Showing papers by "Mississippi State University published in 2003"
TL;DR: The authors compared consumer valuations of beef ribeye steaks from cattle produced without growth hormones or genetically modified corn in France, Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States, and found that French consumers placed a higher value on beef from cattle that have not been administered added growth hormones than U.S. consumers.
Abstract: We compare consumer valuations of beef ribeye steaks from cattle produced without growth hormones or genetically modified corn in France, Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Results suggest that French consumers place a higher value on beef from cattle that have not been administered added growth hormones than U.S. consumers; however, valuations of non-hormone-treated beef are statistically indistinguishable across Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Results also suggest that European consumers place a much higher value on beef from cattle that have not been fed genetically modified corn than U.S. consumers. Copyright 2003, Oxford University Press.
665 citations
01 Jan 2003
TL;DR: Improved growth and feed efficiency is observed when experimental diets for salmonids were supplemented with indispensable amino acids to simulate levels found in isolated fish protein or the respective eggs and whole-body tissue of the species being studied.
Abstract: Publisher Summary
This chapter discusses the amino acids and protein requirements of fish. Proteins are the major organic material in fish tissue, making up about 65–75% of the total on a dry-weight basis. Fish consume protein to obtain amino acids. A regular intake of protein or amino acids is required because amino acids are used continually by the fish, either to build new proteins (as during growth and reproduction) or to replace existing proteins (maintenance). Inadequate protein in the diet results in a reduction or cessation of growth and a loss of weight due to withdrawal of protein from less vital tissues to maintain the functions of more vital tissues. Fish, like other animals, do not have a true protein requirement but have a requirement for a well-balanced mixture of essential or indispensable and nonessential or dispensable amino acids. Size and age, water temperature, and maintenance requirements affect the protein requirements of fishes. Various investigators have observed improved growth and feed efficiency when experimental diets for salmonids were supplemented with indispensable amino acids to simulate levels found in isolated fish protein or the respective eggs and whole-body tissue of the species being studied. The indispensable amino acid requirements of certain fish have also been shown to correlate well with the indispensable amino acid pattern of the whole-body tissue of that fish.
539 citations
TL;DR: An overview of existing literature on the ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation effects on field crops is provided and an increase in understanding of basic plant physiology was gained from most of the studies, while studies are needed to quantify the effects of UV-B radiation on crops in order to develop dose response functions that can facilitate development of dynamic simulation models for use in UV- B and other environmental impact assessments.
475 citations
TL;DR: An overview of coordination complexes connected via simple hydrogen bonding substituents, e.g. carboxylic acids and carboxamides, is given, and analogous organic and inorganic hydrogen bonding networks are discussed as mentioned in this paper.
461 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss how, by substituting value creation for wealth creation as the defining function of family businesses, they can further extend and integrate the theoretical contributions of Habbershon et al.
420 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors found that satisfaction with the succession process in family firms is enhanced by the incumbent's propensity to step aside, the successor's willingness to take over, agreement among family members to maintain family involvement in the business, acceptance of individual roles, and succession planning.
