ITM University, Gurgaon, Haryana

About: ITM University, Gurgaon, Haryana is a education organization based out in Gurgaon, India. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Encryption & Cryptosystem. The organization has 749 authors who have published 1159 publications receiving 12997 citations.

Present status of primary frequency standards at NPL, India

Abstract: National Physical Laboratory, India (NPLI) has developed its first Cesium atomic fountain frequency standard (NPLI-CsFl). The indigenously developed fountain frequency standard is now fully operational and its frequency is now being evaluated along with all systematic and statistical uncertainties. Seven frequency evaluation have been conducted to estimate fountain frequency with respect to TAI (International Atomic Time) and were reported to BIPM. Recently NPLI CsFl took part in live contribution of TAI evaluation. The fountain frequency is compared with the Hydrogen Maser (H-Maser) frequency which is contributing to TAI (International atomic timescale) and hence fountain frequency is evaluated with respect to the TAI. The fountain frequency is stable to few parts in 1015 at less than one day averaging time. Typical uncertainty of NPLI-CsFl ∼2.8×10−15 A second generation Cs fountain is being developed in order to overcome the short comings in NPLI-CsF1.

Investigating the adverse impacts of rural roads using a fuzzy multicriteria approach

Abstract: Rural roads contribute significantly to the living conditions of rural populations. However, they also lead to detrimental impacts on physical and social environments. In this context, the present study proposes a novel fuzzy multicriteria approach that amalgamates fuzzy TOPSIS and an improved fuzzy weighted average method to assess the negative impacts on physical and social environments, due to rural road construction. The approach offers a structured comprehension and incorporates detailed criteria that reflect the adverse effects. The attributes identified and assessed in this study are air quality, vegetation cover status, noise pollution, transmissible disease, habits/behaviour, safety and security, and road accidents. The approach includes both qualitative and quantitative data from focus group discussions. The results presented here are essential to identify corrective actions, promote effective distribution of funds, and facilitate effective decisionmaking for sustainable rural development.

Fiscal Federalism and States’ Economic Growth in India- An Analytical Study

Abstract: Objectives: This study is aimed at analyzing various facets of Fiscal Federalism and its impact on the growth of states in India. Methods/Analysis: The Study proposes a model to test the impact of autonomy and hard budget constraints, two important features of decentralization, on the economies of the states. The model has been analyzed using the Fixed Effects Least Squares method for panel data using EViews. Findings: The results point out quite a few aspects of the impact of fiscal federalism on Indian states. The paper concludes by giving possible reasons for the negative relation between autonomy with growth and the positive relation between central grants with growth. The fact that the OwnTax ratio is negatively related to the GSDP growth rate shows that the level of autonomy of a state is negatively related to the growth of the state. The study also revealed a high dependence of the states on the grants and tax sharing mechanisms for growth. It was found that the central intervention in the states’ economy was positively related to their growth, which points to soft budget constraints on the states which depend highly on the central government to finance their spending. The overall level of decentralization was also found to be quite poor, though the relationship is not very economically significant. Applications/Improvement: The Study highlights that trade-off between the autonomy and budget constraint aspects of fiscal federalism needs to be a major concern and work area for policy makers in India.

An Automated Technique for Optic Disc Detection in Retinal Fundus Images Using Elephant Herding Optimization Algorithm

Abstract: Glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy are known to be the prime reasons for causing irrevocable blindness in the world. However, the complete vision loss can be obstructed through regular screening of the eye to detect the disorder at an early stage. In this paper, we have presented a novel nonlinear optimization technique that helps in automatic detection of the optic disc boundary from retinal fundus images thereby satisfying the anatomical constraints by using elephant herding optimization algorithm. In our approach, median filter has been used for the noise removal in retinal images. The pre-processed image is passed to the metaheuristic algorithm known as Elephant Herding Optimization algorithm. The proposed technique for optic disc segmentation has been applied and tested on four standard publicly available datasets namely DRIVE, DIARETDB1, STARE and DRIONS-DB. The ground truth of the optic disc boundary has been collected from two experts of glaucoma: Expert A and Expert B who are specialists of glaucoma. The quantitative and qualitative analysis has been done to evaluate the performance of optic disc segmentation techniques. The proposed technique for optic disc detection helps to obtain the smooth boundaries in retinal fundus images. The aim has been successfully achieved by proposing an approach using EHO to achieve optimized solution. The effectiveness of the approach has been evaluated on for benchmark datasets and the acquired results have shown the accuracy values to be 100% for DRIVE, 100% for DIARETDB1, 99.25% for STARE and 99.99% for DRIONS-DB.

Performance Exploration of Different Dispersion Compensation Schemes with Binary and Duo Binary Modulation Formats Over Fiber-Optic Communication

Abstract: Fiber-optic mediation offers high speed for data mediation and also offered huge bandwidth for use. Due to its adaptable merits and insignificant mediation losses, it becomes one of the most vital used communication techniques. Although Fiber-optic mediation has a plenty of merits, ‘Dispersion’ is the chief restrictive feature. Dispersion is the core issue responsible for impediment progress of optical mediation systems in terms of bit rate and long-haul mediation. Dispersion originate distortion and expansion in the pulses, thus recital of the fiber-optic communication. This inquiry paper gratified that inspection with 20 Gbps mediation network arrangement has been prepared with binary non-return to zero and duo binary modulation designs in symmetric dispersion compensation schemes. The coordination is imitated and evaluated by means of pre-, post-, and symmetric dispersion compensation outlines. All organizations are linked in expressions of bit error rate (BER), Q-factor, eye opening, and jitter. The outcome is investigated using optical software tool, i.e., OPTSIM.