Showing papers by "National Dairy Research Institute published in 2020"
TL;DR: The current review comprehensively summarizes and discussed various methodologies implied to extract, purify, and identification of paraprobiotic and postbiotic compounds and their potential health benefits.
Abstract: Probiotics have several health benefits by modulating gut microbiome; however, techno-functional limitations such as viability controls have hampered their full potential applications in the food and pharmaceutical sectors. Therefore, the focus is gradually shifting from viable probiotic bacteria towards non-viable paraprobiotics and/or probiotics derived biomolecules, so-called postbiotics. Paraprobiotics and postbiotics are the emerging concepts in the functional foods field because they impart an array of health-promoting properties. Although, these terms are not well defined, however, for time being these terms have been defined as here. The postbiotics are the complex mixture of metabolic products secreted by probiotics in cell-free supernatants such as enzymes, secreted proteins, short chain fatty acids, vitamins, secreted biosurfactants, amino acids, peptides, organic acids, etc. While, the paraprobiotics are the inactivated microbial cells of probiotics (intact or ruptured containing cell components such as peptidoglycans, teichoic acids, surface proteins, etc.) or crude cell extracts (i.e. with complex chemical composition)”. However, in many instances postbiotics have been used for whole category of postbiotics and parabiotics. These elicit several advantages over probiotics like; (i) availability in their pure form, (ii) ease in production and storage, (iii) availability of production process for industrial-scale-up, (iv) specific mechanism of action, (v) better accessibility of Microbes Associated Molecular Pattern (MAMP) during recognition and interaction with Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRR) and (vi) more likely to trigger only the targeted responses by specific ligand-receptor interactions. The current review comprehensively summarizes and discussed various methodologies implied to extract, purify, and identification of paraprobiotic and postbiotic compounds and their potential health benefits.
233 citations
04 Dec 2020
TL;DR: In this article, the authors highlight the critical points to address the current nanotechnology-based agricultural research that could benefit productivity and food security in future, and highlight some of the most important issues to be addressed.
Abstract: In the current scenario, it is an urgent requirement to satisfy the nutritional demands of the rapidly growing global population. Using conventional farming, nearly one-third of the crops get damaged mainly due to pest infestation, microbial attacks, natural disasters, poor soil quality, and lesser nutrient availability. More innovative technologies are immediately required to overcome these issues. In this regard, nanotechnology has contributed to the agrotechnological revolution that has imminent potential to reform the resilient agricultural system, while promising food security. Therefore, nanoparticles are becoming a new-age material to transform modern agricultural practices. The variety of nanoparticles-based formulations, including, nano-sized pesticides, herbicides, fungicides, fertilizers, and sensors, have been widely investigated for plant health management and soil improvement. In-depth understanding of plant and nanomaterial interactions opens new avenues towards improving crop practices through increased properties like disease resistance, crop yield, and nutrient utilization. In this review, we highlight the critical points to address the current nanotechnology-based agricultural research that could benefit productivity and food security in future.
201 citations
TL;DR: The FFAR2 signaling pathway regulates the insulin-stimulated lipid accumulation in adipocytes and inflammation, however peptide tyrosine-tyrosine (PPY) and glucagon-like peptide 1 regulates appetite.
Abstract: Natural polysaccharides cellulose, hemicelluloses, inulin etc., galactooligosaccharides (GOS), and fructooligosaccharides (FOS) play a significant role in the improvement of gut microbiota balance and human health. These polysaccharides prevent pathogen adhesion that stimulates the immune system and gut barrier function by servicing as fermentable substrates for the gut microbiota. The gut microbiota plays a key role in the fermentation of non-digestible carbohydrates (NDCs) fibres. Moreover, the gut microbiota is responsible for the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) like acetate, propionate and butyrate. Acetate is the most abundant and it is used by many gut commensals to produce propionate and butyrate in a growth-promoting cross-feeding process. The dietary fibres affect the gut microbiome and play vital roles in signaling pathways. The SCFAs, acetate, butyrate, and propionate have been reported to affect on metabolic activities at the molecular level. Acetate affects the metabolic pathway through the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) and free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFAR2/GPR43) while butyrate and propionate transactivate the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorsγ (PPARγ/NR1C3) and regulate the PPARγ target gene Angptl4 in colonic cells of the gut. The FFAR2 signaling pathway regulates the insulin-stimulated lipid accumulation in adipocytes and inflammation, however peptide tyrosine-tyrosine (PPY) and glucagon-like peptide 1 regulates appetite. The NDCs via gut microbiota dependent pathway regulate glucose homeostasis, gut integrity and hormone by GPCR, NF-kB, and AMPK-dependent processes.
