SRM University

About: SRM University is a education organization based out in Chennai, India. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Computer science & Population. The organization has 10787 authors who have published 11704 publications receiving 103767 citations. The organization is also known as: Sri Ramaswamy Memorial University.

The multifaceted role of exosomes in cancer progression: diagnostic and therapeutic implications [corrected].

Abstract: Recent advances in cancer biology have highlighted the relevance of exosomes and nanovesicles as carriers of genetic and biological messages between cancer cells and their immediate and/or distant environments. It has been found that these molecular cues may play significant roles in cancer progression and metastasis. Cancer cells secrete exosomes containing diverse molecules that can be transferred to recipient cells and/or vice versa to induce a plethora of biological processes, including angiogenesis, metastasis formation, therapeutic resistance, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and epigenetic/stemness (re)programming. While exosomes interact with cells within the tumour microenvironment to promote tumour growth, these vesicles can also facilitate the process of distant metastasis by mediating the formation of pre-metastatic niches. Next to their tumour promoting effects, exosomes have been found to serve as potential tools for cancer diagnosis and therapy. The ease of isolating exosomes and their content from different body fluids has led to the identification of diagnostic and prognostic biomarker signatures, as well as to predictive biomarker signatures for therapeutic responses. Exosomes can also be used as cargos to deliver therapeutic anti-cancer drugs, and they can be engineered to serve as vaccines for immunotherapy. Additionally, it has been found that inhibition of exosome secretion, and thus the transfer of oncogenic molecules, holds promise for inhibiting tumour growth. Here we provide recent information on the diverse roles of exosomes in various cellular and systemic processes governing cancer progression, and discuss novel strategies to halt this progression using exosome-based targeted therapies and methods to inhibit exosome secretion and the transfer of pro-tumorigenic molecules. This review highlights the important role of exosomes in cancer progression and its implications for (non-invasive) diagnostics and the development of novel therapeutic strategies, as well as its current and future applications in clinical trials.

Defects Engineered MoO2 Nanostructures as an Efficient Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Evolution Reaction

Abstract: This article presents the experimental and theoretical insights on the defect engineered MoO2 nanostructures in terms of oxygen vacancy and OH− occupancy towards the oxygen evolution reaction (OER)...

Enhanced activity and durability for the electroreduction of oxygen at a chemically ordered intermetallic PtFeCo catalyst

Abstract: We have designed a chemically ordered face-centred tetragonal intermetallic PtFeCo (trimetallic) (fct-TM) alloy catalyst using a simple solid-state impregnation method for the oxygen–reduction reaction (ORR) in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). The fct-TM catalyst has demonstrated both enhanced activity and durability, unlike many Pt alloys. The chemical ordering of the fct-TM was verified by high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy. The ORR activity of fct-TM was examined using the rotating-disk electrode (RDE) technique and the results are compared with those for a chemically disordered face-centred cubic (fcc), fcc-TM catalyst, and a commercial catalyst from Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo, TKK-PtC. The fct-TM displayed superior catalytic (mass) activity relative to disordered fcc-TM and TKK-PtC. The mass activity of fct-TM (0.505 A mgPt−1) is 2.5 times higher than that of TKK-PtC (0.23 A mgPt−1). The durability of these catalysts was evaluated over 5000 (5k) potential cycles in the lifetime regime. The fct-TM retained 80% of its initial mass activity and electrochemically active surface area (ECSA); however, fcc-TM and TKK-PtC maintained about 50% and 70% activity, respectively. The fct-TM also retained the chemically ordered structure after 5k durability cycles. This was confirmed using selected-area electron-diffraction (SAED) patterns. Furthermore, scanning transmission electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (STEM-EDX) line scans of the fct-TM catalysts after 5k durability cycles revealed that Fe and Co were found similar to as before cycling, which signifies that the dissolution of Fe and Co was impeded by the fct-TM catalysts. The observed enhancement in durability might be due to the ordered arrangement of Pt and Fe/Co within the alloy.