Showing papers by "National Chung Hsing University published in 1995"
TL;DR: In this paper, the antioxidative activity and scavenging effects on active oxygen of Maillard reaction products (MRP) prepared by heating xylose and lysine (XL) at a molar ratio 1:2 and pH 9.0 for 1.5 h (XL-1 to XL-5) were investigated.
Abstract: The antioxidative activity and scavenging effects on active oxygen of Maillard reaction products (MRP) prepared by heating xylose and lysine (XL) at a molar ratio 1:2 and pH 9.0 for 1.5 h (XL-1 to XL-5) were investigated. The antioxidative activity and browning intensity of XL MRP increased with increasing duration of reaction, but XL-1 and XL-2 MRP showed greater reducing power than other samples (P < 0.05). All XL MRP showed scavenging activity on 1,1-diphenyl–2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical. XL-1, XL-2 and XL-3 MRP exhibited about 50% reduction in absorbance of superoxide. Scavenging effects of XL MRP on DPPH radical and superoxide were markedly decreased after decolorization with Sep-Pak Cartridge C18, indicating that the browning pigment might contain components that can scavenge superoxide or donate hydrogen atoms. The electron paramagnetic resonance spectra indicated that XL MRP had scavenging activity on the hydroxyl radical; this scavenging effect depended on dose (r = 0.99) and increased with increasing duration of reaction. Based on these data, the antioxidative activity of XL MRP may be attributed to the combined effects of reducing power, donation of hydrogen atoms and scavenging of active oxygen.
185 citations
TL;DR: OOCs with unequal auto- and cross-correlation constraints are viewed as constant-weight unequal error protection (UEP) codes with two levels of protection and bounds on the size are developed and interpreted from this viewpoint.
Abstract: An optical orthogonal code (OOC) is a collection of binary sequences with good auto- and cross-correlation properties; they were defined by Salehi and others as a means of obtaining code-division multiple access on optical networks. Up to now, all work on OOCs have assumed that the constraint placed on the autocorrelation and that placed on the cross-correlation are the same. We consider-codes for which the two constraints are not equal. Specifically we develop bounds on the size of such OOCs and demonstrate constriction techniques for building them. The results demonstrate that a significant increase in the code size is possible by letting the autocorrelation constraint exceed the cross-correlation constraint. These results suggest that for a given performance requirement the optimal OOC may be one with unequal constraints. This paper also views OOCs with unequal auto- and cross-correlation constraints as constant-weight unequal error protection (UEP) codes with two levels of protection. The bounds derived are interpreted from this viewpoint. >
147 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedastic (GARCH) process with a conditional stable distribution was modeled such that the scale parameter is modelled such that a GARCH process with normally distributed residuals is a special case.
Abstract: Maximum likelihood is used to estimate a generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedastic (GARCH) process where the residuals have a conditional stable distribution (GARCH-stable). The scale parameter is modelled such that a GARCH process with normally distributed residuals is a special case. The usual methods of estimating the parameters of the stable distribution assume constant scale and will underestimate the characteristic exponent when the scale parameter follows a GARCH process. The parameters of the GARCH-stable model are estimated with daily foreign currency returns. Estimates of characteristic exponents are higher with the GARCH-stable than when independence is assumed. Monte Carlo hypothesis testing procedures, however, reject our GARCH-stable model at the 1% significance level in four out of five cases.
129 citations
TL;DR: The extended prime code is shown to be preferable to the original code and the probability distribution of the interference generated by crosscorrelation functions of the original and extended prime codes are derived analytically.
Abstract: An ‘extended’ prime code is introduced for optical code-division multiple access (CDMA). The probability distribution of the interference generated by crosscorrelation functions of the original and extended prime codes are derived analytically. The performances of both codes are then analysed using a Gaussian approximation. Finally, the extended prime code is shown to be preferable to the original code.
111 citations
TL;DR: Many of the proteins required for flagellar biogenesis and virulence protein secretion in plant and animal pathogens may have a common ancestry.
