SRM University

About: SRM University is a education organization based out in Chennai, India. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Computer science & Population. The organization has 10787 authors who have published 11704 publications receiving 103767 citations. The organization is also known as: Sri Ramaswamy Memorial University.

MicroRNA-590-5p Stabilizes Runx2 by Targeting Smad7 During Osteoblast Differentiation

Abstract: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells and their differentiation into the osteoblastic lineage is strictly controlled by several regulators, including microRNAs (miRNAs). Runx2 is a bone transcription factor required for osteoblast differentiation. Here, we used in silico analysis to identify a number of miRNAs that putatively target Runx2 and its co-factors to mediate both positive and negative regulation of osteoblast differentiation. Among these miRNAs, miR-590-5p was selected and its expression was found to be increased during osteoblast differentiation. When mouse MSCs (mMSCs) were transiently transfected with a miR-590-5p mimic, we detected an increase in both calcium deposition and the mRNA expression of osteoblast differentiation marker genes such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and type I collagen genes. Smad7 was found to be among the putative target genes of miR-590-5p and its mRNA and protein expression decreased after miR-590-5p mimic transfection in human osteoblast-like cells (MG63). Our analysis indicated that Runx2 was not a putative target of miR-590-5p. However, Runx2 protein, but not mRNA expression, increased after miR-590-5p mimic transfection in MG63 cells. Runx2 protein expression was increased with knockdown of Smad7 expression by Smad7 siRNA in these cells. We further identified that the 3'-untranslated region of Smad7 was directly targeted by miR-590-5p; this was done using the luciferase reporter gene system. It is known that Smad7 inhibits osteoblast differentiation via Smurf2-mediated Runx2 degradation. Hence, based on our results, we suggest that miR-590-5p promotes osteoblast differentiation by indirectly protecting and stabilizing the Runx2 protein by targeting Smad7 gene expression. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 371-380, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Association of NF-E2 Related Factor 2 (Nrf2) and inflammatory cytokines in recent onset Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract: We investigated the association of redox regulator Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and inflammatory cytokines as well as clinical remission in patients with recent onset type 2 diabetes (DM). Blood was collected from 180 DM patients (105 males/75 females) and 150 control subjects (86 males/64 females). Blood glucose, HbA1c, lipid profile and Nrf2 levels were determined along with circulatory cytokines in study subjects. The data were adjusted with confounding factors such as age and sex using multiple logistic regression analysis. We found that Th1/Th2 and oxidative stress markers were significantly elevated, whereas Nrf2 and its downstream targets were decreased in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of DM subjects when compared with control. The circulatory levels of Nrf2 showed a positive correlation with Th2 cytokines and negative correlation to Th1 cytokines. Further, the impaired insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells observed due to cytokine stress has been restored by activation of Nrf2 as assessed by glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). This study identifies Nrf2 plays a central role in skewing Th1 and Th2 dominance in the progression of diabetes.

Antioxidant and functional properties of protein hydrolysates from pink perch (Nemipterus japonicus) muscle

Abstract: Functional properties and antioxidant activity of pink perch (Nemipterus japonicus) muscle hydrolysed by three different enzymes papain, pepsin and trypsin were studied. The protein hydrolysates produced by trypsin had an excellent solubility (98%) compared to pepsin (77%) and papain hydrolysate (74%). Conversely, the emulsifying activity index (ESI) and foaming abilities were affected by pH. DPPH radical scavenging ability, reducing power and metal chelating activity of protein hydrolysates increased with increase in concentration. Lipid peroxidation was strongly inhibited by 64% by protein hydrolysates produced by trypsin. The results revealed that the functional properties and antioxidant activities of pink perch were greatly affected by the enzymes used.