90 citations
TL;DR: An attempt have been made to focus, at the preclinical level, on the various in vitro and in vivo tests using appropriate animal models, for assessing the safety and toxicity of probiotic organisms with a special emphasis on lactobacilli.
82 citations
TL;DR: Application of both PBRs proved beneficial to mitigate adverse effect of water deficit and salt stress by significantly improving physiological traits, biochemical traits and ultimately grain yield in both crops.
80 citations
TL;DR: The current research represents first in vivo evidences for effective phage therapy against K. pneumoniae infection by using intranasal route and the loss of severity of lesions suggested overall beneficial effects of phage Therapy using BPA43 in the pneumonic mouse model.
Abstract: Objectives Klebsiella pneumoniae is an important emerging pathogen of humans and animals leading to serious clinical consequences. Increased antibiotic use has promoted the emergence of carbapenem-resistant and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing K. pneumoniae strains. Recently, phage therapy has gained momentum as a possible alternative against emerging antimicrobial resistance. This study was performed to assess the therapeutic effects of a novel lytic phage (VTCCBPA43) in a pneumonic mouse model in order to explore the efficacy of phage therapy against virulent K. pneumoniae infection. Methods The tailed phage VTCCBPA43 was assessed for its growth kinetics, in vitro host range, and temperature and pH sensitivity. Protein constituents were analysed by SDS-PAGE and nLC-MS/MS. Therapeutic efficacy was observed 2 h post-challenge with virulent K. pneumoniae in a BALB/c mouse model. Results Phage VTCCBPA43 was found to be highly temperature-tolerant (up to 80 °C). It was most active at pH 5, had a burst size of 172 PFU/mL and exhibited a narrow host range. It was identified as a KP36-like phage by shotgun proteomics. Following intranasal application of a single dose (2 × 109 PFU/mouse) post-challenge with virulent K. pneumoniae, the presence of biologically active phage in vivo and a significant reduction in the lung bacterial load at all time points was observed. A reduction in lesion severity suggested overall beneficial effects of VTCCBPA43 phage therapy in the pneumonic mouse model. Conclusion This research represents the first in vivo evidence of effective phage therapy against K. pneumoniae infection by the intranasal route.
80 citations
TL;DR: An attempt has been made to review the metal packaging materials used in food industry and Indian Standard specifications, their safety and recyclability aspects, their magnetic properties which helps in easier segregation.
Abstract: Metal based packaging materials provide excellent barrier properties and hence, being used widely in food packaging applications. They are used in different package forms and also as closures such as for glass bottles and composite cans. Major health and product safety concerns of metal packaging comprise migration of bisphenol A, lead, cadmium, mercury, aluminium, iron, nickel, bulging of cans, tin dissolution, blackening and corrosion. Metals are not inert to food products, hence coated with protective lacquers to prevent metal–food interaction and migration of metal components. Metal packaging materials have lower global warming potential and higher recyclability due to their magnetic properties which helps in easier segregation. An attempt has been made in this article to review the metal packaging materials used in food industry and Indian Standard specifications, their safety and recyclability aspects.
60 citations
TL;DR: A mechanistic understanding of AF and their interaction with other gut microbes as well as the host animal is essential, especially when production of affordable high-quality protein and other animal-based products needs to meet the demands of an increasing human population.
Abstract: Anaerobic fungi (AF) play an essential role in feed conversion due to their potent fiber degrading enzymes and invasive growth. Much has been learned about this unusual fungal phylum since the paradigm shifting work of Colin Orpin in the 1970s, when he characterized the first AF. Molecular approaches targeting specific phylogenetic marker genes have facilitated taxonomic classification of AF, which had been previously been complicated by the complex life cycles and associated morphologies. Although we now have a much better understanding of their diversity, it is believed that there are still numerous genera of AF that remain to be described in gut ecosystems. Recent marker-gene based studies have shown that fungal diversity in the herbivore gut is much like the bacterial population, driven by host phylogeny, host genetics and diet. Since AF are major contributors to the degradation of plant material ingested by the host animal, it is understandable that there has been great interest in exploring the enzymatic repertoire of these microorganisms in order to establish a better understanding of how AF, and their enzymes, can be used to improve host health and performance, while simultaneously reducing the ecological footprint of the livestock industry. A detailed understanding of AF and their interaction with other gut microbes as well as the host animal is essential, especially when production of affordable high-quality protein and other animal-based products needs to meet the demands of an increasing human population. Such a mechanistic understanding, leading to more sustainable livestock practices, will be possible with recently developed -omics technologies that have already provided first insights into the different contributions of the fungal and bacterial population in the rumen during plant cell wall hydrolysis.