388 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Work-family conflict is defined as "a form of interrole conflict in which the role pressures from the work and family domains are mutually incompatible in some respect" (Greenhaus and Beutell, 1985: 77) as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Researchers have studied many outcome variables of work-family conflict (WFC) and family-work conflict (FWC), such as depression (Frone et al., 1992a), family satisfaction (Beutell and Wittig-Berman, 1999), heavy alcohol use (Frone et al., 1996), and job satisfaction (Netemeyer et al., 1996). However, relatively few have specifically examined withdrawal. While intention to quit (Burke, 1988; Netemeyer et al., 1996) and absenteeism (Goff et al., 1990) have been linked to WFC, there is some question about the generalizability of current findings. For instance, Burke (1988) used a global measure of work-family conflict and Netemeyer et al. (1996) only considered correlations. The purpose of this study is to address these issues by testing a model of work and family variables leading to conflict and, ultimately, turnover intentions. Gaps in the Research Work-family conflict is a form of interrole conflict that occurs when pressures associated with membership in one role interferes with membership in another (Kahn et al., 1964). It is defined as "a form of interrole conflict in which the role pressures from the work and family domains are mutually incompatible in some respect" (Greenhaus and Beutell, 1985: 77). Research in the area of work-family conflict, while informative, still has shortcomings that have yet to be addressed. In order to advance this stream of research, more consistency in the literature is needed. Comparisons between studies are still limited because some researchers continue to use a global measure of work-family conflict rather than two separate variables. The following section details important gaps in the literature that will be addressed in the current study. First, researchers have shown that WFC and FWC are distinct constructs with discriminant validity (e.g., Gutek et al., 1991; Kossek and Ozeki, 1998; Netemeyer et al., 1996). While some researchers have adopted the use of two independent measures to capture work interfering with family conflict (WFC) and family interfering with work conflict (FWC) (e.g., Carlson et al., 2000; Frone et al., 1992a; Frone et al., 1996; Gutek et al., 1991; Netemeyer et al., 1996), recently published research continues to use a global measure of work-family conflict (e.g., Carlson and Perrewe, 1999; Greenhaus et al., 1997; Parasuraman and Simmers, 2001; Yang et al., 2000). By measuring WFC and FWC separately, we have the opportunity to see how work domain variables influence WFC and how family domain variables influence FWC (Frone et al., 1996; Gutek et al., 1991; Kossek and Ozeki, 1998). Second, few studies examine full measurement models. Work-family conflict studies using structural equation modeling often consider a structural model and use summated scales (see Carlson and Kacmar, 2000). These methods only estimate error; they do not model all of the theorized relationships (i.e., observed and latent). By creating an average of the latent construct, they are creating a single manifest indicator. Using a full measurement model and structural model is more rigorous and accounts for measurement error above and beyond a structural model and is the recommended approach (Anderson and Gerbing, 1988). Further, simultaneously assessing the measurement and structural models provides a more thorough assessment of construct validity (Bentler, 1978). It also allows for the opportunity to use the preferred two-step modeling approach (Anderson and Gerbing, 1988). By first confirming the measurement model in evaluating a priori relationships, theory can be tested and confirmed in the second step (Anderson and Gerbing, 1988). We estimate and fix the measurement and test the structural model in the interest of using this two-step approach. Third, a large number of studies have followed the suggestions of researchers (i.e., Frone et al., 1992a; Kopelman et al., 1983) to consider only a subgroup (e.g., those married or having children) of the population of workers (Greenhaus et al. …
356 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the use of light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data for classifying this attribute at landscape scales for inclusion into decision-support systems was investigated, and it was shown that LiDAR-derived tree height variance demonstrated that differences between single-story and multistory vertical structural classes could be detected.
342 citations
TL;DR: The purpose of this study was to investigate the long-term evolutionary patterns exhibited by these snake venom toxins to understand the mechanisms by which they diversified into a large, biochemically diverse, multigene family.
Abstract: Animal venom components are of considerable interest to researchers across a wide variety of disciplines, including molecular biology, biochemistry, medicine, and evolutionary genetics. The three-finger family of snake venom peptides is a particularly interesting and biochemically complex group of venom peptides, because they are encoded by a large multigene family and display a diverse array of functional activities. In addition, understanding how this complex and highly varied multigene family evolved is an interesting question to researchers investigating the biochemical diversity of these peptides and their impact on human health. Therefore, the purpose of our study was to investigate the long-term evolutionary patterns exhibited by these snake venom toxins to understand the mechanisms by which they diversified into a large, biochemically diverse, multigene family. Our results show a much greater diversity of family members than was previously known, including a number of subfamilies that did not fall within any previously identified groups with characterized activities. In addition, we found that the long-term evolutionary processes that gave rise to the diversity of three-finger toxins are consistent with the birth-and-death model of multigene family evolution. It is anticipated that this “three-finger toxin toolkit” will prove to be useful in providing a clearer picture of the diversity of investigational ligands or potential therapeutics available within this important family.
