Illinois Institute of Technology

About: Illinois Institute of Technology is a education organization based out in Chicago, Illinois, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Electric power system & Wireless network. The organization has 10188 authors who have published 21062 publications receiving 554178 citations. The organization is also known as: IIT & Illinois Tech.

Outcome Measures for Artificial Pancreas Clinical Trials: A Consensus Report.

Abstract: Research on and commercial development of the artificial pancreas (AP) continue to progress rapidly, and the AP promises to become a part of clinical care. In this report, members of the JDRF Artificial Pancreas Project Consortium in collaboration with the wider AP community 1) advocate for the use of continuous glucose monitoring glucose metrics as outcome measures in AP trials, in addition to HbA1c, and 2) identify a short set of basic, easily interpreted outcome measures to be reported in AP studies whenever feasible. Consensus on a broader range of measures remains challenging; therefore, reporting of additional metrics is encouraged as appropriate for individual AP studies or study groups. Greater consistency in reporting of basic outcome measures may facilitate the interpretation of study results by investigators, regulatory bodies, health care providers, payers, and patients themselves, thereby accelerating the widespread adoption of AP technology to improve the lives of people with type 1 diabetes.

Self-assembled magnetic surface swimmers.

Abstract: We report studies of novel self-assembled magnetic surface swimmers (magnetic snakes) formed from a dispersion of magnetic microparticles at a liquid-air interface and energized by an alternating magnetic field. We show that under certain conditions the snakes spontaneously break the symmetry of surface flows and turn into self-propelled objects. Parameters of the driving magnetic field tune the propulsion velocity of these snakelike swimmers. We find that the symmetry of the surface flows can also be broken in a controlled fashion by attaching a large bead to a magnetic snake (bead-snake hybrid), transforming it into a self-locomoting entity. The observed phenomena have been successfully described by a phenomenological model based on the amplitude equation for surface waves coupled to a large-scale hydrodynamic mean flow equation.

CeO2 surface oxygen vacancy concentration governs in situ free radical scavenging efficacy in polymer electrolytes.

Abstract: Nonstoichiometric CeO2 and Ce0.25Zr0.75O2 nanoparticles with varying surface concentrations of Ce3+ were synthesized. Their surface Ce3+ concentration was measured by XPS, and their surface oxygen vacancy concentrations and grain size were estimated using Raman spectroscopy. The surface oxygen vacancy concentration was found to correlate well with grain size and surface Ce3+ concentration. When incorporated into a Nafion polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM), the added nonstoichiometric ceria nanoparticles effectively scavenged PEM-degradation-inducing free radical reactive oxygen species (ROS) formed during fuel cell operation. A 3-fold increase in the surface oxygen vacancy concentration resulted in an order of magnitude enhancement in the efficacy of free radical ROS scavenging by the nanoparticles. Overall, the macroscopic PEM degradation mitigation rate was lowered by up to 2 orders of magnitude using nonstoichiometric ceria nanoparticles with high surface oxygen vacancy concentrations

Asymptotic critical transmission radius and critical neighbor number for k-connectivity in wireless ad hoc networks

Abstract: A range assignment to the nodes in a wireless ad hoc network induces a topology in which there is an edge between two nodes if and only if both of them are within each other's transmission range. The critical transmission radius for k-connectivity is the smallest r such that if all nodes have the transmission radius r,the induce topology is k-connected. The critical neighbor number for k-connectivity is the smallest integer l such that if every node sets its transmission radius equal to the distance between itself an its l-th nearest neighbor, the induce topology is k-connecte. In this paper, we study the asymptotic critical transmission radius for k-connectivity an asymptotic critical neighbor number for k-connectivity in a wireless ad hoc network whose nodes are uniformly an independently distribute in a unit-area square or disk. We provide a precise asymptotic distribution of the critical transmission radius for k-connectivity and an improve asymptotic almost sure upper bound on the critical neighbor number for k-connectivity.

Multiparticle simulation of collapsing volcanic columns and pyroclastic flow

Abstract: [1] A multiparticle thermofluid dynamic model was developed to assess the effect of a range of particle size on the transient two-dimensional behavior of collapsing columns and associated pyroclastic flows. The model accounts for full mechanical and thermal nonequilibrium conditions between a continuous gas phase and N solid particulate phases, each characterized by specific physical parameters and properties. The dynamics of the process were simulated by adopting a large eddy simulation approach able to resolve the large-scale features of the flow and by parametrizing the subgrid gas turbulence. Viscous and interphase effects were expressed in terms of Newtonian stress tensors and gas-particle and particle-particle coefficients, respectively. Numerical simulations were carried out by using different grain-size distributions of the mixture at the vent, constitutive equations, and numerical resolutions. Dispersal dynamics describe the formation of the vertical jet, the column collapse and the building of the pyroclastic fountain, the generation of radially spreading pyroclastic flows, and the development of thermal convective instabilities from the fountain and the flow. The results highlight the importance of the multiparticle formulation of the model and describe several mechanical and thermal nonequilibrium effects. Finer particles tend to follow the hot ascending gas, mainly in the phoenix column and, secondarily, in the convective plume above the fountain. Coarser particles tend to segregate mainly along the ground both in the proximal area close to the crater rim because of the recycling of material from the fountain and in the distal area, because of the loss of radial momentum. As a result, pyroclastic flows were described as formed by a dilute fine-rich suspension current overlying a dense underflow rich in coarse particles from the proximal region of the flow. Nonequilibrium effects between particles of different sizes appear to be controlled by particle-particle collisions in the basal layer of the flow, whereas particle dispersal in the suspension current and ascending plumes is determined by the gas-particle drag. Simulations performed with a different grain-size distribution at the vent indicate that a fine-grained mixture produces a thicker and more mobile current, a larger runout distance, and a greater elutriated mass than the coarse-grained mixture.