Showing papers by "Hyogo College of Medicine published in 1985"

Mucin abnormality of colonic mucosa in patients with familial polyposis coli. A new tool for early detection of the carrier

Abstract: Colonic mucosa in 62 patients with familial polyposis coli (FPC) was stained by a Periodic Acid-Thionin Schiff/Potassium Hydroxide/Periodic Acid-Schiff® method in which the normal colonic mucosa usually stained red and carcinoma stained blue or purple. In FPC, 82.2 percent stained blue or purple, whereas 38.8 percent stained blue or purple in normal controls. The data suggest that sialomucin properties of the normal-appearing flat mucosa in FPC are different from those of the normal colon, and that this simple technique may be useful for the early detection of high-risk individuals in the FPC family.

Classification of enlarged prostatic utricle in patients with hypospadias.

Abstract: An enlarged prostatic utricle is often associated with hypospadias. To evaluate the relationship between the incidence of prostatic utricle and the degree of hypospadias, we performed retrograde urethrography and/or micturating cystourethrography on 280 patients with hypospadias. Prostatic utricles were demonstrated in 84 patients (27.5%) and the incidence increased according to the severity of hypospadias. The prostatic utricles were classified into four types from the standpoint of size and location of the opening of the utricle, and a direct relationship was demonstrated between the severity of hypospadias and increasing size of the prostatic utricle.

Afferent connections of gudden's tegmental nuclei in the rabbit

Abstract: The regions projecting to Gudden's tegmental nuclei were examined by retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase or wheat-germ-agglutinin-conjugated horseradish peroxidase. Gudden's tegmental nuclei in the rabbit can be divided into a pars principalis of the ventral tegmental nucleus (TVP), a pars ventralis of the dorsal tegmental nucleus (TDV), and a pars dorsalis of the dorsal tegmental nucleus (TDD). The TVP receives many fibers from the medial division of the ipsilateral medial mammillary nucleus and bilaterally from the lateral habenular nucleus, and additionally some fibers from the posterior nucleus of the interpeduncular complex. The TDV receives many fibers from the ipsilateral lateral mammillary nucleus, from the ipsilateral prepositus hypoglossi nucleus, bilaterally from the lateral habenular nucleus, from the central and paramedian nuclei of the interpeduncular complex, from the bilateral gray matter along the floor of the fourth ventricle, and from the contralateral supragenual nucleus. The TDD receives a projection from the lateral habenular nucleus of both sides and from the central and paramedian nuclei of the interpeduncular complex, and a minor projection from the ipsilateral lateral mammillary nucleus, the posterior nucleus of the interpeduncular complex, the prepositus hypoglossi nucleus, and the contralateral supragenual nucleus.

Quantitative and continuous analysis of ATP release from blood platelets with firefly luciferase luminescence.

Abstract: An analytical method was devised to determine the entire course of the adenosine-triphosphate (ATP) release from blood platelets based on a continuous measurement of firefly luciferase luminescence. The equation of the release reaction was derived after due consideration of substrate (ATP) consumption and product (oxyluciferin) inhibition on the luciferase reaction as follows: Ct = Vt X (Km/Vmax) X (1 + It/Ki) + It, where Ct is the total concentration of the released ATP at time t, vt is the velocity of the luciferase reaction at time t and is directly measured, It is the concentration of oxyluciferin at time t, and Vmax, Km and Ki are constants. Ct of the gel-filtered platelet suspension (GFP) could be determined by substituting vt and It as functions of t. The effects of albumin and temperature on the reaction were also studied.

Horn and cementum annulation as age criteria in Japanese serow.