321 citations
285 citations
TL;DR: The results indicated that chitosan has the potential to be used as a biocompatible, bioactive coating for orthopaedic and craniofacial implant devices.
Abstract: Chitosan is a biopolymer that exhibits osteoconductive, enhanced wound healing and antimicrobial properties which make it attractive for use as a bioactive coating to improve osseointegration of orthopaedic and craniofacial implant devices. Coatings made from 91.2% de-acetylated chitosan were chemically bonded to titanium coupons via silane-glutaraldehyde molecules. The bond strength of the coatings was evaluated in mechanical tensile tests, and their dissolution and cyto-compatibility were evaluated in vitro using cell-culture medium and UMR 106 osteoblastic cells, respectively. The results showed that the chitosan coatings were chemically bonded to the titanium substrate and that the bond strengths (1.5-1.8 MPa) were not affected by gas sterilization. However, the chitosan bond strengths were less than those reported for calcium-phosphate coatings. The gas-sterilized coatings exhibited little dissolution over 8 weeks in cell-culture solution, and the attachment and growth of the UMR 106 osteoblast cells...
TL;DR: In this paper, the surface composition and availability of surface oxygen of model ceria-zirconia catalyst promoters were considered to develop a reference for future catalytic reactivity studies, and the microstructure was characterized with X-ray diffraction to determine the effect of zirconium substitution on crystalline structure and grain size.
TL;DR: This work uses two-dimensional agarose gel electrophoresis to show that replication-blocking DNA lesions induce a transient reversal of the replication fork in vivo, and proposes that fork regression allows repair enzymes to gain access to the replication-block lesion, allowing processive replication to resume once the blocking lesion is removed.
Abstract: DNA lesions that block replication are a primary cause of rearrangements, mutations, and lethality in all cells. After ultraviolet (UV)-induced DNA damage in Escherichia coli, replication recovery requires RecA and several other recF pathway proteins. To characterize the mechanism by which lesion-blocked replication forks recover, we used two-dimensional agarose gel electrophoresis to show that replication-blocking DNA lesions induce a transient reversal of the replication fork in vivo. The reversed replication fork intermediate is stabilized by RecA and RecF and is degraded by the RecQ-RecJ helicase-nuclease when these proteins are absent. We propose that fork regression allows repair enzymes to gain access to the replication-blocking lesion, allowing processive replication to resume once the blocking lesion is removed.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors take a behavioral integration perspective and propose an input-process-output model for examining new venture TMT (NVTMT) and new venture performance, where shared leadership is conceptualized as an important antecedent of the process variables.
01 Jan 2003
TL;DR: James J. Chrisman and Pramodita Sharma as discussed by the authors have proposed a new method to improve the performance of the Haskayne School of Business at the University of Calgary.
Abstract: James J. Chrisman Department of Management and Information Systems College of Business and Industry Mississippi State University Mississippi State, MS 39762 -9581 Tel. (662) 325 -1991 Fax (662) 325 -8651 jchrisman@cobilan.msstate.edu and Centre for Family Business Management and Entrepreneurship Haskayne School of Business University of Calgary Jess H. Chua Haskayne School of Business Universi ty of Calgary 2500 University Drive, NW Calgary, AB, CANADA T2N 1N4 Tel. (403) 220 -6331 Fax (403) 282 -0095 jess.chua@haskayne.ucalgary.ca Pramodita Sharma School of Business and Economics Wilfrid Laurier University Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3C5 Tel: 519 -884 -0710 (Ext. 2532) Fax: 519 -884 -0201 psharma@wlu.ca
TL;DR: The CTOA fracture criterion has been used with three-dimensional analyses to study constraint effects, crack tunneling, and the fracture process as discussed by the authors, and has been successfully applied to numerous structural applications, such as aircraft fuselages and pipelines.
TL;DR: The authors compare the experiences of conservative religious women across faith traditions, and reveal that the unique cultural repertoires within these two religious communities enable women to affirm traditional religious values while refashioning such convictions to fit their post-traditional lifestyles.