52 citations
TL;DR: In this review, the earlier findings on sperm DNA integrity in relation to male fertility are compiled and analyzed, together with a review of advances in methods for detection of sperm DNA damage, and the prognostic value of spermDNA quality on male fertility.
Abstract: The accurate prediction of male fertility is of major economic importance in the animal breeding industry However, the results of conventional semen analysis do not always correlate with field fertility outcomes There is evidence to indicate that mammalian fertilization and subsequent embryo development depend, in part, on the inherent integrity of the sperm DNA Understanding the complex packaging of mammalian sperm chromatin and assessment of DNA integrity could potentially provide a benchmark in clinical infertility In the era of assisted reproduction, especially when in-vitro fertilization or gamete intrafallopian transfer or intracytoplasmic sperm injection is used, assessment of sperm DNA integrity is important because spermatozoa are not subjected to the selection process occurring naturally in the female reproductive tract Although sperm DNA integrity testing measures a significant biological parameter, its precise role in the infertility evaluation in farm animals remains unclear In this review, the earlier findings on sperm DNA integrity in relation to male fertility are compiled and analyzed Furthermore, the causes and consequences of sperm DNA damage are described, together with a review of advances in methods for detection of sperm DNA damage, and the prognostic value of sperm DNA quality on male fertility
46 citations
TL;DR: It appears that mineral NP have potential for their uses as mineral supplements in preference to inorganic mineral supplements for their better absorption avoiding antagonistic interactions with other minerals, growth performance, and physiological functions, especially at lower doses compared with the doses that are recommended for their larger particles.
Abstract: Nanobiotechnology is a growing field in animal and veterinary sciences for various practical applications including diagnostic, therapeutic, and nutritional applications. Recently, nanoforms or nanoparticles (NP) of essential minerals have been explored for growth performance, feed utilization, and health status of animals. Various mineral NP, such as calcium, zinc, copper, selenium, and chromium, have been studied in different farm animals including poultry. Because mineral NP are smaller in size, and show different chemical and physical properties, they are usually absorbed in greater amounts from gastrointestinal tract and exert enhanced biological effects in the target tissues of animals. In various studies, mineral NP have been comparatively studied relating to its larger inorganic and organic particles in poultry. There are contradictory findings among the studies on comparative improvement of production performance and other mineral functions perhaps due to different sizes, shapes, and properties of NP, and interactions of minerals present in basal diets. There are not many studies correlating physical and chemical properties of mineral NP and their biological functions in the body. Nonetheless, it appears that mineral NP have potential for their uses as mineral supplements in preference to inorganic mineral supplements for their better absorption avoiding antagonistic interactions with other minerals, growth performance, and physiological functions, especially at lower doses compared with the doses that are recommended for their larger particles. Supplementation of mineral NP in diets could be a promising option in the future. This review summarizes the studies of different essential mineral NP used as mineral supplements for feed intake, growth performance, egg production and quality, and blood variables in poultry.
46 citations
TL;DR: Autozygosity and ROH islands, genomic regions with elevated ROH frequencies, were characterized in 112 animals of seven Indian native cattle breeds using BovineHD BeadChip and revealed distinct clustering of dairy, draft and short stature cattle breeds.
