Medical University of South Carolina

About: Medical University of South Carolina is a education organization based out in Charleston, South Carolina, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 23436 authors who have published 45440 publications receiving 1769397 citations. The organization is also known as: MUSC & Medical College of the State of South Carolina.

Multisystemic therapy effects on attempted suicide by youths presenting psychiatric emergencies

Abstract: Objective To evaluate the efficacy of multisystemic therapy (MST) in reducing attempted suicide among predominantly African American youths referred for emergency psychiatric hospitalization. Method Youths presenting psychiatric emergencies were randomly assigned to MST or hospitalization. Indices of attempted suicide, suicidal ideation, depressive affect, and parental control were assessed before treatment, at 4 months after recruitment, and at the 1-year posttreatment follow-up. Results Based on youth report, MST was significantly more effective than emergency hospitalization at decreasing rates of attempted suicide at 1-year follow-up; also, the rate of symptom reduction over time was greater for youths receiving MST. Also, treatment differences in patterns of change in attempted suicide (caregiver report) varied as a function of ethnicity, gender, and age. Moreover, treatment effects were found for caregiver-rated parental control but not for youth depressive affect, hopelessness, or suicidal ideation. Conclusions Results generally support MST's effectiveness at reducing attempted suicide in psychiatrically disturbed youngsters, whereas the effects of hospitalization varied based on informant and youth demographic characteristics.

Telescoping of landmark events associated with drinking: a gender comparison.

Abstract: Objective: The literature suggests that women exhibit "telescoped" development of (i.e., faster progression to) alcoholism, with fewer years drinking than men. The purpose of this study was to use data gathered in the course of a large clinical trial to further examine this issue. Method: Subjects in this retrospective study were from a pool of 1,307 men and 419 women enrolled in Project MATCH, a multisite alcohol treatment matching study. MATCH subjects were recruited from both outpatient and aftercare settings over a 2-year period. Age-of-onset for landmark events in the development of alcoholism were determined from self-report and clinical interviews given at baseline entry into the study. Gender differences in age-of-onset variables were assessed within both outpatient and aftercare settings. Gender differences in progression times between successive landmarks were also examined. Differences were tested with both multivariate and univariate ANOVA techniques. Results: Women generally began getting dru...

Cellular uptake of dietary flavonoid quercetin 4'-beta-glucoside by sodium-dependent glucose transporter SGLT1.

Abstract: Although it has been suggested that the intestinal glucose transporter may actively absorb dietary flavonoid glucosides, there is a lack of direct evidence for their transport by this system. In fact, our previous studies with the human Caco-2 cell model of intestinal absorption demonstrated that a major dietary flavonoid, quercetin 4′-β-glucoside, is effluxed by apically expressed multidrug resistance-associated protein-2, potentially masking evidence for active absorption. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that quercetin 4′-β-glucoside is a substrate for the intestinal sodium-dependent d-glucose cotransporter SGLT1. Cellular uptake of quercetin 4′-β-glucoside was examined with Caco-2 cells and SGLT1 stably transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells (G6D3 cells). Although quercetin 4′-β-glucoside is not absorbed across Caco-2 cell monolayers, examination of the cells by indirect fluorescent microscopy as well as by HPLC analysis of cellular content revealed cellular accumulation of this glucoside after apical loading. Consistent with previous observations, the accumulation of quercetin 4′-β-glucoside in both Caco-2 and G6D3 cells was markedly enhanced in the presence of multidrug resistance-associated protein inhibition. Uptake of quercetin 4′-β-glucoside was greater in SGLT1-transfected cells than in parental Chinese hamster ovary cells. Uptake of the glucoside by Caco-2 and G6D3 cells was sodium-dependent and was inhibited by the monovalent ionophore nystatin. In both Caco-2 and G6D3 cells, quercetin 4′-β-glucoside uptake was inhibited by 30 mM glucose and 0.5 mM phloridzin. These results demonstrate for the first time that quercetin 4′-β-glucoside is transported by SGLT1 across the apical membrane of enterocytes.