Abstract: The past decade has witnessed a proliferation of studies that illuminate devout women's affiliation with conservative religious communities. Despite the increasingly multicultural character of contemporary social and religious life, few studies to date have compared the experiences of conservative religious women across faith traditions. Guided by insights from cultural theory, this study begins by comparing elite gender discourses within evangelical Protestantism and Islam. Elite evangelical gender debates hinge on biblical references to women's submission. Similarly, Muslims dispute the meaning of the veil to Islamic womanhood. After outlining the contours of these debates, we draw on in-depth interview data with evangelical and Muslim women to demonstrate how these two groups of respondents negotiate gender in light of their distinctive religious commitments. In the end, we reveal that the unique cultural repertoires within these two religious communities enable women to affirm traditional religious values while refashioning such convictions to fit their post-traditional lifestyles.
TL;DR: This review examines the significant experimental approaches that have led to the current understanding of the RecA-mediated processes that restore replication following encounters with DNA damage.
Abstract: DNA damage encountered during the cellular process of chromosomal replication can disrupt the replication machinery and result in mutagenesis or lethality. The RecA protein of Escherichia coli is essential for survival in this situation: It maintains the integrity of the arrested replication fork and signals the upregulation of over 40 gene products, of which most are required to restore the genomic template and to facilitate the resumption of processive replication. Although RecA was originally discovered as a gene product that was required to change the genetic information during sexual cell cycles, over three decades of research have revealed that it is also the key enzyme required to maintain the genetic information when DNA damage is encountered during replication in asexual cell cycles. In this review, we examine the significant experimental approaches that have led to our current understanding of the RecA-mediated processes that restore replication following encounters with DNA damage.
TL;DR: The identified N-specific spectral algorithms may be used for image interpretation and diagnosis of corn N status for site-specific N management and higher correlations were found between leaf N concentration and reflectance ratios.
Abstract: Plant nitrogen (N) deficiency often limits crop productivity. Early detection of plant N deficiency is important for improving fertilizer N-use efficiency and crop yield. An experiment was conducted in sunlit, controlled environment chambers in the 2001 growing season to determine responses of corn (Zea mays L. cv. 33A14) growth and leaf hyperspectral reflectance properties to varying N supply. Four N treatments were: (1) half-strength Hoagland’s nutrient solution applied throughout the experiment (control); (2) 20% of control N starting 15 days after emergence (DAE); (3) 0% N starting 15 DAE; and (4) 0% N starting 23 DAE (0% NL). Plant height, the number of leaves, and leaf lengths were examined for nine plants per treatment every 3–4 days. Leaf hyperspectral reflectance, concentrations of chlorophylla, chlorophyllb, and carotenoids, leaf and canopy photosynthesis, leaf area, and leaf N concentration were also determined during the experiment. The various N treatments led to a wide range of N concentrations (11 – 48 g kg −1 DW) in uppermost fully expanded leaves. Nitrogen deficiency suppressed plant growth rate and leaf photosynthesis. At final harvest (42 DAE), plant height, leaf area and shoot biomass were 64–66% of control values for the 20% N treatment, and 46-56% of control values for the 0% N treatment. Nitrogen deficit treatments of 20% N and 0% N (Treatment 3) could be distinguished by changes in leaf spectral reflectance in wavelengths of 552 and 710 nm 7 days after treatment. Leaf reflectance at these two wavebands was negatively correlated with either leaf N (r = –0.72 and –0.75 ∗∗ ) or chlorophyll (r = –0.60 and –0.72 ∗∗ ) concentrations. In addition, higher correlations were found between leaf N concentration and reflectance ratios. The identified Nspecific spectral algorithms may be used for image interpretation and diagnosis of corn N status for site-specific N management.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used an ordered probit model and a double bounded logit model to estimate consumer preferences for alternative beef labeling programs. And they found that French and German consumers placed a higher level of importance on brands and labels than do UK consumers.
