ITM University, Gurgaon, Haryana

About: ITM University, Gurgaon, Haryana is a education organization based out in Gurgaon, India. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Encryption & Cryptosystem. The organization has 749 authors who have published 1159 publications receiving 12997 citations.

Dye sensitized solar cells: From genesis to recent drifts

Abstract: Of late, photovoltaics have achieved enormous growth as sustainable energy source. It is witnessed that solar cells being the renewable and pollution free source of electrical energy can easily replace the traditional fossil fuels. This communication overviewed the basic role of various components of dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) and the use of nanomaterials to enhance their efficiency. Furthermore, recent trends and future prospects of DSSCs are emphasized.

Impact of Urbanization on the Hydrology of Ganga Basin (India)

Abstract: Large scale emigrations from rural areas to urban areas and population growth have been uninterrupted and accelerating phenomena in parts of Ganga basin, where urbanization is increasing at an unprecedented rate. Urban agglomer- ation is causing radical changes in groundwater recharge and modifying the existing mechanisms. Majority of the cities are sited on unconfined or semi confined aquifers depend upon river water and groundwater for most of their water supply and disposal of most of their liquid effluents and solid residues to the rivers and ground. There has also been an inevitable rise in waste production. Drainage of surface water has been disrupted as the small natural channels and low lying areas have been in filled, often with municipal waste. Total water potential of the Ganga basin including surface water potential and ground water potential is around 525.02 km 3 and 170.00 km 3 respectively. Basin supports approximately 42% of the total population in India. Water tables are declining at approximately an average of 0.20 m per year in many parts of the basin and there is a trend of deteriorating groundwater quality. The demand of water has been increased many folds and most of the areas are highly reliant upon the groundwater to meet this increasing demand for water, but unfortunately degradation of groundwater both in terms of quantity and quality has deteriorated the situation. Studies shows that change in climate may increase temperature by 2t o 6 ◦ C and can reduce precipitation up to 16%, which could reduce the groundwater recharge by 50%. In densely populated Ganga basin urban drainage consumes a high proportion of the investments into urban infrastructure and needs integrated approach for the sustainable development of water management, water education regarding conservation and pollution caused by urbanization.

Review based on data clustering algorithms

Abstract: A review based on different types of clustering algorithms with their corresponding data sets has been proposed. In this paper, we have given a complete comparative statistical analysis of various clustering algorithms. Clustering algorithms usually employ distance metric or similarity metric to cluster the data set into different partitions. Well known clustering algorithms have been widely used in various disciplines. Type of clustering algorithm used depends upon the application and data set used in that field. Numerical data set is comparatively easy to implement as data are invariably real number and can be used for statistical applications. Others type of data set such as categorical, time series, boolean, and spatial, temporal have limited applications. By viewing the statistical analysis, it is observed that there is no optimal solution for handling problems with large data sets of mixed and categorical attributes. Some of the algorithms can be applied but their performance degrades as the size of data keeps on increasing.

Fully phase image encryption using double random-structured phase masks in gyrator domain

Abstract: We propose a method for fully phase image encryption based on double random-structured phase mask encoding in the gyrator transform (GT) domain. The security of the system is strengthened by parameters used in the construction of a structured phase mask (SPM) based on a devil’s vortex Fresnel lens (DVFL). The input image is recovered using the correct parameters of the SPMs, transform orders of the GT, and conjugate of the random phase masks. The use of a DVFL-based SPM enhances security by increasing the key space for encryption, and also overcomes the problem of axis alignment associated with an optical setup. The proposed scheme can also be implemented optically. The computed values of mean squared error between the retrieved and the original image show the efficacy of the proposed scheme. We have also investigated the scheme’s sensitivity to the encryption parameters, and robustness against occlusion and multiplicative Gaussian noise attacks.