Abstract: An examination of a section of the horn sheath of Japanese serow (Capricornis crispus) showed that the number of growth layers in the keratinized zone correlated with age. Patterns of cementum annulation were also valid criteria for accurately estimating age. These methods were confirmed by using 18 known-age samples. The reliability of horn ring counts was checked by annulations in both horns and teeth and were found to be a useful means of estimating age. J. WILDL. MANAGE. 49(1):152-156 Examination of age structure is important in understanding the population dynamics of any species and, thus, a reliable technique for determining age is needed. Current studies of bovids use two major methods for age determination. The first, sectioning of mandibular teeth to count cementum annuli, has become an accepted technique (Armstrong 1965, Novakowski 1965, Hemming 1969, Pekelharing 1970, Turner 1977). This method undeniably yields useful results but involves considerable time and effort. A second technique is a horn segment count, which has been traditionally used by game biologists (Murie 1944, Welles and Welles 1961, Woodgerd 1964, Caughley 1965, Knaus and Schrbder 1983, Koubek and Hrabe 1983). The validity of this method has been established from a tagging-aging study for bighorns (Geist 1966) and by comparisons with horn segment and dental annulation (Turner 1977). Whenever this method is adopted, a problem may occur in distinguishing between true age rings and occasional obscure rings. The purpose of this study was to develop a simple and accurate technique for determining age in Japanese serow based on the layered structure of the horn sheath and teeth. In addition, the reliability of the horn segment count was checked by internal examinations of the horn sheaths. I am indebted to the Dep. of Vet. Anat., Gifu Univ., headed by M. Sugimura, for assistance in collecting samples. I wish to thank N. Maruyama, Tokyo Univ. of Agric. and Technol., and K. Yasui, Kyoto Munic. Zoo, for their invaluable assistance and encouragement. K. Tokita, R. Higashi, and H. Higashi, Res. Cent. for Jpn. Wildl., and M. Kanamori, Aichi Univ. of Educ., provided much valuable help throughout the study. I would also like to thank Y. Ono, Kyushu Univ., and M. Asahi, Hyogo Coll. of Med., for many helpful suggestions and encouragement. I gratefully acknowledge R. Kishimoto, Osaka City Univ., for supplying known-age samples. This work was supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid for Sci. Res. from the Minist. of Educ., Sci. and Cult., Japan. MATERIALS AND METHODS The samples for this study included teeth and horns from about 1,000 Japanese serows collected from three sources from 1977 to 1982. The first 936 samples were collected from a special population control experiment in Gifu a d Nagano Prefectures in the central part of Honshyu. They were collected after indiscriminate shooting of individuals from December to Ma ch. The second sample group, 24 serows of both sexes that died natural deaths, were collected from a wide range of localities in Honshyu and Shikoku. Finally, the teeth and horns of 18 known-age serows (from ? to 71/2 years old) were used to verify the reliability of the technique. Two of these were wild and 16 were pen-reared serows. The maximum length and maximum diameter of the horns were measured to the nearest millimeter using vernier calipers, and the horns were weighed to the nearest milligram on a dial scale. A median sagittal section was cut from the horn sheath with a circular saw. The section was ground to a thickness of 2 mm on a rotary surface grinder with a graded series of carborundum powders and cooled with water. It was then decolored in a 5% hydrogen peroxide solution for 24 hours or longer, and rinsed with tap water for 2 hours. The polished face of the horn section was etched by immersing it in a solution of 10% sodium hydroxide for about ?1/ hour. The section was rinsed with tap water and

The breakdown of an emergency system following a gas explosion in Osaka and the subsequent resolution of problems.

Abstract: Osaka, a modern urban metropolis in Japan, experienced a tragic gas explosion in 1970 when the dispatch room of the City Fire Department was in the process of being moved to a new building. Many unforseen problems arose during this disaster: eg, there was an overall lack of leadership, confusion of communication, a need for triage, and lack of control of mass media. The Osaka Medical Association organized a committee to resolve these problems. Their conclusions and recommendations were that a control headquarters be established at the scene of disaster, the number of ambulances and EMTs be increased, disaster tags be utilized, a special radio frequency be created, and a computer-aided command and control system for fire fighting and ambulance services be introduced. These recommendations have all been followed.

Pathological evaluation of hepatic dearterialization in encapsulated hepatocellular carcinoma

Abstract: Specimens of encapsulated hepatocellular carcinoma from 48 patients who had received no previous treatment and from six patients previously treated by hepatic arterial interruption by embolization or ligation were obtained by resection and examined for incidence and extent of necrosis of the tumor. Among the 48 specimens from the non-pre-treated patients, 25 tumors were smaller than 5 cm and showed no notable necrosis; of the 23 remaining tumors--which were larger than 5 cm--12 (52%) showed spontaneous central necrosis. The necrosis rate of the tumor ranged from 10% to 40%. In contrast, in six specimens from pretreated cases, more than 60% of the tumors were found to be necrotic. Two tumors smaller than 5 cm were completely necrotized by embolization. The findings indicated the significance of hepatic dearterialization for the management of encapsulated hepatocellular carcinoma. Daughter nodules, however, were found to have escaped necrosis.

Immunomodulating Activities of Staphylococcal Enterotoxins

Abstract: The immunomodulating effects of staphylococcal enterotoxins on in vivo immune responses in C57BL/6 mice were examined. Of the five serological types A (SEA), B, C, D, and E (SEE), only SEA and SEE markedly suppressed the antibody response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) when injected 1 day before or on the day of immunization with SRBC. Further study of SEA revealed that it did not affect the antibody response to a thymus-independent antigen, salmonella flagella, but did affect the T-cell-mediated immune response. Contact sensitivity to dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) was suppressed when SEA was injected before sensitization or before challenge with DNFB, indicating that SEA affected both the afferent and efferent phases of DNFB contact sensitivity. As the suppression of DNFB contact sensitivity could be transferred by anti-Thy-1.2 antibody-sensitive spleen cells of SEA injected donors into normal or DNFB-sensitized recipients, the suppression was thought to be an active one. However, SEA could augment the DNFB contact sensitivity when injected on the third day after sensitization with DNFB. These results indicate that the immunomodulating effects of SEA can be mediated by the T-cell function.

Cerebral subcortical calcification and hypoparathyroidism--a case report and review of the literature.

Abstract: Hypoparathyroidism is known to exhibit various neurological manifestations, but most of the neurological disorders seen in this condition are motor ones, and involuntary movementis rarely encountered. Basal ganglion calcification is a commonfeature in hypoparathyroidism. But calcification of the cerebral cortex is, to our knowledge, extremely rare with only nine previously documented cases reported. Wereport a case of both involuntary movementand extensive cortical calcification with some reference to the literature. Furthermore, we discuss the relationship between neurological disorders and intracranial calcificaion.