Abstract: A wide array of food safety scares and breakdowns have led to loss of consumer confidence in the quality and safety of beef products. To counteract such concerns, firms and regulators have the ability to utilize brands or labels to signal quality. Utilizing a mail survey in France, Germany, and the United Kingdom, we analyzed consumer preferences for alternative beef labeling strategies. Using an ordered probit model and a double bounded logit model, we estimate consumer preferences for alternative beef labeling programs. In general, results suggest that consumers have more confidence in government mandated labels as opposed to private brands. French and German consumers place a higher level of importance on brands and labels than do UK consumers. Results also suggest that more than 90% of surveyed consumers desire a mandatory labeling program for beef produced from cattle fed genetically modified crops. Keywords : beef, double bounded logit, genetically modified feed, labels, ordered probit.
TL;DR: This work qualitatively compared the outcome of these different procedures to illustrate advantages of the DA approach and found that modeling the distribution of location error did not effectively reduce sensitivity to error within CA.
Abstract: Quantifying habitat use is vital to understanding animal ecology. Herein, we contrast classification-based (i.e., animal locations are placed into habitat categories for subsequent analyses) and distance-based (i.e., distance between animal locations and habitat features are used in subsequent analyses) approaches for analyzing habitat use data. Compositional analysis (CA) and a distance-based analysis (DA) were used to quantify habitat selection of Northern Bobwhite (Colinus virginianus). We qualitatively compared the outcome of these different procedures to illustrate advantages of the DA approach. The DA approach identified edges as an important habitat feature, and location error did not alter conclusions from DA. In contrast, CA did not detect the importance of edge, and presence of location errors altered conclusions. Moreover, modeling the distribution of location error did not effectively reduce sensitivity to error within CA. Distance-based approaches to habitat analyses are not restricted to lin...
TL;DR: The study shows that cotton plants are sensitive to UV-B at both the whole plant and anatomical level.
TL;DR: Coating chitosan on Ti surfaces decreased the wettability of the Ti, but increased protein adsorption and cell attachment, as compared to the control Ti surfaces.
Abstract: Chitosan, a derivative of the bio-polysaccharide chitin, has shown promise as a bioactive material for implant, tissue engineering and drug-delivery applications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the contact angle, protein adsorption and osteoblast precursor cell attachment to chitosan coatings bonded to titanium. Rough ground titanium (Ti) coupons were solution cast and bonded to 91.2% de-acetylated chitosan (1 wt% chitosan in 0.2% acetic acid) coatings via silane reactions. Non-coated Ti was used as controls. Samples were sterilized by ethylene oxide gas prior to experiments. Contact angles on all surfaces were measured using water. 5 x 10(4) cells/ml of ATCC CRL 1486 human embryonic palatal mesenchyme (HEPM) cells, an osteoblast precursor cell line, were used for the cell attachment study. SEM evaluations were performed on cells attached to all surfaces. Contact angles and cell attachment on all surfaces were statistically analyzed using ANOVA. The chitosan-coated surfaces (76.4 +/- 5.1 degrees) exhibited a significantly greater contact angle compared to control Ti surfaces (32.2 +/- 6.1 degrees). Similarly, chitosan-coated surfaces exhibited significantly greater (P < 0.001) albumin adsorption, fibronectin adsorption and cell attachment, as compared to the control Ti surfaces. Coating chitosan on Ti surfaces decreased the wettability of the Ti, but increased protein adsorption and cell attachment. Increased protein absorption and cell attachment on the chitosan-coated Ti may be of benefit in enhancing osseointegration of implant devices.
TL;DR: The development of substitute materials for arsenic applications in the agricultural and forestry industries and controls of arsenic emissions from the coal industry may be possible strategies to significantly decrease arsenic pollution sources and dissipation rates into the environment.
