Mulawarman University

About: Mulawarman University is a education organization based out in Samarinda, Indonesia. It is known for research contribution in the topics: SCOOP & Biology. The organization has 2964 authors who have published 2957 publications receiving 11157 citations. The organization is also known as: Universitas Mulawarman.

Expert System of Black Orchid Cultivation using Certainty Factor Method

Abstract: Black Orchid is a typical plant originating from Borneo Island. Black orchid is protected because its presence in nature that begins to extinct. Therefore, cultivation and multiplication are urgently needed in order to overcome the extinction of black orchid. Yet, the cultivation of black orchids is a difficult thing to do. This is caused by the lack of information or knowledge in cultivating black orchid. This study was conducted by employing Certainty Factor method in expert system design that allowed users to know the conditions that happened in accordance with the selected symptoms of the black orchid. Moreover, the results showed that the expert system used in Certainty Factor method contributed to providing the condition analysis experienced by black orchid in accordance with the symptoms that have been selected. Furthermore, this system was also able to provide solutions to the conditions that occurred. In addition to that, based on the previous results of validity tests, this expert system contributed to yield accuracy results of 100%. Thus, these results indicate the suitability of information generated by the system with information from experts as well as observations of conditions performed on black orchid plants.

Large-scale screening of natural genetic resource in the hydrocarbon-producing microalga Botrycoccus braunii identified novel fast-growing strains.

Abstract: Algal biofuel research aims to make a renewable, carbon–neutral biofuel by using oil-producing microalgae. The freshwater microalga Botryococcus braunii has received much attention due to its ability to accumulate large amounts of petroleum-like hydrocarbons but suffers from slow growth. We performed a large-scale screening of fast-growing strains with 180 strains isolated from 22 ponds located in a wide geographic range from the tropics to cool-temperate. A fast-growing strain, Showa, which recorded the highest productivities of algal hydrocarbons to date, was used as a benchmark. The initial screening was performed by monitoring optical densities in glass tubes and identified 9 wild strains with faster or equivalent growth rates to Showa. The biomass-based assessments showed that biomass and hydrocarbon productivities of these strains were 12–37% and 11–88% higher than that of Showa, respectively. One strain, OIT-678 established a new record of the fastest growth rate in the race B strains with a doubling time of 1.2 days. The OIT-678 had 36% higher biomass productivity, 34% higher hydrocarbon productivity, and 20% higher biomass density than Showa at the same cultivation conditions, suggesting the potential of the new strain to break the record for the highest productivities of hydrocarbons.

The Pathogenesis Characteristics and Symptom of Covid-19 in the Context of Establishing a Nursing Diagnosis

Abstract: Covid-19 is a disease that causes a global health emergency, caused by SAR-CoV2 and transmitted through droplets Viruses attached to host cells are strongly bound to ACE2 causing excessive inflammatory reactions (Cytokine Storm) The incubation period 1-14 days, causing signs and symptoms of the respiratory syndrome, fever, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and in severe conditions multi-organ failure that ends in death In May 2020 the world mortality rate increased by 1545%, which previously was March 2020 at 34% The concept of pathogenesis is needed as an effort to provide understanding in handling Covid-19 so that mortality can be controlled Tracing and understanding the characteristics of Covid-19 pathogenesis that gives rise to various pathological responses of the body becomes an interesting analytical study to establish an appropriate diagnosis, including nursing diagnoses in order to develop a comprehensive nursing plan This study aims to review the characteristics of covid-19 pathogenesis in the context of establishing a nursing diagnosis according to the Indonesian Nursing Diagnosis Standards A literature study is done by analyzing the characteristics of COVID-19 signs and symptoms and comparing the major and minor data groupings that exist in the Indonesian Nursing Diagnosis Standard Characteristic pathogenesis results from mild , moderate and severe symptoms Grouping results refer to nursing diagnoses including ineffective airway clearance, ventilator weaning disorders, gas exchange disorders, ineffective breathing patterns, the risk of spontaneous circulatory disorders, hyperthermia and anxiety Keywords: Nursing diagnosis Covid-19, signs anda symptome covid-19, pathogenesis Covid-19, SAR-CoV2

Interaction Of Training Methods and Explosive Power On Learning Outcomes For Running 100 Meters

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the interaction between the training method and the explosive power of the leg muscles on the learning outcomes of the 100 meter run. This research was conducted at the Teaching and Education Faculty of Mulawarman University with an experimental method, with a 2 x 2 factorial design. The sample in this study was 120 students, divided into 4 groups, each group consisting of 30 students. Analysis of the data used is a two-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The results of the study stated that: (1) The acceleration sprint training method and the sprint training method did not have different effects on improving learning outcomes in running 100 meters, Fo = 5.452 > Ft5% db (1;116) = 3.84, (2) Without paying attention to the use of the two forms of training methods (acceleration sprint training method and the sprint training method), the explosive power of the strong leg muscles has a different effect when compared to the explosive power of the weak leg muscles on the learning outcomes of running 100 meters, Fo = 0.237 ? Ft5% db (1;116) = 3.84, (3). There is an interaction between the training method and the explosive power of the leg muscles on the learning outcomes of the 100 meter run, Fo = 13.044 > Ft5% db (1;116) = 3.84.

Determination of Antioxidant and Anti-Melanogenesis Activities of Indonesian Lai, Durio kutejensis (Bombacaceae (Hassk) Becc) Fruit Extract

Abstract: Purpose : To investigate the antioxidant and anti-melanogenesis activities of Durio kutejensis [Bombacaceae (Hassk.) Becc] fruit extract. Methods : The fruit flesh of D. kutejensis was extracted successively with n-hexane, ethyl acetate/EtOAc, and ethanol/EtOH at room temperature repeatedly. The extracts were concentrated in vacuo to yield their residues. Antioxidant properties were analyzed by 2,2'-azino-bis(3- ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS, superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity, 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) while anti-melanogensis activity was evaluated by tyrosinase enzyme activity and B16 melanoma cell assays (melanin inhibition and cytotoxicity). Results : The extract (200 μg/mL) showed melanin inhibition by inhibiting melanin formation in B16 melanoma cell by 47 % without cytotoxicity but did not inhibit tyrosinase enzyme activity. The extract (1 - 1000 μg/mL) also exhibited some level of antioxidant activity including ORAC (0.04 ± 0.00 μmol TE/mg at 950 μg/mL), ABTS (1.0 ± 0.2 % at 100.8 μg/mL), SOD (IC50, 76.00 ± 14.6 μg/mL, and DPPH (21.5 ± 0.7 % at 97.39 μg/mL extract concentration). Conclusion : The fruit extract of Durio kutejensis has antioxidant properties with a potential for treating hyperpigmentation and for use as a skin-lightening agent. Keywords : Durio kutejensis , Antioxidant, Anti-melanogenesis, B16 Melanoma cell Hyperpigmentation, Skin-lightening agent