Abstract: Genome-wide runs of homozygosity (ROH) are suitable for understanding population history, calculating genomic inbreeding, deciphering genetic architecture of complex traits and diseases as well as identifying genes linked with agro-economic traits. Autozygosity and ROH islands, genomic regions with elevated ROH frequencies, were characterized in 112 animals of seven Indian native cattle breeds (B. indicus) using BovineHD BeadChip. In total, 4138 ROH were detected. The average number of ROH per animal was maximum in draft breed, Kangayam (63.62 ± 22.71) and minimum in dairy breed, Sahiwal (24.62 ± 11.03). The mean ROH length was maximum in Vechur (6.97 Mb) and minimum in Hariana (4.04 Mb). Kangayam revealed the highest ROH based inbreeding (FROH> 1Mb = 0.113 ± 0.059), whereas Hariana (FROH> 1Mb = 0.042 ± 0.031) and Sahiwal (FROH> 1Mb = 0.043 ± 0.048) showed the lowest. The high standard deviation observed in each breed highlights a considerable variability in autozygosity. Out of the total autozygous segments observed in each breed except Vechur, >80% were of short length (<8 Mb) and contributed almost 50% of the genome proportion under ROH. However, in Vechur cattle, long ROH contributed 75% of the genome proportion under ROH. ROH patterns revealed Hariana and Sahiwal breeds as less consanguineous, while recent inbreeding was apparent in Vechur. Maximum autozygosity observed in Kangayam is attributable to both recent and ancient inbreeding. The ROH islands were harbouring higher proportion of QTLs for production traits (20.68% vs. 14.64%; P≤ 0.05) but lower for reproductive traits (11.49% vs. 15.76%; P≤ 0.05) in dairy breeds compared to draft breed. In draft cattle, genes associated with resistant to diseases/higher immunity (LYZL1, SVIL and GPX4) and stress tolerant (CCT4) were identified in ROH islands; while in dairy breeds, for milk production (PTGFR, CSN1S1, CSN2, CSN1S2 and CSN3). Significant difference in ROH islands among large and short statured breeds was observed at chromosome 3 and 5 involving genes like PTGFR and HMGA2 responsible for milk production and stature, respectively. PCA analysis on consensus ROH regions revealed distinct clustering of dairy, draft and short stature cattle breeds.
TL;DR: The present study established the metabolic profile of bovine spermatozoa and identified the metabolomic differences between spermatozosa from high‐ and low‐fertile bulls.
Abstract: The objective of the study was to identify the fertility-associated metabolites in bovine spermatozoa using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Six Holstein Friesian crossbred bulls (three high-fertile and three low-fertile bulls) were the experimental animals. Sperm proteins were isolated and protein-normalized samples were processed for metabolite extraction and subjected to LC-MS/MS analysis. Mass spectrometry data were processed using iMETQ software and metabolites were identified using Human Metabolome DataBase while, Metaboanalyst 4.0 tool was used for statistical and pathway analysis. A total of 3,704 metabolites belonging to various chemical classes were identified in bull spermatozoa. After sorting out exogenous metabolites, 56 metabolites were observed common to both the groups while 44 and 35 metabolites were found unique to high- and low-fertile spermatozoa, respectively. Among the common metabolites, concentrations of 19 metabolites were higher in high-fertile compared to low-fertile spermatozoa (fold change > 1.00). Spermatozoa metabolites with variable importance in projections score of more than 1.5 included hypotaurine, d-cysteine, selenocystine. In addition, metabolites such as spermine and l-cysteine were identified exclusively in high-fertile spermatozoa. Collectively, the present study established the metabolic profile of bovine spermatozoa and identified the metabolomic differences between spermatozoa from high- and low-fertile bulls. Among the sperm metabolites, hypotaurine, selenocysteine, l-malic acid, d-cysteine, and chondroitin 4-sulfate hold the potential to be recognized as fertility-associated metabolites.
TL;DR: This paper investigated the changes in camel milk powder on spray and freeze drying by preparing spray-dried whole camel powder (SDW), spray-drained skimmed camel milk powders (SDS), and freeze-drone-dissolved whole camel milk mixture (FDW).
Abstract: This study investigated the changes in camel milk powder on spray and freeze drying by preparing spray dried whole camel milk powder (SDW), spray dried skimmed camel milk powder (SDS) and freeze-dried whole camel milk powder (FDW). All the powder variants showed significant changes (P
TL;DR: This review is an attempt to highlight the microbiome and metabolites signatures of BV and non-BV vaginal ecosystem, inflammation or infection-related preterm birth, host-microbial interactions, role and effectiveness of probiotics to fight against aforesaid diseased conditions.
TL;DR: In this paper, resveratrol was encapsulated into nanofibres by electrospinning at concentrations of 15, 18 and 21% TS, applied voltage of 13, 18, and 23kV and feed rates of 0.6 and 1mL/h using WPI-pullulan as wall material.
