Showing papers by "State University of Santa Cruz published in 2004"
TL;DR: The identification of a new class of cassava with a storage root showing unusual free sugar accumulation and novel starch and the pattern of distribution of sugar and starch content showed to be related to tissue age in the storage root.
Abstract: This study reports the identification of a new class of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) with a storage root showing unusual free sugar accumulation and novel starch. Twenty-seven clones high in free sugar were identified under cultivation in primitive rural community areas in the Amazon. Iodine test and glucose oxidase–peroxidase reagent strips were used, in the field, for identification of starch and glucose, respectively. Five out of these 27 clones of cassava were cultivated at EMBRAPA Genetic Resources and Biotechnology and used for biochemical characterization, starch synthesis enzyme activities and gene expression analysis. Carbohydrates were fractioned into free sugar, polymerized water-soluble and -insoluble α-polyglucan. Clones of series CAS36 accumulate over 100 times more free sugar (mainly glucose) than commercial varieties. Monosaccharide composition analysis revealed one clone with distinct water-soluble sugars not present in the commercial cultivar. Structure analysis of the water-soluble and -insoluble α-polyglucan revealed the presence of a glycogen-like starch in clone CAS36.1. This clone indicated disruption in the starch synthesis pathway for enzyme activities and protein blot analyses in ADPG-pyrophosphorylase and branching enzyme, and their corresponding protein. Gene expression analysis indicated the lack of transcript for the gene coding for branching enzyme, but not for the gene coding for the ADPG-pyrophosphorylase small subunit. In addition, the pattern of distribution of sugar and starch content showed to be related to tissue age in the storage root.
58 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, secondary ion mass spectrometers (SIMS) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrameters (ICP-MS) were used to localize chromium in Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms.
45 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the feasibility of fruit production in the North area of Rio de Janeiro State was analyzed using the Monte Carlo method, and the results show that fruit production can be a good alternative to the region.
Abstract: The purpose of the research was to determine, through the calculation of net present value and internal return rate, the viability of fruit production in the North area of Rio de Janeiro State, as well as to identify, using the Monte Carlo Method, the risk of each activity. The results show that fruit production can be a good alternative to the region. All the analyzed activities presented satisfactory profitability, and the highest internal return rates found for passion fruit, soursop, pineapple and sugar apple. The variable with greatest effect on profitability was the product sale price, and equally important were labor cost, price of fertilizers and cost of irrigation equipment. Pineapple, cocoanut, sugar apple, passion fruit and soursop practically offered no economic risks, while the greatest risks were presented by mango and guava.
43 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the influence of reservoir heterogeneity upon the magnitude of the stresses induced in the porous matrix during fluid withdrawal and rock consolidation is analyzed by performing ensemble averages over realizations of a log-normally distributed stationary random hydraulic conductivity field.
Abstract: The compaction of highly heterogeneous poroelastic reservoirs with the geology characterized by long-range correlations displaying fractal character is investigated within the framework of the stochastic computational modelling. The influence of reservoir heterogeneity upon the magnitude of the stresses induced in the porous matrix during fluid withdrawal and rock consolidation is analysed by performing ensemble averages over realizations of a log-normally distributed stationary random hydraulic conductivity field. Considering the statistical distribution of this parameter characterized by a coefficient of variation governing the magnitude of heterogeneity and a correlation function which decays with a power-law scaling behaviour we show that the combination of these two effects result in an increase in the magnitude of effective stresses of the rock during reservoir depletion. Further, within the framework of a perturbation analysis we show that the randomness in the hydraulic conductivity gives rise to non-linear corrections in the upscaled poroelastic equations. These corrections are illustrated by a self-consistent recursive hierarchy of solutions of the stochastic poroelastic equations parametrized by a scale parameter representing the fluctuating log-conductivity standard deviation. A classical example of land subsidence caused by fluid extraction of a weak reservoir is numerically simulated by performing Monte Carlo simulations in conjunction with finite elements discretizations of the poroelastic equations associated with an ensemble of geologies. Numerical results illustrate the effects of the spatial variability and fractal character of the permeability distribution upon the evolution of the Mohr–Coulomb function of the rock. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
36 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors obtained high spectral resolution (R = 45,900) Fabry-Perot velocity maps of the Hickson compact group HCG 31 in order to revisit the important problem of the merger nature of the central object A+C and derive the internal kinematics of the candidate tidal dwarf galaxies in this group.
Abstract: We have obtained high spectral resolution (R = 45,900) Fabry-Perot velocity maps of the Hickson compact group HCG 31 in order to revisit the important problem of the merger nature of the central object A+C and to derive the internal kinematics of the candidate tidal dwarf galaxies in this group. Our main findings are as follows: (1) double kinematic components are present throughout the main body of A+C, which strongly suggests that this complex is an ongoing merger; (2) regions A2 and E, to the east and south of complex A+C, present rotation patterns with velocity amplitudes of ~25 km s-1, and they counterrotate with respect to A+C; and (3) region F, which was previously thought to be the best example of a tidal dwarf galaxy in HCG 31, presents no rotation and negligible internal velocity dispersion, as is also the case for region A1. HCG 31 presents an undergoing merger in its center (A+C), and it is likely that it has suffered additional perturbations due to interactions with the nearby galaxies B, G, and Q.
30 citations
TL;DR: It was shown that captive-born capybaras behave differently during periods when humans are present in their enclosures than do wild caught capy baras, and it was hypothesize that the caretaker continued to represent a threat to wild-caught animals, in spite of their having been maintained in captivity for 2 years.
23 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a protocol that permits the generation of a subtle superposition with 2 l+1 displaced number states on a circle in phase space as target state for the center-of-mass motion of a trapped ion.
