Institution
Public Health Research Institute
Healthcare•
About: Public Health Research Institute is a based out in . It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Randomized controlled trial. The organization has 4889 authors who have published 8149 publications receiving 276945 citations.
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86 citations
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TL;DR: It is demonstrated that macrophages/microglia act as HIV reservoirs and utilize a novel mechanism to prevent HIV-induced apoptosis, and it is suggested that Bim recruitment to mitochondria could be used as a biomarker of viral reservoirs in vivo.
Abstract: While HIV kills most of the cells it infects, a small number of infected cells survive and become latent viral reservoirs, posing a significant barrier to HIV eradication. However, the mechanism by which immune cells resist HIV-induced apoptosis is still incompletely understood. Here, we demonstrate that while acute HIV infection of human microglia/macrophages results in massive apoptosis, a small population of HIV-infected cells survive infection, silence viral replication, and can reactivate viral production upon specific treatments. We also found that HIV fusion inhibitors intended for use as antiretroviral therapies extended the survival of HIV-infected macrophages. Analysis of the pro- and anti-apoptotic pathways indicated no significant changes in Bcl-2, Mcl-1, Bak, Bax or caspase activation, suggesting that HIV blocks a very early step of apoptosis. Interestingly, Bim, a highly pro-apoptotic negative regulator of Bcl-2, was upregulated and recruited into the mitochondria in latently HIV-infected macrophages both in vitro and in vivo. Together, these results demonstrate that macrophages/microglia act as HIV reservoirs and utilize a novel mechanism to prevent HIV-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, they also suggest that Bim recruitment to mitochondria could be used as a biomarker of viral reservoirs in vivo.
86 citations
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TL;DR: It is demonstrated that Rok is a repressor of a family of genes that specify membrane-localized and secreted proteins, including a number of genes which encode products with antibiotic activity.
Abstract: Rok is a repressor of the transcriptional activator ComK and is therefore an important regulator of competence in Bacillus subtilis (T. T. Hoa, P. Tortosa, M. Albano, and D. Dubnau, Mol. Microbiol. 43:15-26, 2002). To address the wider role of Rok in the physiology of B. subtilis, we have used a combination of transcriptional profiling, gel shift experiments, and the analysis of lacZ fusions. We demonstrate that Rok is a repressor of a family of genes that specify membrane-localized and secreted proteins, including a number of genes that encode products with antibiotic activity. We present evidence for the recent introduction of rok into the B. subtilis-Bacillus licheniformis-Bacilllus amyloliquefaciens group by horizontal transmission.
86 citations
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TL;DR: A hypothesis is presented in which the difference in size between transforming and transducing DNA fragments is the most important factor determining the specificity difference between transformation and transduction in B. subtilis.
86 citations
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TL;DR: The comG operon of Bacillus subtilis encodes seven proteins essential for the binding of transforming DNA to the competent cell surface and the cellular localization of six of them were found to be membrane associated.
Abstract: The comG operon of Bacillus subtilis encodes seven proteins essential for the binding of transforming DNA to the competent cell surface. We have explored the processing of the ComG proteins and the cellular localization of six of them. All of the proteins were found to be membrane associated. The four proteins with N-terminal sequence motifs typical of type 4 pre-pilins (ComGC, GD, GE and GG) are processed by a pathway that requires the product of comC, also an essential competence gene. The unprocessed forms of ComGC and GD behave like integral membrane proteins. Pre-ComGG differs from pre-ComGC and pre-ComGD, in that it is accessible to proteolysis only from the cytoplasmic face of the membrane and at least a portion of it behaves like a peripheral membrane protein. The mature forms of these proteins are translocated to the outer face of the membrane and are liberated when peptidoglycan is hydrolysed by lysozyme or mutanolysin. ComGG exists in part as a disulphide-cross-linked homodimer in vivo. ComGC was found to possess an intramolecular disulphide bond. The previously identified homodimer form of this protein is not stabilized by disulphide bond formation. ComGF behaves as an integral membrane protein, while ComGA, a putative ATPase, is located on the inner face of the membrane as a peripheral membrane protein. Possible roles of the ComG proteins in DNA binding to the competent cell surface are discussed in the light of these and other results.
86 citations
Authors
Showing all 4916 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
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Dorret I. Boomsma | 176 | 1507 | 136353 |
Brenda W.J.H. Penninx | 170 | 1139 | 119082 |
Michael Snyder | 169 | 840 | 130225 |
Lex M. Bouter | 158 | 767 | 103034 |
David Eisenberg | 156 | 697 | 112460 |
Philip Scheltens | 140 | 1175 | 107312 |
Pim Cuijpers | 136 | 982 | 69370 |
Gonneke Willemsen | 129 | 575 | 76976 |
Britton Chance | 128 | 1112 | 76591 |
Coen D.A. Stehouwer | 122 | 970 | 59701 |
Peter J. Anderson | 120 | 966 | 63635 |
Jouke-Jan Hottenga | 120 | 389 | 63039 |
Eco J. C. de Geus | 119 | 522 | 61085 |
Johannes Brug | 109 | 620 | 44832 |
Paul Lips | 109 | 491 | 50403 |