Abstract: Arsenic, a carcinogenic trace element, threat- ens not only the health of millions of humans and other living organisms, but also global sustainability. We present here, for the first time, the global industrial-age cumulative anthropogenic arsenic production and its potential accumulation and risks in the environment. In 2000, the world cumulative industrial-age anthropogenic arsenic production was 4.53 million tonnes. The world- wide coal and petroleum industries accounted for 46% of global annual gross arsenic production, and their overall contribution to industrial-age gross arsenic production was 27% in 2000. Global industrial-age anthropogenic As sources (as As cumulative production) follow the order: As mining production >As generated from coal >As generated from petroleum. The potential industrial-age anthropogenic arsenic input in world arable surface in 2000 was 2.18 mg arsenic kg �1 , which is 1.2 times that in the lithosphere. The development of substitute materials for arsenic applications in the agricultural and forestry industries and controls of arsenic emissions from the coal industry may be possible strategies to significantly decrease arsenic pollution sources and dissipation rates into the environment.
TL;DR: This article proposed a semiparametric estimator that, because of its theoretical properties and its simulation results, enables one to empirically proceed with a higher degree of confidence, which is problematic because conclusions from economic analyses, which require estimated conditional yield densities, tend not to be invariant to the modeling assumption.
Abstract: Given the increasing interest in agricultural risk, many have sought improved methods to characterize conditional crop-yield densities While most have postulated the Beta as a flexible alternative to the Normal, others have chosen nonparametric methods Unfortunately, yield data tends not to be sufficiently abundant to invalidate many reasonable parametric models This is problematic because conclusions from economic analyses, which require estimated conditional yield densities, tend not to be invariant to the modeling assumption We propose a semiparametric estimator that, because of its theoretical properties and our simulation results, enables one to empirically proceed with a higher degree of confidence Copyright 2003, Oxford University Press
TL;DR: In this article, two newly developed parameters, the redistribution index and the reduced partitioning parameter, were proposed to quantify the relative binding intensity of heavy metals in contaminated soils, and the results showed that the rates of redistribution of metals and their binding intensity in soils were affected by the metal species, loading levels and soil properties, and that metal salt-spiked and sludge-amended soils at low loading levels approach the fractional distribution pattern more rapidly than those at high loading levels.
06 Jan 2003
TL;DR: This paper reports on a recent attempt to focus requirements in this area by examining those currently in use and suggests a categorization of information assurance metrics that may be tailored to an organization's needs.
Abstract: The term "assurance" has been used for decades in trusted system development as an expression of confidence that one has in the strength of mechanisms or countermeasures. One of the unsolved problems of security engineering is the adoption of measures or metrics that can reliably depict the assurance associated with a specific hardware and software system. This paper reports on a recent attempt to focus requirements in this area by examining those currently in use. It then suggests a categorization of information assurance (IA) metrics that may be tailored to an organization's needs. We believe that the provision of security mechanisms in systems is a subset of the systems engineering discipline having a large software-engineering correlation. There is general agreement that no single system metric or any "one-prefect" set of IA metrics applies across all systems or audiences. The set most useful for an organization largely depends on their IA goals, their technical, organizational and operational needs, and the financial, personnel, and technical resources that are available.
TL;DR: In this paper, two-dimensional, elastic-perfectly plastic finite element analyses of middle-crack tension (MT) and compact tension (CT) geometries were conducted to study fatigue crack closure and to calculate the crack-opening values under plane-strain and plane-stress conditions.
TL;DR: Static and dynamic light scattering are discussed as particularly useful tools for studying various aspects of protein crystal growth and protein-protein interactions determined by light scattering serve as a predictor for favorable crystallization conditions as well as for protein solubility behavior.
TL;DR: It is shown that weak random interactions among thePEs can make this spread nondivergent, and the PEs then progress at a nonzero, near-uniform rate without requiring global synchronizations.
Abstract: In a parallel discrete-event simulation (PDES) scheme, tasks are distributed among processing elements (PEs) whose progress is controlled by a synchronization scheme. For lattice systems with short-range interactions, the progress of the conservative PDES scheme is governed by the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation from the theory of nonequilibrium surface growth. Although the simulated (virtual) times of the PEs progress at a nonzero rate, their standard deviation (spread) diverges with the number of PEs, hindering efficient data collection. We show that weak random interactions among the PEs can make this spread nondivergent. The PEs then progress at a nonzero, near-uniform rate without requiring global synchronizations.