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Public Health Research Institute
Healthcare•
About: Public Health Research Institute is a based out in . It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Randomized controlled trial. The organization has 4889 authors who have published 8149 publications receiving 276945 citations.
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1,092 citations
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TL;DR: Sequence analysis of two megabases in 26 structural genes or loci in strains recovered globally discovered a striking reduction of silent nucleotide substitutions compared with other human bacterial pathogens, indicating that M. tuberculosis is evolutionarily young and has recently spread globally.
Abstract: One-third of humans are infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis. Sequence analysis of two megabases in 26 structural genes or loci in strains recovered globally discovered a striking reduction of silent nucleotide substitutions compared with other human bacterial pathogens. The lack of neutral mutations in structural genes indicates that M. tuberculosis is evolutionarily young and has recently spread globally. Species diversity is largely caused by rapidly evolving insertion sequences, which means that mobile element movement is a fundamental process generating genomic variation in this pathogen. Three genetic groups of M. tuberculosis were identified based on two polymorphisms that occur at high frequency in the genes encoding catalase-peroxidase and the A subunit of gyrase. Group 1 organisms are evolutionarily old and allied with M. bovis, the cause of bovine tuberculosis. A subset of several distinct insertion sequence IS6110 subtypes of this genetic group have IS6110 integrated at the identical chromosomal insertion site, located between dnaA and dnaN in the region containing the origin of replication. Remarkably, study of ≈6,000 isolates from patients in Houston and the New York City area discovered that 47 of 48 relatively large case clusters were caused by genotypic group 1 and 2 but not group 3 organisms. The observation that the newly emergent group 3 organisms are associated with sporadic rather than clustered cases suggests that the pathogen is evolving toward a state of reduced transmissability or virulence.
1,072 citations
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TL;DR: It is shown that the cloned RNAIII determinant restores both positive and negative regulatory functions of agr to an agr‐null strain and that the RNA itself, rather than any protein, is the effector molecule.
Abstract: The production of most toxins and other exoproteins in Staphylococcus aureus is controlled globally by a complex polycistronic regulatory locus, agr. Secretory proteins are up-regulated by agr whereas surface proteins are down-regulated. agr contains two divergent promoters, one of which directs the synthesis of a 514 nucleotide (nt) transcript, RNAIII. In this report, we show that the cloned RNAIII determinant restores both positive and negative regulatory functions of agr to an agr-null strain and that the RNA itself, rather than any protein, is the effector molecule. RNAIII acts primarily on the initiation of transcription and, secondarily in some cases, at the level of translation. In these cases, translation and transcription are regulated independently. RNAIII probably regulates translation directly by interacting with target gene transcripts and transcription indirectly by means of intermediary protein factors.
1,048 citations
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Pasteur Institute1, New York State Department of Health2, Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp3, Innsbruck Medical University4, University of Zaragoza5, All India Institute of Medical Sciences6, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul7, International Trademark Association8, University of Malaya9, University of Düsseldorf10, University of Regensburg11, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón12, Laboratory of Molecular Biology13, Stellenbosch University14, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre15, Public Health Research Institute16, Padjadjaran University17, University of Łódź18, Semmelweis University19
TL;DR: The results suggests the existence of fine geographical genetic clines within MTC populations, that could mirror the passed and present Homo sapiens sapiens demographical and mycobacterial co-evolutionary history whose structure could be further reconstructed and modelled, thereby providing a large-scale conceptual framework of the global TB Epidemiologic Network.
Abstract: Background
The Direct Repeat locus of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) is a member of the CRISPR (Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) sequences family. Spoligotyping is the widely used PCR-based reverse-hybridization blotting technique that assays the genetic diversity of this locus and is useful both for clinical laboratory, molecular epidemiology, evolutionary and population genetics. It is easy, robust, cheap, and produces highly diverse portable numerical results, as the result of the combination of (1) Unique Events Polymorphism (UEP) (2) Insertion-Sequence-mediated genetic recombination. Genetic convergence, although rare, was also previously demonstrated. Three previous international spoligotype databases had partly revealed the global and local geographical structures of MTC bacilli populations, however, there was a need for the release of a new, more representative and extended, international spoligotyping database.
1,042 citations
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TL;DR: The COSMIN Risk of Bias checklist was developed exclusively for use in systematic reviews of PROMs to distinguish this application from other purposes of assessing the methodological quality of studies on measurement properties, such as guidance for designing or reporting a study on the measurement properties.
Abstract: The original COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) checklist was developed to assess the methodological quality of single studies on measurement properties of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs). Now it is our aim to adapt the COSMIN checklist and its four-point rating system into a version exclusively for use in systematic reviews of PROMs, aiming to assess risk of bias of studies on measurement properties. For each standard (i.e., a design requirement or preferred statistical method), it was discussed within the COSMIN steering committee if and how it should be adapted. The adapted checklist was pilot-tested to strengthen content validity in a systematic review on the quality of PROMs for patients with hand osteoarthritis. Most important changes were the reordering of the measurement properties to be assessed in a systematic review of PROMs; the deletion of standards that concerned reporting issues and standards that not necessarily lead to biased results; the integration of standards on general requirements for studies on item response theory with standards for specific measurement properties; the recommendation to the review team to specify hypotheses for construct validity and responsiveness in advance, and subsequently the removal of the standards about formulating hypotheses; and the change in the labels of the four-point rating system. The COSMIN Risk of Bias checklist was developed exclusively for use in systematic reviews of PROMs to distinguish this application from other purposes of assessing the methodological quality of studies on measurement properties, such as guidance for designing or reporting a study on the measurement properties.
1,038 citations
Authors
Showing all 4916 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
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Dorret I. Boomsma | 176 | 1507 | 136353 |
Brenda W.J.H. Penninx | 170 | 1139 | 119082 |
Michael Snyder | 169 | 840 | 130225 |
Lex M. Bouter | 158 | 767 | 103034 |
David Eisenberg | 156 | 697 | 112460 |
Philip Scheltens | 140 | 1175 | 107312 |
Pim Cuijpers | 136 | 982 | 69370 |
Gonneke Willemsen | 129 | 575 | 76976 |
Britton Chance | 128 | 1112 | 76591 |
Coen D.A. Stehouwer | 122 | 970 | 59701 |
Peter J. Anderson | 120 | 966 | 63635 |
Jouke-Jan Hottenga | 120 | 389 | 63039 |
Eco J. C. de Geus | 119 | 522 | 61085 |
Johannes Brug | 109 | 620 | 44832 |
Paul Lips | 109 | 491 | 50403 |