
443 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a nonaribonucleotide, [5'-32P]pACUUACCUG, was cleaved specifically upon treatment with RNase H. This method will have a variety of applications in the field of RNA engineering.
380 citations
TL;DR: The data suggest that the inactive X-specific methylation of sequences such as those in the first intron of the Hprt gene does not play any role in the primary events of X-inactivation, but may function as part of a secondary, tissue-specific mechanism for maintaining the inactive state.
369 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the Lyapunov analysis is used to study the high-dimensional chaotic states of a class of delay-differential equations with time delayed feedback such as nonlinear optical resonators.
355 citations
TL;DR: The nonenzymatic glycosylation (glycation) of Cu-Zn-superoxide dismutase led to gradual inactivation of the enzyme, which resulted in the gradual accumulation of radioactivity in the enzyme protein, and Schiff base adducts were trapped by NaBH4.
282 citations
TL;DR: Kinetic refolding reactions of ferricytochrome c and β‐lactoglobulin have been studied by stopped‐flow circular dichroism by monitoring rapid ellipticity changes of peptide backbone and side‐chain chromophores to suggest the rapid formation of a secondary structure framework in protein folding is a common property observed in a variety of globular proteins.
235 citations
TL;DR: A new method to visualize the microcirculation map using a dynamic laser speckle effect and the results were displayed in color graphics showing the spatial variation of the flow level in the area of interest.
Abstract: A new method is proposed to visualize the microcirculation map using a dynamic laser speckle effect. A skin surface is illuminated by He-Ne laser line spot and its image speckle is detected by a CCD array sensor. The erence between a pair of output data for successive scannings of the image speckles at the sensor plane was calculated and integrated for each pixel. The results were displayed in color graphics showing the spatial variation of the flow level in the area of interest.
222 citations
TL;DR: The LEC rats provide an animal model useful for the basic and clinical studies of hepatitis and liver cancer, including their pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment, and genetic tests indicate that at least a single autosomal recessive gene is responsible for the major cause of hepatitis.
Abstract: A new mutant causing hereditary hepatitis associated with severe jaundice has been discovered in the LEC strain of rats. Hepatitis appears suddenly in adult rats three to four months after birth. The clinical signs of hepatitis are characterized by severe jaundice, subcutaneous bleeding, oliguria, and loss of body weight. The affected rats showed a high lethality and histological changes of the liver with focal necrosis of enlarged hepatocytes without inflammatory cell response. Genetic tests indicate that at least a single autosomal recessive gene is responsible for the major cause of hepatitis. Furthermore, liver cancer appears in long survived rats after recovery from jaundice as well as a few asymptomatic rats without jaundice. The LEC rats thus provide an animal model useful for the basic and clinical studies of hepatitis and liver cancer, including their pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment.
213 citations
TL;DR: This is the first demonstration that superoxide dismutase is glucosylated in erythrocytes and that the glucOSylation leads to the inactivation of the enzyme.
TL;DR: The results do not support the simple dichotomy hypothesis that SMA primarily takes part in self-paced movement and PM is only involved in visually triggered movement, but PM neurons show relatively more prominent responses to the visual trigger signal and SMA neurons are intimately related to a long-lasting process leading to initiation of the self- paced movement.
Abstract: Single cell activity was examined in the three motor fields of the monkey frontal cortex with the aim of comparing the neuronal activity preceding movements triggered by a visual signal to that preceding nontriggered (self-paced) movements. The following findings emerged from this study. 1. Neuronal activity changes were observed at two different phases in relation to the movement onset; the shortlead type observed within 480 ms prior to the movement onset and the long-lead type, beginning earlier (typically 1 to 2 s). 2. Neurons in both the supplementary motor area (SMA) and premotor area (PM) exhibited the short-lead activity changes prior to the triggered and self-paced movement. Their magnitudes were similar in 63% of SMA and in 36% of PM neurons, whether the movement was triggered or self-paced. 3. SMA neurons, as a whole, were not less active before the triggered than self-paced movement. 4. On the other hand, as many as 92 PM neurons (61%) were related exclusively or peferentially to the triggered movement. 5. The majority of precentral motor cortex (MC) neurons exhibited similar activity changes before the two modes of movement initiation. 6. The long lead type of activity changes were observed mainly prior to the self-paced and much less frequently before the triggered movement. They were particularly abundant among SMA neurons. These results do not support the simple dichotomy hypothesis that SMA primarily takes part in self-paced movement and PM is only involved in visually triggered movement. However, PM neurons show relatively more prominent responses to the visual trigger signal and SMA neurons are intimately related to a long-lasting process leading to initiation of the self-paced movement.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the properties of the transition layer on the surface of an ice crystal at temperatures just below its bulk melting point (0°C) using ellipsometry.