Abstract: Utilization of resveratrol as a nutraceutical in foods is limited due to its low bioavailability and chemical instability. Therefore, resveratrol was encapsulated into nanofibres by electrospinning at concentrations of 15, 18 and 21% TS, applied voltage of 13, 18 and 23 kV and feed rates of 0.6 and 1 mL/h using WPI-pullulan as wall material. Electrospinning conditions were optimized as 18% TS, 18 kV applied voltage and 0.6 mL/h flow rate. SEM images showed formation of clean and continuous fibres at 18 and 23 kV applied voltage, with a mean fibre diameter of 63 to 208 nm and encapsulation efficiency of 74 and 96.70%. Successful encapsulation of resveratrol was confirmed by FTIR and XRD analyses. The zeta potential of resveratrol-loaded nanofibres was in the range of − 20.5 to − 32.2 mV, suggestive of higher stability. The antioxidant property of resveratrol in nanofibres was retained. No significant physiochemical and sensorial changes were observed in resveratrol fortified milk.
TL;DR: In conclusion, L. rhamnosus inhibited and re-established E. coli-impaired intestinal barrier function by improving the expression and distribution of key junction protein and hence could serve an essential food additive to address the various health complications especially those associated with gastrointestinal tract.
Abstract: Probiotic as a preventive medicine is emerging as an indispensable tool in addressing the foodborne infections or gastrointestinal disorders. The present study was sought to determine the in vitro prophylactic potential of probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus (LR: MTCC-5897) against Escherichia coli (ATCC 14948) induced impairment in intestinal barrier function using Caco-2 cells. Intestinal cells exposed to E. coli demonstrated significantly higher phenol red flux (p < 0.05) and concomitantly decreased TEER (0.69 ± 0.01) in contrast to control or L. rhamnosus (109 cfu/mL)-treated cells. However, E. coli-induced barrier hyperpermeability was restored to significant extents (p < 0.01) when E. coli were excluded, competed or displaced by probiotic LR. Similarly, exposure of Caco-2 cells to E. coli reduced the mRNA expression of key tight junction genes, viz. Zo-1, Claudin-1, Occludin and Cingulin which however were restored significantly (p < 0.05) with L. rhamnosus treatment during exclusion or competition than displacement assays. The protective behaviour of probiotic LR against E. coli can also be observed in immunofluorescent and electron micrograph where intact cellular morphology along with preserved distribution and localisation of key integrity proteins can be found in LR-treated cells in contrast to distorted and disorganised distribution observed with E. coli exposure. In conclusion, L. rhamnosus inhibited and re-established E. coli-impaired intestinal barrier function by improving the expression and distribution of key junction protein and hence could serve an essential food additive to address the various health complications especially those associated with gastrointestinal tract.
TL;DR: Increasing selenium exposure tended to correlate with higher levels of total cholesterol, albumin, free triiodothyronine, deionidase activity, and with red cell and platelet counts, and increasing Selenium biomarkers having different abilities to predict such effects.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors developed a new composite drought vulnerability index (CDVI) comprising both crop and dairy indicators for 30 districts of Tamil Nadu, India, which was based on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) approach using exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity.
TL;DR: This review illustrates the diversity of farm animal-specific AMPs, and their biochemical foundations, mode of action, and prospective application in clinics, and addresses the limitations of their clinical implementation.
Abstract: Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are the arsenals of the innate host defense system, exhibiting evolutionarily conserved characteristics that are present in practically all forms of life. Recent years have witnessed the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria compounded with a slow discovery rate for new antibiotics that have necessitated scientific efforts to search for alternatives to antibiotics. Research on the identification of AMPs has generated very encouraging evidence that they curb infectious pathologies and are also useful as novel biologics to function as immunotherapeutic agents. Being innate, they exhibit the least cytotoxicity to the host and exerts a wide spectrum of biological activity including low resistance among microbes and increased wound healing actions. Notably, in veterinary science, the constant practice of massive doses of antibiotics with inappropriate withdrawal programs led to a high risk of livestock-associated antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, the world faces tremendous pressure for designing and devising strategies to mitigate the use of antibiotics in animals and keep it safe for posterity. In this review, we illustrate the diversity of farm animal-specific AMPs, and their biochemical foundations, mode of action, and prospective application in clinics. Subsequently, we present the data for their systematic classification under the major and minor groups, antipathogenic action, and allied bioactivities in the host. Finally, we address the limitations of their clinical implementation and envision areas for further advancement.
TL;DR: The comprehensive Y-chromosome information will be useful to examine the demographic expansion/spread of Bos indicus lineages from close proximity to the domestication centre across different countries worldwide and such diversity should be preserved through effective management and conservation programs.