Abstract: Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae 61 contains a 25-kb hrp cluster that is sufficient to elicit the hypersensitive response (HR) in nonhost plants. Previous studies have shown that mutations in complementation groups VIII, IX, and XI in the hrp cluster abolished the ability of the bacterium to cause the HR. The sequence of a 3.7-kb SmaI-SstI fragment covering groups VIII and IX now reveals five open reading frames (ORFs) in the same transcript, designated as hrpU, hrpW, hrpO, hrpX, and hrpY, and predicted to encode proteins of 14,795, 23,211, 9,381, 28,489, and 39,957 Da, respectively. The hrpU, hrpW, hrpO, hrpX, and hrpY genes are homologous and arranged colinearly with the yscQ/spa33/spaO, yscR/spa24/spaP, yscS/spa9/spaQ, yscT/spa29/spaR, and yscU/spa40/spaS genes of Yersinia spp., Shigella flexneri, and Salmonella typhimurium, respectively. These proteins also show similarity to Fli/Flh proteins of Bacillus and enteric bacteria. The Ysc and Spa proteins are involved in the secretion of virulence factors, like the Yop and Ipa proteins. Fli/Flh proteins are involved in flagellar biogenesis. The sequence of a 2.9-kb EcoRV-EcoRI DNA fragment containing mainly group XI revealed five ORFs, designated hrpC, hrpD, hrpE, hrpF, and hrpG, predicted to encode proteins of 29,096, 15,184, 21,525, 7,959, and 13,919 Da, respectively. The first three genes belong to an operon containing hrpZ, which encodes an extracellular protein that elicits the HR. hrpF and hrpG are two potential ORFs upstream of hrpH in the hrpH operon. HrpC is homologous to Yersinia YscJ, Pseudomonas solanacearum HrpI, Xanthomonas compestris pv. vesicatoria HrpB3, and Rhizobium fredii NolT. HrpE is similar to YscL of Yersinia spp. P. s. pv. syringae 61 Hrp proteins are most similar to Ysc proteins among those homologs. TnphoA insertions in hrpC, hrpE, hrpW, hrpX, and hrpY abolished the ability of P. s.pv. syringae 61 to secrete HrpZ (harpinPss), as determined by immunoblot analysis of cell-bound and culture supernatant fractions. Thus, many of the proteins required for flagellar biogenesis and virulence protein secretion in plant and animal pathogens may have a common ancestry.
105 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the potential of liquefaction under the action of such a wave system is evaluated for the regions in the seabed fronting a breakwater, including reflection coefficient, relative water depth, degree of soil saturation and soil permeability.
98 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the changes in quality of Royal Jelly (RJ) stored at −20 °C, 4 °C and room temperatures under dark and light conditions for up to 7 months were investigated.
83 citations
TL;DR: The radical-scavenging ability of BVIT and VLC did not correlate with their effects on microsomal lipid peroxidation, and the stimulation of lipid per oxidation by thiamin, pyridoxine and carnitine suggests that supplementation of large amounts of these compounds may not be desirable.
67 citations
TL;DR: The results indicate that at both 5 and 25°C, aging inhibited seed germination and enhanced lipid peroxidation, but with more rapid seed deterioration and a greater extent of lipidperoxidation at the latter temperature.
65 citations
TL;DR: In this article, dry municipal solid waste (MSW) samples were compacted in Plexiglas columns to densities of 160, 320 and 480 kg m−3, and the columns were set-up as constant head permeameters.
63 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the optimal operation of a single removable and non-reliable server in a Markovian queueing system under steady-state conditions is studied, where the server can be turned on at arrival epochs or off at departure epochs.
TL;DR: The E1cb mechanism is the overwhelming process in the reaction of bases and ozonides as mentioned in this paper, and the secondary amines reacted with mono-and 1,1-di-substituted amines to afford reductive amination products in high yields.
TL;DR: In this paper, a time-delay control algorithm is developed to solve the practical problem of unsynchronized application of the control forces which may not only degrade the performance but also induce instability to the dynamic system.
Abstract: Time-delay causes unsynchronized application of the control forces which may not only degrade the performance of the control system but also even induce instability to the dynamic system. Time-delay control algorithm is developed in this paper to solve this practical problem. The control system is first formulated in discrete-time form. In the presence of time-delay, the motion equation of the discrete-time control system remains a difference equation which can be transformed into first-order difference equation by augmenting the state variables. Optimal time-delay control algorithm is derived based on the augmented system. The time-delay control forces are simply generated from the time-delay states multiplied by the constant feedback gain. Numerical simulation is illustrated to verify the feasibility of the proposed control algorithm. Since time-delay effect is incorporated in the mathematical model for the structural control system throughout the derivation of the proposed algorithm, system performance and dynamic stability are guaranteed.
TL;DR: In this article, the antioxidant properties of methanolic extracts of peanut hulls from various cultivars (Spanish, Valencia, Runner, and Virginia) were investigated, and the hulls of Spanish cultivar were selected as the best antioxidant material among the four cultivars because of the cultivar's highest content in both luteolin and total phenolic compounds.
Abstract: The antioxidant activities of methanolic extracts of peanut hulls (MEPH) from various cultivars (Spanish, Valencia, Runner, and Virginia) were investigated. The luteolin content in MEPH for Spanish, Valencia, Runner, and Virginia was 3.16, 2.47, 0.95, and 0.75 mg/g of hulls, and the total phenolic content was 10.2, 10.1, 6.6, and 4.2 mg/g of hulls, respectively. MEPH from various cultivars showed similar and strong antioxidant activity as a result of a high content of total phenolic compounds. Based on these results, the hulls of Spanish cultivar were selected as the best antioxidant material among the four cultivars because of the cultivar’s highest content in both luteolin and total phenolic compounds.