TL;DR: A new GTP‐binding protein serving as the specific substrate of islet‐activating protein (IAP), pertussis toxin, was purified from porcine brain membranes as an αβγ‐heterotrimeric structure, which differed from that of Gi or Go previously purified from brain tissues in the α‐subunit.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of shear stress on the regenerative response of cultured vascular endothelial cells was examined by using a fluid shear apparatus designed in their laboratory, which was created on the endothelial cell layer of a fetal calf and grown confluently in a culture dish by whirling the medium, with a rotating disk placed on the fluid surface.
TL;DR: A digital phase-measuring interferometer with a laser-diode source has been developed that is based on a fringe-scanning technique with a stepwise wavelength change by variation of the laser injection current.
Abstract: A digital phase-measuring interferometer with a laser-diode source has been developed that is based on a fringe-scanning technique with a stepwise wavelength change by variation of the laser injection current. The phase is changed to produce a relative phase difference between the beams in the two arms of the interferometer. Calibrated phase shifts used for a phase-extraction algorithm are derived from one-dimensional least-squares fits to cosine fringe functions to achieve accurate results. Experimental results are presented.
TL;DR: An allosteric ATP binding site is suggested to participate in ANF‐induced regulation of membrane‐bound guanylate cyclase in Percoll‐purified liver plasma membranes.
TL;DR: The present revised version includes amendments to these recommendations as adopted by the Committee on the Nomenclature of Metallothionein appointed at the General Discussion Session of the Second International Meeting on Metallothionin and Other Low Molecular Weight Metal-binding Proteins in 1985.
Abstract: The original recommendations concerning the nomenclature of metallothionein were made by the plenum of the First International Meeting on Metallothionein and Other Low Molecular Weight Metal-binding Proteins in 1978 (Nordberg and Kojima, 1979). The present revised version includes amendments to these recommendations as adopted by the Committee on the Nomenclature of Metallothionein appointed at the General Discussion Session of the Second International Meeting on Metallothionein and Other Low Molecular Weight Metal-binding Proteins in 1985.
TL;DR: In this article, the formation and oxidation of linear CO(a) from CH 3 OH and HCOOH on a platinum electrode in 0.5 M H 2 SO 4 has been studied by using in-situ polarization modulated infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy as a function of the electrode potential.
TL;DR: It is concluded that methamphetamine manifests an activity rhythm whose period is in the circadian range and the rhythmicity is independent of the SCN and is not entrained by the light-dark cycle.
TL;DR: The acid-base and oxidizing properties and the structures of ZrOn prepared with ammonia or urea and ZrO 2 treated with sulfuric acid or ammonium sulfate have been investigated as mentioned in this paper.