Abstract: Y-chromosome genetic diversity in and around its domestication origin and a better understanding of indicine-specific microsatellite alleles are imperative concerns but less -targeted We analysed Y-chromosome markers in 301 bulls representing 19 native Indian cattle (Bos indicus) and identified new alleles and haplotypes Compared to other indicine studies, the high Y-haplotype diversity found in Indian cattle supports the hypothesis of greater genetic variability across the centre of origin decreasing along migratory routes with increasing distance Hence, a considerable paternal genetic diversity of Indian cattle appears to have been lost in transboundary commercial indicine breeds The Khillar and Gir are the most diversified populations where the first tends to be the well-differentiated traditional breed carrying strikingly distinct Y-lineages with typical BM861-158 bp allele, characteristics of taurine cattle, while retaining standard indicine lineages for all other markers Geographical distribution found to be an unreliable predictor of parental variation, and Y-lineages seemed closely related to Indian breed function/utility The comprehensive Y-chromosome information will be useful to examine the demographic expansion/spread of Bos indicus lineages from close proximity to the domestication centre across different countries worldwide and such diversity should be preserved through effective management and conservation programs
TL;DR: This review summarizes the methods used in the production of milk-derived bioactive peptides, their health-promoting attributes, and a safety perspective.
Abstract: The putative milk-derived bioactive peptides are the fragments of specific amino acid sequences with unique biological activities. These peptides are of interest as nutraceuticals as they positively modulate human physiology. Milk-derived peptides show various bio-functional attributes such as antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, antioxidative, opioid agonist/antagonist, ACE inhibition, and mineral binding ability. They are used as functional food ingredients in various food and pharmaceutical formulations. These peptides are primarily hidden or inactive as they are encrypted in native proteins, however, they are subsequently released after gastrointestinal digestion (acid or enzymatic hydrolysis). This process has been duplicate to generate bioactive peptides at the commercial scale using bacterial fermentation or enzymatic hydrolysis. Nevertheless, the exogenous bioactive peptides generated from different food-grade enzymes or with the digestive gastrointestinal enzymes with non-identical conditions retained the potential of such peptides to have some degree of cytotoxicity or allergenicity to human cells. Therefore, the safety assessment of bioactive peptides using the suitable experimental models and randomized clinical studies are important. This review summarizes the methods used in the production of milk-derived bioactive peptides, their health-promoting attributes, and a safety perspective.
TL;DR: The reduction in biofilm formation with acidic and neutralized supernatants of lactic acid bacteria revealed strain specific response but acidic fractions showed much stronger inhibition of biofilm irrespective of the type of challenge given to P. aeruginosa.
TL;DR: Considering the burgeoning advancement in the field of nanomedicine; in the near future, clinical applicability of these nano-formulated sesquiterpenes can be foreseen with great enthusiasm.
Abstract: In the recent scenario, nanotechnology-based therapeutics intervention has gained tremendous impetus all across the globe. Nano-based pharmacological intervention of various bioactive compounds has been explored on an increasing scale. Sesquiterpenes are major constituents of essential oils (EOs) present in various plant species which possess intriguing therapeutic potentials. However, owing to their poor physicochemical properties; they have pharmacological limitations. Recent advances in nano-based therapeutic interventions offer various avenues to improve their therapeutic applicability. Reckoning with these, the present review collates various nano-based therapeutic intervention of sesquiterpenes with prospective potential against various debilitating diseases especially cancer. In our viewpoint, considering the burgeoning advancement in the field of nanomedicine; in the near future, the clinical applicability of these nano-formulated sesquiterpenes can be foreseen with great enthusiasm.
TL;DR: The proteomics findings reveal the roles of post-stress recovery proteins and highlight the interacting pathways responsible for bacterial cell tolerance to bile stress and improve the potential therapeutic efficacy of probiotics strains in clinical trials for patients of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and related disorders.
TL;DR: Collectively, probiotic L. fermentum demonstrated in vitro prophylactic capability to rectify impaired barrier functions through tight junction gene modulation and therefore, could be safe and potential therapeutic agent for management of gut associated problems.
