Showing papers by "Purdue University published in 1985"

Ethics and the Limits of Philosophy

Abstract: Foreword to The Routledge Classics Edition Preface 1. Socrates' Question 2.The Archimedian Point 3. Foundations: Well-Being 4. Foundations: Practical Reason 5. Styles of Ethical Theory 6. Theory and Prejudice 7. The Linguistic Turn 8. Knowledge, Science, Convergence 9. Relativism and Reflection 10. Morality. The Peculiar Institution Postcript Commentary on the Text by A. W. Moore Notes Index

Structure of a human common cold virus and functional relationship to other picornaviruses

Abstract: We report the first atomic resolution structure of an animal virus, human rhinovirus 14. It is strikingly similar to known icosahedral plant RNA viruses. Four neutralizing immunogenic regions have been identified. These, and corresponding antigenic sequences of polio and foot-and-mouth disease viruses, reside on external protrusions. A large cleft on each icosahedral face is probably the host cell receptor binding site.

RCS—a system for version control

Abstract: An important problem in program development and maintenance is version con- trol, i.e., the task of keeping a software system consisting of many versions and configurations well organized. The Revision Control System (RCS) is a software tool that assists with that task. RCS manages revisions of text documents, in particular source programs, documentation, and test data. It automates the storing, retrieval, log- ging and identification of revisions, and it provides selection mechanisms for composing configurations. This paper introduces basic version control concepts and discusses the practice of version control using RCS. For conserving space, RCS stores deltas, i.e., differences between successive revisions. Several delta storage methods are discussed. Usage statistics show that RCS's delta storage method is space and time efficient. The paper concludes with a detailed survey of version control tools.

Sex and Gender

Abstract: L'auteur fait le point sur les recherches concernant les comparaisons sexuelles (aptitudes cognitives, personnalite, comportements sociaux) et les systemes d'attitudes a l'egard du genre. Les facteurs de contexte socio-culturel sont examines

Temperature and size dependence for Monte Carlo simulations of TIP4P water

Abstract: A series of Monte Carlo simulations has been carried out to characterize the temperature and size dependence of the results for liquid water using the TIP4P potential function. Five temperatures from -25 to 100°C and four system sizes from 64 to 512 molecules have been studied. Comparisons are made with experimental thermodynamic and structural data as well as results of prior simulations.

High degree efficient symmetrical Gaussian quadrature rules for the triangle

Abstract: Gaussian quadrature is required for the computation of matrices based on the isoparametric formulztion of the finite element method. A brief review of existing quadrature rules for the triangle is given, and the method for the determination of high degree efficient symmetrical rules for the triangle is discussed. New quadrature rules of degree 12–20 are presented, and a short FORTRAN program is included.

Spectroscopy simulation and scattering, and the medium range order problem in glass

Abstract: Consideration is given to phenomena which we believe to be controlled by the fluctuations in the poorly understood intermediate range order in liquids and glasses. These include structural relaxation, crystal nucleation and incipient liquid-liquid phase separation. Techniques which show promise for investigating the intermediate range order are considered, and predictable or conceivable developments in these techniques which may, by the year 2004 (N.J. Kreidl's 100th), greatly increase or even revolutionize our knowledge of the intermediate range order, are discussed. These include difference spectroscopy, difference scattering, and computer simulation techniques. Finally, we consider possible developments in system preparation or system manipulation techniques which may lead to new insights into relations between physical properties and intermediate range order. An example of special interest is the preparation of noncommunicating microsystems of the same size as the clusters which many believe are the building blocks of the glassy state.

