National Health and Family Planning Commission

About: National Health and Family Planning Commission is a government organization based out in Beijing, China. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Kashin–Beck disease. The organization has 2379 authors who have published 1440 publications receiving 20078 citations. The organization is also known as: Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China.

HIV Incidence and Care Linkage among MSM First-Time-Testers in Shenyang, China 2012–2014

Abstract: HIV testing is the first step to the fulfillment of Treat as Prevention (TasP) and reaching the 90-90-90 goal in HIV control. However, there are still a large number of Men who have Sex with Men (MSM) have never been tested for HIV before, and little is known about the HIV incidence and care linkage among this population. A Mixed method was used to recruit MSM who had never tested for HIV before from January 2012 to December 2014 in Shenyang, China. Potential MSM participants were invited to attend the enrollment for HIV and syphilis testing at a general hospital-based voluntary counseling and test (VCT). HIV confirmed positive subjects were further tested by BED HIV-1 capture enzyme immunoassay (BED-CEIA) to determine the HIV incidence. Syphilis was screened by the rapid plasma reagent test (RPR) and confirmed by Treponema pallidum particle assay (TPPA). All the HIV positive subjects were referred to the local Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and clinics for HIV primary care and follow-ups. In total 646 HIV first-time-testers of MSM (FMSM) attended this study, 73.4% (474/646) were aged under 31-year-old and 57.3% (370/646) and used the Internet as their major cruising avenue for seeking male sexual partners. The average prevalence of HIV and current syphilis infection was 10.8% (70/646) and 11.0% (71/646), respectively. The HIV incidence was 10.3 (95% confidence interval [CI] 6.1–14.5)/100PY. Multivariate logistic analysis showed that factors such as use of the Internet as the major cruising avenue (adjusted OR [AOR] 2.7, 95% CI 0.9–7.6) and having a current syphilis infection (AOR 4.2, 95% CI 1.8–12.2) were independent correlates of a recent HIV infection. Of the 95 HIV screening test positive FMSM, 73.7% (70/95) returned and be confirmed positive, 92.9% (65/70) of confirmed patients were linked to care. Among those retained and underwent CD4+ T cell test, 76.3% (42/55) started HIV antiretroviral therapy. Among the unconfirmed, 84.0% (21/25) were non-local migrants. The HIV incidence of FMSM in Shenyang was high. Future HIV testing program needs to keep on expanding among the MSM who have never been tested for HIV yet. The Internet-based campaigns and syphilis testing and treatment could represent an opportunity to get access to this hard-to-reach population and link them to HIV care. Future linkage to HIV care of this population should underscore the usage of HIV rapid diagnostic tests to prevent lost at early steps of linkage.

Multiple myeloma hinders erythropoiesis and causes anaemia owing to high levels of CCL3 in the bone marrow microenvironment.

Abstract: Anaemia is the most common complication of myeloma and is associated with worse clinical outcomes. Although marrow replacement with myeloma cells is widely considered a mechanistic rationale for anaemia, the exact process has not been fully understood. Our large cohort of 1363 myeloma patients had more than 50% of patients with moderate or severe anaemia at the time of diagnosis. Anaemia positively correlated with myeloma cell infiltration in the bone marrow (BM) and worse patient outcomes. The quantity and erythroid differentiation of HSPCs were affected by myeloma cell infiltration in the BM. The master regulators of erythropoiesis, GATA1 and KLF1, were obviously downregulated in myeloma HSPCs. However, the gene encoding the chemokine CCL3 showed significantly upregulated expression. Elevated CCL3 in the BM plasma of myeloma further inhibited the erythropoiesis of HSPCs via activation of CCL3/CCR1/p38 signalling and suppressed GATA1 expression. Treatment with a CCR1 antagonist effectively recovered GATA1 expression and rescued erythropoiesis in HSPCs. Myeloma cell infiltration causes elevated expression of CCL3 in BM, which suppresses the erythropoiesis of HSPCs and results in anaemia by downregulating the level of GATA1 in HSPCs. Thus, our study indicates that targeting CCL3 would be a potential strategy against anaemia and improve the survival of myeloma patients.

Bicyclol Attenuates Liver Inflammation Induced by Infection of Hepatitis C Virus via Repressing ROS-Mediated Activation of MAPK/NF-κB Signaling Pathway.

Abstract: Treatment with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) cures most patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) in the real world. However, some patients, especially those with the underlying advanced liver disease, have a limited reduction of liver injury after achieving a sustained viral response (SVR). Bicyclol was widely used in clinics for the treatment of a variety of liver injuries but with an unknown mechanism for the treatment of hepatitis C. We investigated the anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms of bicyclol in HCV-infected hepatocytes and further confirmed the putative results in a mouse hepatitis model induced by the coinjection of polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly (I:C)] and D-galactosamine (D-GalN). The results showed that the activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and the subsequent increase of inflammatory factors were directly induced by HCV infection and were persistent after clearance of the virus in Huh7.5 cells. Bicyclol decreased the activation of NF-κB and the levels of inflammatory factors in HCV-infected hepatocytes by inhibiting the activation of the ROS-MAPK-NF-κB pathway, and the effect was synergistic with DAAs in HCV-infected hepatocytes. Bicyclol attenuated the ROS-MAPK-NF-κB axis via recovering mitochondrial function without a dependence on dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase and superoxide dismutases. The anti-inflammatory effects and mechanism of bicyclol were verified in mouse hepatitis induced by the coinjection of poly(I:C)/D-GalN. Bicyclol directly ameliorates the chronic inflammation caused by HCV infection and might be used with DAAs or after DAA therapy for ultimately curing chronic hepatitis C.

Histopathological features of sinonasal inverted papillomas in chinese patients.

Abstract: Objectives/hypothesis Nasal inverted papilloma (IP) is a benign tumor with high recurrence rates. Evidence of inflammation has been reported in IP in Caucasian studies. This study aimed to investigate the histopathological patterns and their associations with clinical characteristics in Chinese patients with IP. Study design Basic science study. Methods IP tissues were obtained from 50 Chinese patients with unilateral IPs. Biopsies of inferior turbinate mucosa from 17 healthy subjects were used as controls. The histological patterns and severity of epithelial remodeling and inflammatory cell infiltration were evaluated and analyzed for associations with clinical characteristics. Results Thirty-one percent of IP specimens were classified as grade I (mild remodeling) and 49% as grade II (moderate and severe remodeling). Concomitant inflammatory nasal polyps were found in 14 patients (28%). Recurrent IP was strongly associated with grade II (odds ratio: 5.81, 95% confidence interval: 1.34-25.18). Except CD4(+) T cells, quantities of neutrophils, macrophages, eosinophils, CD8(+) T cells, and FoxP3(+) T-reg cells were significantly elevated in IP. Of these, neutrophils were the predominant cell type in IP. Conclusions Inflammation may have potential roles in IPs and the higher grade of epithelial remodeling was associated with the recurrence of IPs. Level of evidence NA.