TL;DR: In this paper, a mathematical model that accounts for simultaneous transport of substrates, disinfectants and microorganisms has been developed to predict substantial changes in quality of distributed water, which is validated by comparing its solutions with the numerical solutions in the literature and then is applied for predicting the behavior of a typical water treatment plant effluent through a distribution pipe.
TL;DR: In this article, the porcine pancreas was demonstrated to catalyze reactions under ultrasonic condition, and reaction rates were significantly enhanced 7 to 83-fold and enantioselectivities were retained.
TL;DR: In this paper, a continuous analysis method for determining the buckling load of delaminated beams and plates is presented, which allows structures to have a multiple number of delaminations of various shapes and sizes, and at any locations.
Abstract: The study presents a continuous analysis method for determining the buckling load of delaminated beams and plates. Investigations include beam-plates with end rotational restraints using the Stokes' transformation technique and orthotropic plates with simple supports. The analysis allows structures to have a multiple number of delaminations of various shapes and sizes, and at any locations. The method treats the discontinuous structure as a body without delamination but with a force system added at a number of discrete points in the delaminated region so as to make the net interracial tractions to vanish at these points. Hence, the procedure solves problems of delaminated structures directly as a continuous system. Fourier series in conjunction with the Stokes' transformation is used which provides a unified solution for problems with different end conditions. Numerical results accounting for the effects of delamination length, location and shape; boundary conditions and stiffness of adhesive layer, to th...
TL;DR: An exponential bidirectional associative memory using an exponential encoding scheme is discussed, which has a higher capacity for pattern pair storage than conventional BAMs and takes advantage of the exponential nonlinearity in the evolution equations to increase the signal-to-noise ratio.
Abstract: An exponential bidirectional associative memory (eBAM) using an exponential encoding scheme is discussed. It has a higher capacity for pattern pair storage than conventional BAMs. A new energy function is defined. The associative memory takes advantage of the exponential nonlinearity in the evolution equations such that the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is significantly increased. The energy of the eBAM decreases as the recall process proceeds, ensuring the stability of the system. The increase of SNR consequently enhances the capacity of the BAM. The capacity of the exponential BAM is estimated. >
TL;DR: In this paper, the pore pressure response within a porous seabed induced by the standing wave is analyzed using Biot's theory of consolidation, and experiments for the response are also conducted in a wave flume.
14 Aug 1995
TL;DR: A new thresholding method, called Noise Attribute Thresholding method (NAT), for document processing is presented, which utilizes the noise attribute features extracted from the image based on a simple noise model.
Abstract: A new thresholding method, called Noise Attribute Thresholding method (NAT), for document processing is presented. This method has overcome a difficulty encountered by many conventional global thresholding methods which utilize the image gray level histogram. The difficulty is that some objects of interest in the image do not form prominent peaks in the histogram. The NAT method utilizes the noise attribute features extracted from the image. These features are based on a simple noise model and are independent of the strength of the signals (objects) in the image. Experimental results show that this method is very effective.
TL;DR: In this paper, the relationship between MAUT and AHP for three-level hierarchic structures is demonstrated based on a common framework interpreting multiattribute decision making techniques, and a theorem showing the conditions under which two multi-attribute decision-making techniques result in a consistent preference structure is proved.
Abstract: The relationship between MAUT and AHP for three-level hierarchic structures is demonstrated based on a common framework interpreting multiattribute decision making techniques. A theorem showing the conditions under which two multiattribute decision making techniques result in a consistent preference structure is proved. It can be justified based on this theorem that the rank reversal problem in AHP resulting from the addition or deletion of alternatives is caused by multiplying inappropriate criteria priorities with local priorities for alternatives. A scaling method, AHP', is introduced synthesizing judgments from pairwise comparisons within and among criteria into value scales in MAUT.
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that the Aharonov-Bohm effect is a generic feature of any multipole moment moving in an electromagnetic field and a way to detect the AB phase of a magnetic quadrupole moment is also provided.
Abstract: It is shown that the Aharonov-Bohm (AB) effect is a generic feature of any multipole moment moving in an electromagnetic field. Explicit examples of electric and magnetic quadrupole moments are discussed. A way to detect the AB phase of a magnetic quadrupole moment is also provided.
TL;DR: In this paper, an isoparametric interface element is used in the vibration analysis of adhesively bonded structures, where it is assumed that transverse shear and peel stresses prevail in the adhesive layer.
TL;DR: The improved emergence percentage of vermiculite-hydrated seeds might be attributable to the hydration-strengthened seedling emergence strength, and hydrating the seeds in moist vermicULite is an effective means of improving seedling emerged.