Host life-history variation in response to parasitism

Abstract: Over half of all living species of plants and animals are parasitic, which by definition involves intimate association with and unfavourable impact on hosts (Price, 1980). This paper will only consider parasites whose ‘unfavourable impact’ adversely affects the birth and/or mortality rates of their hosts (Anderson, 1978). Most organisms are potential hosts and must deal with the problem of parasitism. The probability of parasitic infection of a host is influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. Traditionally it was assumed that a host was either resistant or susceptible to a particular parasite and therefore the interaction between a parasite and potential host had only two possible outcomes: either the resistant host rebuffed the parasitic attack and remained uninfected or the parasite successfully invaded and significantly reduced the reproductive success of the susceptible host. This approach, however, ignored the intraspecific genetic variation present within both host and parasite populations (Wakelin, 1978). Since the outcome is determined by the interaction of a finite set of host genes and parasite genes, genetic variation in host susceptibility and parasite infectivity (Richards, 1976; Wakelin, 1978) suggests that more than two outcomes are possible. Variation in host and parasite genomes does not begin and end at the susceptibility/infectivity loci. Other genes may also influence the outcome of host–parasite interactions by altering the life-history patterns of hosts and parasites, and lead to a variety of outcomes.

Interconnection networks for large-scale parallel processing: theory and case studies (2nd ed.)

Abstract: Parallel computer systems are being used to forecast the weather, make maps, simulate chemical reactions, control air traffic, guide missiles, provide robots with vision, and manage ballistic missile defense. A major problem in designing large-scale parallel systems is the construction of an interconnection network to provide interprocessor communications. This book presents the theoretical basis and a number of case studies that demonstrate how this work is done. This revision includes the most recent research in the field.

An evaluation of subjective well-being measures

Abstract: A number of subjective well-being scales were compared and evaluated. The Satisfaction With Life Scale emerged as a good measure of general life satisfaction and the Affective Intensity Measure appeared to adequately assess the characteristic level of emotional intensity. Most other scales seemed to reflect both life satisfaction and duration of positive versus negative affect. Of the single item measures, those created by Fordyce were the strongest, whereas for the multi-item scales, several performed at adequate levels. The widely used Bradburn scales showed several undesirable psychometric properties and alternative scales are suggested.

Data Structures for On-Line Updating of Minimum Spanning Trees, with Applications

Abstract: Data structures are presented for the problem of maintaining a minimum spanning tree on-line under the operation of updating the cost of some edge in the graph. For the case of a general graph, mai...

Skill and automaticity: Relations, implications, and future directions.

Abstract: Automaticity and skill are closely related but are not identical. Automatic processes are components of skill, but skill is more than the sum of the automatic components. Automaticity and skill are similar in that both are learned through practice; this has implications for (1) current studies of the co-occurrence of properties of automaticity, (2) the relation between multiple resources and automaticity, and (3) the relation between control and automaticity. Many of the issues in automaticity may be resolved or at least revised by considering the role that automatic processes play in performing a skill. RESUME L'automatismeet l'habiletesont relies mais non identiques. Les processus automatiques sont les composantes d'une habilite, mais celle-ci est plus que la somme de ses composantes automatiques. L'automatisme et l'habilete sont similaires en ce sens qu'ils sont tous deux appris par la pratique. Ceci a des implications sur (1) les etudes actuelles sur la co-occurrence des proprietes de Tautomatisme, (2) la relation entre les ressources multiples et l'automatisme et (3) la relation entre le controle et l'automatisme. Plusieurs des questions portant sur l'automatisme pourraient trouver leur reponse ou du moins etre reformulees par l'examen du role que jouent les processus automatiques dans l'exercice d'une habilete. Psychologists have believed there is a strong relation between automaticity and skill since the last century. Bryan and Harter (1899) argued that automaticity was a necessary component of skill, that higher-level aspects of skill could not be acquired until lower level aspects had become automatized. LaBerge and Samuels (1974) echoed Bryan and Hatter's position, arguing that there was not enough attentional capacity to consider higher-level aspects of skill until lower-level aspects had become automatized, thereby freeing attentional capacity for the higher-level aspects. Other researchers may not accept the idea that attentional capacity limits the acquisition of skill (e.g., Spelke, Hirst, & Neisser, 1976) or that automatization should be defined as a reduction in capacity demands (e.g., Kolers, 1975), but most would agree that automatization is an important aspect of skill. The close relation between automaticity and skill raises several questions: Are automaticity and skill the same thing? Is there anything to skill besides automaticity? What does a skills perspective imply for studies of automaticity? The purpose of this article is to suggest possible answers to these questions. * This research was supported by Grant No. U0053 from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. Address reprint requests to Gordon D. Logan, Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, U.S.A.