Improvement of endoscopic and histologic findings of AA-type gastrointestinal amyloidosis by treatment with dimethyl sulfoxide and prednisolone.

Abstract: We report the successful treatment of gastrointestinal amyloidosis with dimethyl sulfoxide A 37 yearold man with adult-onset Still’s disease suffered from diarrhea Upper and lower gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed edematous mucosa, white patches, erosions and bleeding and amyloid deposits were demonstrated in biopsy specimens After a period of 3 months dimethyl sulfoxide and prednisolone therapy, improvement in the endoscopic appearance of the gastrointestinal tract was observed Amyloid deposits in biopsy specimens were reduced in the stomach and negative in the large intestine

Increased Langerhans cells and related cells in mesenteric lymph nodes of DNCB-sensitive mice

Abstract: We used electron microsopy to study mesenteric lymph nodes (LNs) of 2,4-dinitro-1-chlorobenzene (DNCB)-sensitive mice. It was found that Langerhans cells (LCs) and cells containing Birbeckgranule-like structures (BgSs) increased in number only after challenge with DNCB. This increase reached a peak 4 h after challenge. LCs and BgS cells were only found in the paracortical area of LNs. There were no appreciable differences in the morphology of LCs, BgS cells, and interdigitating reticulum cells (IDCs), except for the presence or absence of Bgs or BgSs. No LCs, BgS cells, or IDCs were found in the marginal sinus of mesenteric LNs or in the surroundings of afferent blood vessels. These findings were in complete agreement with those obtained in our previous study of cutaneous LNs. From our findings and the results of previously published studies, we propose the following conclusions: first, LCs and BgS cells observed in mesenteric LNs are the product of the differentiation and maturation of precursor cells pre-existing in the paracortical area of LNs caused by DNCB stimulation. Second, the activated T lymphocyte to DNCB pre-exists in the paracortical area; thus, the DNCB used for challenge stimulates this T lymphocyte to release lymphokine, which then causes some precursor cells to differentiation into LCs and/or BgS cells. Finally, morphological findings suggest that precursor cells of LCs and BgS cells are probably IDCs.

Fecal bile acid profiles of Japanese patients with adenomatous polyps of the large bowel: special reference to distribution, multiplicity, size and degree of dysplasia of the polyps.

Abstract: Bile acids have been implicated in carcinogenesis of the large bowel, and since epidemiological, clinical and histopathological studies suggest a link between adenomatous polyps and cancer of the large bowel, fecal bile acid profiles were studied in 33 patients with adenomatous polyps of the large bowel and these data were analyzed with particular reference to the distribution, multiplicity, size and degree of dysplasia of the polyps. The more polyps and the greater the severity of dysplasia, the higher was the excretion of total bile acids (mean mumol/day: single vs multiple polyps, 344.8 vs 369.1; mild vs moderate vs severe dysplasia, 347.5 vs 370.0 vs 399.3). However, in patients with larger polyps, total fecal bile acid excretion tended to be lower (mean mumol/day: large vs small polyps, 267.7 vs 389.5). These differences were not statistically significant. When fecal bile acid profiles were analyzed with respect to the extent of bacterial metabolism determined from the degree of dehydroxylation and oxidoreduction, there was a large variation with no consistency in relation to the factors studied among the polyp patients. Deconjugation of bile acids in feces was almost complete without difference among the patients. These results seem to indicate that the significance of bile acid in the development of adenomatous polyps in Japanese subjects is likely to be small.

On some improvement of the rotating cage apparatus for avoidance training and a series of pilot experiments using the revised apparatus with rats

Abstract: Sidmanian avoidance training in rats was performed with a revised apparatus and some considerablly effective learnings were observed through three experiments. A shock-transmitter mechanism made with ball bearings brought succesively scrambled AC 20 V shocks to a grid conforming the surface of a rotating cage. A same avoidance training schedule was used in the three experiments. This is shock-shock interval was 5s, response-shock interval was 20s, and a shock duration was 0.5s. In Experiment 1, the main variable was the magnitude of rotation to be counted as a response, with two variables of a half and a quarter of one round, respectively. Although under both conditions rats could easily acpuired avoidance responses, the criterion of a quarter rotation was more effective than that of a half. In Experiment 2, the maintenance of learning over night was tested. Rats showed some superior maitenance of avoidance response without any over-night decrement for consecutive 8 days. Rats ran a mean of 504 m/h continuousely, and number of shocks recieved reduced to 0-3 times/h at the last day. In Experiment 3, the continuation of avoidance responses through a long session, using rats which had already learned the avoidance responses. Avoidance responses were continued until the end of the session over 6 hours, and animals ran a mean of 1544m with a mean of 42 shocks during 6 hours.

A New Numerical Representation of the Visual Field in Regard to the Retinal Ganglion Cell Density

Abstract: Scales in visual fields are not based on the spread of cortical visual cells. Changes in the density of the retinal ganglion cells with eccentricity linearly correlate with those of cortical visual cells.