01 Sep 1995
TL;DR: The technique of soft error scrubbing, that is periodically removing all soft errors to improve the system reliability, is studied for RAM systems with chip-level coding only (one-level fault tolerance) and both board-level and chip- level codings (two-level Fault tolerance).
Abstract: Error control codes are widely used to improve the reliability of random-access memory (RAM) systems. The paper evaluates the reliability of coded memory systems suffering both hard (permanent) errors and soft (transient) errors. The technique of soft error scrubbing, that is periodically removing all soft errors to improve the system reliability, is studied for RAM systems with chip-level coding only (one-level fault tolerance) and both board-level and chip-level codings (two-level fault tolerance). Previous work, which covers hard errors only, is extended to include the technique of soft-error scrubbing. In addition, the assumption that the error rates among the different memory components are the same is removed. The result offers a simple and low-computational way of estimating the reliability of semiconductor RAMs protected by the error control codes.
TL;DR: It is shown that PABA reacted with hypochlorite in a ratio of reaction of 1:2, as measured by a spectrofluorometric method developed in this study, an effect that may be relevant to its protection against photocarcinogenesis, inflammation, and drug toxicity.
Abstract: Para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), once considered a vitamin, is a precursor of folate for certain bacteria and is used as a sunscreen because of its UV-absorbing property. In addition to its mild anti-inflammatory activity, recent studies demonstrate that PABA protects against photocarcinogenesis in hairless mice and nephrotoxicity of cis--diamminedichloroplatinum(II) in rats. However, little is known regarding the mechanism by which PABA exerts these effects. We have hypothesized that PABA may be an effective scavenger of reactive oxygen species. In this report, we showed that PABA reacted with hypochlorite in a ratio of reaction of 1:2, as measured by a spectrofluorometric method developed in this study. PABA reacted with hvdroxyl radicals (·OH) by inhibiting deoxyribose oxidation induced by a Fenton-type reaction system (Fe3+ + EDTA/H2OO2//ascorbic acid). The second-order rate constant for the reaction of PABA with ·OH was approximated 1.07 × 1010 M−1 s−1.. Electron spin resonance studies further demonstrated the reaction of PABA with ·OH. The Fenton-type reaction system also caused damage to calf thymus DNA, and concurrent treatment with UV (254 nm) enhanced the damage by 3 fold. PABA tested at 1.0 mM afforded 58% protection against such damage. Using rose bengal as a singlet oxygen (1OO2)) generator and ESR techniques, we showed that PABA scavenged 1OO2 more effectively than sodium azide, a known quencher of 1OO2.. However, PABA did not scavenge superoxide onions or react with H2OO2.. Thus, in addition to its UV absorbing ability, PABA effectively scavenges certain reactive oxygen species, an effect that may be relevant to its protection against photocarcinogenesis, inflammation, and drug toxicity.
TL;DR: The antioxidant activity and variations of components in methanolic extracts of peanut hulls (MEPH) after UV irradiation were investigated in this paper, where MEPH of varied periods of irradiation (0, 3 and 6 days) exhibited 96.0% inhibition of peroxidation of linoleic acid.
TL;DR: A model is proposed in which the spread of HIV/AIDS in the community is mainly due to the sexual interaction between a core group of female prostitutes and young unmarried males, and the persistence of infective population given the extinction of endemic proportions in a population tending to infinity.
Abstract: A model is proposed in which the spread of HIV/AIDS in the community is mainly due to the sexual interaction between a core group of female prostitutes and young unmarried males. Several threshold parameters are obtained that determine persistence of endemic proportions, persistence of total population, and the persistence of infective population given the extinction of endemic proportions in a population tending to infinity. Conditions are given for the existence of multiple endemic equilibria as well as the existence of multiple stable equilibria with separatrix and their asymptotic behavior and biological significance are discussed. In all cases, global analysis is accompanied by bifurcation diagrams, and numerical examples are provided for some particular cases of interest. This model was proposed with the recent rapid growth of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Asia in mind.
TL;DR: In this paper, an estimator is proposed through some criterion, SC(k), of maximizing the log likelihood function with some penality term, which is similar to that given by Yao (1988) only with a different penal term.
TL;DR: In this article, the optimal operation of an M/Ek/1 queueing system with a removable service station under steady-state conditions was studied and the optimal operating policy at minimum cost was derived.
Abstract: This paper studies the optimal operation of an M/Ek/1 queueing system with a removable service station under steady-state conditions. Analytic closed-form solutions of the controllable M/Ek/1 queueing system are derived. This is a generalization of the controllable M/M/1, the ordinary M/Ek/1, and the ordinary M/M/1 queueing systems in the literature. We prove that the probability that the service station is busy in the steady-state is equal to the traffic intensity. Following the construction of the expected cost function per unit time, we determine the optimal operating policy at minimum cost.