TL;DR: A real-valued continuous function f(2) defined on a (finite or infinite) interval of the real line is said to be operator monotone if, for any pair of bounded selfadjoint operators A, B on an infinite dimensional Hilbert space, A > B implies f (A) > f(B) as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: A real-valued continuous function f(2) defined on a (finite or infinite) interval of the real line is said to be operator monotone if, for any pair of bounded selfadjoint operators A, B on an infinite dimensional Hilbert space, A > B implies f (A) > f(B). Here f(A) and f(B) are defined according to the usual functional calculus, and > refers to the order relation induced by the cone of positive (semi-definite) operators. Operator monotony is quite a restrictive condition. In fact, for p > 0 the function f(2): = 2 p is operator monotone on the half-line [0, c~) if and only if 0 1 the function f(2) = 2 p possesses some property akin to operator monotony. In this direction Furuta I-3] recently observed that if r > 0, p > 0, q > 1 satisfies (1 + 2r)q > p + 2r then A > B > 0 implies A tp § 2,)/q > (ArBPA r) l/~. If p = 2r and q = 2, the requirement is automatically satisfied, hence A p > (Ap/2BPAP/2)I/2 whenever A > B > 0. When A is invertible, this means that
TL;DR: In this article, the basic theory of the spatial filtering method is examined by analyzing the filtering characteristics of a spatial filter using the power spectral density function, and signal analyses are summarized as one of the techniques used in the spatio-temporal filtering method.
Abstract: As one of the interesting optical techniques for measurements of the velocity, the spatial-filtering method is treated briefly in this review. The basic theory of the method is examined by analyzing the filtering characteristics of a spatial filter using the power spectral density function. The signal analyses are summarized as one of the techniques used in the spatial filtering method. Various configurations of the spatial filtering velocimeter are classified into typical four groups and outlined according to a variety of spatial filters employed in the velocimeters.
TL;DR: Follow-up observations on the 679 patients of stage 0 or stage Ia after the operation revealed no recurrence in these cases, indicating that almost no ovarian metastasis occurs in the patients of early cervical carcinoma.
TL;DR: This result indicates that the nonprimary motor cortex is involved in higher-order coding of the laterality of the motor response, implying that it exerts its motor control function at a higher hierarchical level3 than its counterpart in the primary motor cortex.
Abstract: In the primate cerebral cortex there are at least two somatotopically organized, nonprimary motor fields rostral to the primary motor area. To understand the functions of these multiple motor representations we have compared the neuronal activity in each of these fields while monkeys performed a trained motor task, using right, left or both hands. In the nonprimary motor cortex, activity in a number of neurons was related to the movement the animal chose and performed, whereas in the primary motor cortex, changes in the firing of most neurons were simply related to activity in the contralateral muscles. This result indicates that the nonprimary motor cortex is involved in higher-order coding of the laterality of the motor response, implying that it exerts its motor control function at a higher hierarchical level than its counterpart in the primary motor cortex.
TL;DR: Responsiveness of free-running human circadian rhythms to a single pulse of bright light was examined, indicating that bright light can reset the human circadian pacemaker.
Abstract: Responsiveness of free-running human circadian rhythms to a single pulse of bright light was examined in a temporal isolation unit. Bright light (5000 lx) of either 3 or 6 h duration, applied during the early subjective day, produced phase-advance shifts in both the sleep-wake cycle and the rhythm of rectal temperature; the light pulse had essentially no effect on the phase of the circadian rhythms, when it was introduced during the late subjective day or the early subjective night. The results indicate that bright light can reset the human circadian pacemaker.
TL;DR: Phospholipase D from Streptomyces effectively catalyzed the transfer reaction of the phosphatidyl residue from phosphatIDylcholines to the 5′-hydroxyl group of nucleosides in a two-phase system.
TL;DR: Claw-waving male Uca lactea sometimes attracted wandering females into their burrows for underground mating, but more often mated with nearby resident females on the surface, suggesting the surface mating system of the Indo-Pacific subgenera is also employed.
TL;DR: On demontre que les calculs de structure electronique utilisant l'approximation de densite locale dans la theorie de la fonctionnelle de densites rend compte des comportements distinctement differents dans les diagrammes de phases d'equilibre dans the alliages consideres.
Abstract: On demontre que les calculs de structure electronique utilisant l'approximation de densite locale dans la theorie de la fonctionnelle de densite rend compte des comportements distinctement differents dans les diagrammes de phases d'equilibre dans les alliages consideres. On fait une analyse microscopique detaillee basee sur la prescription proposee par Connolly et Williams