Mulawarman University

About: Mulawarman University is a education organization based out in Samarinda, Indonesia. It is known for research contribution in the topics: SCOOP & Biology. The organization has 2964 authors who have published 2957 publications receiving 11157 citations. The organization is also known as: Universitas Mulawarman.

Antimicrobial potential of Carica papaya, Ipomoea aquatica, Alpinia galanga and Piper betle against the aquatic microbials

Abstract: . Saptiani G, Hardi EH, Pebrianto CA, Agustina, Ardhani F. 2016. Antimicrobial potential of Carica papaya, Ipomoea aquatica, Alpinia galanga and Piper betle against the aquatic microbials. Nusantara Bioscience 8: 252-257. This research was aimed to investigate the antimicrobial potential of the leaves extract from Carica papaya, Ipomoea aquatica, Piper betle and Alpinia galanga stem against Aeromonas hydrophila, Pseudomonas sp., Escherichia coli, and Saprolegnia spp.; the pathogenic microbes in aquatics. These plants were dried and extracted with water and ethanol, separately. The extract was then tested for its inhibition effect to the microbial by in vitro agar disc diffusion (ADD) at the concentration of 100, 200, 400, 600, 800, and 1,000 ppm and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) at the concentration of 600, 800, and 1,000 ppm. The result showed that water or ethanol extract f of plants showed potent inhibitor against the aquatic microbial. The ethanol extract of P. betle showed the highest inhibition at 800 ppm, with inhibition zones to A. hydrophila, and Pseudomonas sp. 12.3 mm, E. coli, and Saprolegnia spp. 12.7 mm. One thousand ppm ethanol extract of P. betle could inhibit the best microbes growth using MIC method to A. hydrophila 189.7 cfu/mL, Pseudomonas sp. 253.0 cfu/mL, Saprolegnia spp.169.3 cfu/mL, and 800 ppm to E. coli 172.7 cfu/mL.

Offering an Approach to Measure Beliefs Quantitatively: Capturing the Influence of Students' Abilities on Teachers' Beliefs

Abstract: Studies measuring teachers’ beliefs quantitatively by using self-report Likert scale instruments often face methodological difficulties. Such difficulties might be due to the fact that those instruments often provide less or no contexts. Whereas, several studies have shown that contexts at school, particularly contexts related to students’ abilities, may influence teachers’ beliefs. To overcome such difficulties, we offer an approach by using rank-then-rate items instead of Likert scale items and by explicitly taking into account students’ abilities within a questionnaire. In this study, we had 43 Indonesian teachers answering this questionnaire to investigate how students’ abilities influence teachers’ beliefs about teaching and learning of mathematics and problem solving as well as the interrelation between these beliefs with their beliefs about mathematics. The results suggest that teachers may elicit different beliefs about teaching and learning in the context of students’ abilities. Furthermore, we found that teachers’ beliefs about mathematics correlate with their beliefs about teaching and learning in the context of low ability students, but not in the context of high ability students.

Analisis jumlah kromosom dan anatomi stomata pada beberapa plasma nutfah pisang (musa sp.) asal kalimantan timur

Abstract: East Kalimantan is an area rich in banana germ plasm. Conservation should be focused not only on varieties of high economic values, but on those of unknown economic value as well. Studies on genetic, morphological, anatomical, and agronomical characters of plants are required to avoid duplications of germ plasm collections. In the present study six banana germ plasm accessions - AK1M, AK2M, AK3M, AK4M, AK7P and AK8P - from East Kalimantan were examined. The objective was to reveal the ploidy based on chromosome numbers and to characterize the anatomy of the stomata. Chromosome analysis revealed different ploidies: diploid and triploid, with chromosome number 2n=22 for accessions AK1M, AK2M, AK3M, AK4B, and AK7P, and 2n=33 for accession AK8P. There was a correlation between the sizes of the epidermal cell and the stomata. Accession AK8P with triploidy had bigger epidermal cells and stomatas. The stomatas were located on the upper and lower surfaces of leaves with the exception of acccession AK4B whose stomata were located only on the lower surface. The highest stomatal density on the upper surface (3227.18 /mm2) was shown by accession AK3M with stomatal index value of 6.44%, while the highest value on the lower surface (17222.22/mm2) was found on accession AK4B with stomatal index of 15.35%.

Role of hypertonic sodium lactate in traumatic brain injury management

Abstract: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) following increased intracranial pressure (ICP) is a neuroemergency case which should be managed promptly to prevent secondary brain injury. This will lead to a condition called cerebral energy dysfunction which is an important determinant factor toward worse outcome. Lactate, which was historically known as an end waste product, now is considered as an alternative cerebral energetic fuel. Hypertonic sodium lactate (HSL) is a promising hyperosmolar fluid which serves not only to decrease ICP but also to readily supply exogenous lactate to fulfill increased cerebral energy demand. Pioneer studies have shown the harmlessness and usefulness of HSL in treating pathological condition including TBI.