Abstract: Dietary intervention using probiotic bacteria has emerged a promising therapeutic strategy to curb gastrointestinal diseases. To test this hypothesis, present investigation was aimed to assess in vitro prophylactic capability of probiotic Lactobacillus fermentum (LF: MTCC-5898) against Escherichia coli (ATCC 14948) impaired barrier function using human intestinal Caco-2 cells. L. fermentum adhered strongly with Caco-2 cells (1850 ± 104.1 CFU/100 cells) and maintained host barrier integrity in contrast to leaky conditions induced by E. coli exposure characterised with high phenol red (6.73 ± 0.3%) flux concomitantly decreased TEER (0.69 ± 0.01). Intestinal cells treated with E. coli also displayed significantly (p
TL;DR: Results indicated blending of MD or GA with WPC improved the microencapsulation of GSE, with highest encapsulation efficiency and the smallest particle size with maximum retention of antioxidant activity.
Abstract: Grape seed extract (GSE) contain phenolic compounds that decrease the proclivity to various chronic diseases such as several types of cancer and cardiovascular diseases. The objective of the present study was to investigate the encapsulation of GSE polyphenols and their characterization. For this study, whey protein concentrate (WPC), maltodextrin (MD) and gum arabic (GA) were evaluated as encapsulating materials. For the preparation of stable microcapsules different WPC:MD/GA (5:0, 4:1, 3:2 and 0:5) ratios were assessed using ultrasonication for different time periods (20–40 min) followed by freeze drying. Encapsulation efficiency, antioxidant activity, particle size, surface morphology and release mechanism were determined. The GSE microcapsules coated with WPC:MD/GA ratio of 4:1 and 3:2 with core to coat ratio of 1:5 and prepared by sonication for 30 min were found to have highest encapsulation efficiency (87.90–91.13%) and the smallest particle size with maximum retention of antioxidant activity. Under optimized conditions, the low level release (43–49%) of phenolic compounds resulted under simulated gastric condition and significantly (p < 0.05) increased (88–92%) under simulated intestinal condition. Thus the results indicated blending of MD or GA with WPC improved the microencapsulation of GSE.
TL;DR: This work explores the efficacy and potential of four different blends of essential oils as bio-preservative for enhancement of shelf life of emulsion based ready-to-eat chicken sausages by 13–14 days, 16–17 days, 10–11 days and 6–7 days under refrigerated (4 ± 1 °C) storage.
Abstract: This work explores the efficacy and potential of four different blends of essential oils as bio-preservative for enhancement of shelf life of emulsion based ready-to-eat chicken sausages. Pre-optimized levels of four different blends of essential oils: 0.25% each of B-1, B-2, B-3 and 0.125% of B-4, were tried in the chicken sausages. Four different treatments along with control were then aerobically packaged and stored under refrigerated (4 ± 1 °C) conditions. An increase in pH and TBARS value was found to be significantly lower in the case of B-2 products. Significantly higher values for DPPH activity (% inhibition) and total phenolic content (µg/g) were also observed for B-2 products which indicated that B-2 products had better oxidative stability. Further, B-1 and B-2 products were observed with significantly lower microbial count; however, B-4 products received slightly higher sensory scores than B-2. It was found that B-1, 2 and 3 (each at 0.25%) and B-4 (0.125%) enhanced the shelf life of chicken sausages by 13–14 days, 16–17 days, 10–11 days and 6–7 days, respectively under refrigerated (4 ± 1 °C) storage.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a review of functional properties, mineral and vitamin binding properties of milk proteins and their fractions along with the influence of the succinylation upon the respective properties.
Abstract: The functionality of milk proteins is an important feature used in food industries. Milk proteins are effectively capable of binding divalent metal ions electrostatically. As well, the hydrophobic and hydrophilic domains present in milk proteins make them excellent modules for the site-specific delivery of various bioactive analytes. Apart from vital functional properties, solubility and stability of milk proteins is always a matter of concern. To achieve the potential functional properties and micronutrient binding ability succinylation of proteins gained candidature of interest. Succinylation of milk proteins improves cellular mineral absorption during simulated gastrointestinal and transwell assay, respectively. Succinylation of various types of milk protein concentrates results in improved functional properties and micronutrient binding abilities. In the present review, functional properties, mineral and vitamin binding properties of milk proteins and their fractions are represented in detail along with the influence of the succinylation upon the respective properties of milk proteins and their fractions.
TL;DR: The number of fire attacks a firefighter participated in was more strongly correlated with PAH concentrations than firefighter rank or years in the fire service, suggesting that quantitative data should be employed for firefighter exposure assessments, rather than surrogate measures.