The role of hemoglobin denaturation and band 3 clustering in red blood cell aging

Abstract: As hemoglobin begins to denature, it forms hemichromes that cross-link the major erythrocyte membrane-spanning protein, band 3, into clusters. These clusters provide the recognition site for antibodies directed against senescent cells. These antibodies bind to the aged red cell and trigger its removal from circulation.

Production of 'hybrid' antibiotics by genetic engineering.

Abstract: The recent development of molecular cloning systems in Streptomyces has made possible the isolation of biosynthetic genes for some of the many antibiotics produced by members of this important genus of bacteria. Such clones can now be used to test the idea that novel antibiotics could arise through the transfer of biosynthetic genes between streptomycetes producing different antibiotics. The likelihood of a 'hybrid' compound being produced must depend on the substrate specificities of the biosynthetic enzymes, about which little is known. In attempts to demonstrate hybrid antibiotic production, we therefore began with strains producing different members of the same chemical class of compounds in order to maximize the chance of success. Here we report the production of novel compounds by gene transfer between strains producing the isochromanequinone antibiotics actinorhodin, granaticin and medermycin. These experiments were made possible by the recent cloning of the whole set of genes for the biosynthetic pathway of actinorhodin from Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) (ref. 8). We believe that this represents the first report of the production of hybrid antibiotics by genetic engineering.

The Myriad Virtues of Subword Trees

Abstract: Several nontrivial applications of subword trees have been developed since their first appearance. Some such applications depart considerably from the original motivations. A brief account of them is attempted here.

A covariance control theory

Abstract: There is much theory for the use of covariance matrices in both identification and in state estimation. However, there exists no theory for the control of covariances. The need for a theory of covariance control may be argued from two points: 1) Many engineering systems have performance requirements which are naturally stated in terms of root-mean-square (RMS) values of the system states or outputs and 2) the various theories of identification, estimation, and model reduction use covariances as a measure of performance. Hence a theory on covariance control may help unify the modeling and control problem. This paper introduces a theory for designing linear feedback controllers so that the closed loop system achieves a specified state covariance.

Use of Statical Indentation Laws in the Impact Analysis of Laminated Composite Plates

Abstract: The low-velocity impact response of graphite/epoxy laminates was investigated theoretically and experimentally. A nine-node isoparametric plate finite element in conjunction with an empirical contact law was used for the theoretical investigation. Theoretical results are in good agreement with strain-gage experimental data. The results of the investigation indicate that the present theoretical procedure describes the impact response of laminate for low-impact velocities.

Colocalization of band 3 with ankyrin and spectrin at the basal membrane of intercalated cells in the rat kidney

Abstract: An immunoreactive form of the anion channel protein of erythrocytes, band 3, has been identified in the rat kidney. It is found in the intercalated cells of the distal tubule and collecting ducts. Immunostaining specific for band 3 is confined to the basolateral plasma membrane of these cells, where this protein probably mediates the transport of bicarbonate across the tubular wall. Double-immunolabeling studies demonstrate that band 3 is colocalized with immunoreactive forms of ankyrin and spectrin along the basolateral plasma membrane. The polarized distribution of band 3 may be the result of the association of its cytoplasmic domain with ankyrin, which in turn links band 3 to spectrin and the cytoskeleton. These observations help to explain how the collecting ducts of the kidney can direct the transport of bicarbonate ions, thus maintaining the acid-base balance.