Abstract: We present a protocol that permits the generation of a subtle superposition with 2 l+1 displaced number states on a circle in phase space as target state for the center-of-mass motion of a trapped ion. Through a sequence of l cycles involving the application of laser pulses and no-fluorescence measurements, explicit expressions for the total duration of laser pulses employed in the sequence and probability of getting the ion in the upper electronic state during the l cycles are obtained and analyzed in detail. Furthermore, assuming that the effective relaxation process of a trapped ion can be described in the framework of the standard master equation for the damped harmonic oscillator, we investigate the degradation of the quantum interference effects inherent to superpositions via Wigner function.
23 citations
TL;DR: It was concluded that, due to their apterism, some ants can only act as casual pollinators on certain varieties of auto-pollinating coconut trees, while bees may be considered good pollinators of the tree.
Abstract: O coqueiro, Cocos nucifera L. (Arecaceae), e um importante cultivo do nordeste brasileiro. E uma planta principalmente anemofila, porem numerosos insetos visitam suas inflorescencias, nas diversas fases do florescimento e formacao dos frutos, podendo interferir no processo de polinizacao. Ha carencia de estudos para verificar e determinar a eficiencia desses artropodos como polinizadores. Em coqueiros cultivados perto do litoral da Bahia, avaliou-se a capacidade de diferentes himenopteros (formigas e abelhas) de transportarem polen no corpo, a fim de verificar sua contribuicao para a polinizacao. Observou-se transporte significativo de polen pelos dois grupos de insetos, sendo as abelhas perfeitamente aptas para polinizar a planta. Entre estas, especies dos generos Trigona e Plebeia tiveram maior capacidade de carreamento de polen que Apis mellifera L., apesar de esta ser observada com maior frequencia. As formigas sao capazes de carregar menor quantidade de polen e contribuir so casualmente para a polinizacao. Especies dos generos Ectatomma, Monomorium, Camponotus e Pseudomyrmex mostram melhor aptidao ao carreamento de polen. Conclui-se que, devido a seu apterismo, algumas formigas podem atuar como polinizadores casuais somente em variedades de coqueiros autopolinizaveis, enquanto as abelhas estudadas podem ser consideradas boas polinizadoras do coqueiro. Sugere-se que abelhas nativas sejam preservadas para auxiliar na polinizacao, pelo menos em areas onde a anemofilia do coqueiro e comprometida, como no caso de plantas isoladas ou espacadas e em areas isoladas do vento.
22 citations
TL;DR: This paper is the first to describe the use of acetonitrile as the sole carbon and nitrogen source by a yeast.
21 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, Correlogram analysis was used to examine spatial recruitment and mortality patterns of Aspidosperma polyneuron, an emergent tree species, at Reserva Municipal de Santa Genebra (SG), a forest fragment in southeast Brazil.
Abstract: Description of the spatial structure of vegetation is the first step in generating hypotheses regarding underlying processes. It is also important to take into account variation in spatial structure between different localities to be able to distinguish between life history traits and the influence of environment on population processes. Correlogram analysis was used to examine spatial recruitment and mortality patterns of Aspidosperma polyneuron, an emergent tree species, at Reserva Municipal de Santa Genebra (SG), a forest fragment in southeast Brazil. The spatial structure of individuals was compared with two areas with similar physiognomy, one in the same forest and another at Mata do Ribeirao Cachoeira (RC), a semi-deciduous forest located ca. 14 km away. Seedling, sapling and adult mortality occurred in clumps, while seedling recruitment occurred mostly in one region of the area. The spatial pattern varied among the three study areas, and the differences were higher between fragments than w...
19 citations
TL;DR: A series of 2-aryl and 2-hetero-aryl-substituted 3,5-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinones (compounds 27−36) have been synthesized by cross-coupling of (2,3,4,6-tetramethoxyphenyl)boronic acid with aromatic bromides or iodides in the presence of [Pd0(Ph3)4] and Na2CO3, followed by AgO-promoted oxidation of the resulting biaryl compounds 17−
Abstract: A series of 2-aryl- and 2-heteroaryl-substituted 3,5-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinones (compounds 27–36) have been synthesized by cross-coupling of (2,3,4,6-tetramethoxyphenyl)boronic acid (2) with aromatic bromides or iodides in the presence of [Pd0(Ph3)4] and Na2CO3, followed by AgO-promoted oxidation of the resulting biaryl compounds 17–26.
01 Jan 2004
TL;DR: It was observed that the eggs and the 1st instar larvae are hyaline and hymenopteriform; 2nd, 3rd and 4th instars larvae are whitish and 12-segmented and the host species did not influence the number of instars.
Abstract: Palmistichus elaeisis Delvare & LaSalle, 1993 e um endoparasitoide coletado de pupas de Sabulodes sp. (Lepidoptera, Geometridae). Os estagios imaturos deste parasitoide foram estudados em laboratorio (25 ± 1oC; 70 ± 10% UR; fotofase 14 h) em pupas dos seguintes lepidopteros: Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius, 1794) (Crambidae), Anticarsia gemmatalis Hubner, 1818, Heliothis virescens (Fabricius, 1781), Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith, 1797) (Noctuidae) e Thyrinteina arnobia (Stoll, 1782) (Geometridae). Observou-se que os ovos e as larvas de 1o instar sao hialinas e himenopteriformes; as larvas dos 2o, 3o e 4o instares sao esbranquicadas e 12 segmentadas. A especie de hospedeiro nao influenciou o numero de instares.
TL;DR: The thermal requirements of Palmistichus elaeisis Delvare & LaSalle, 1993 were determined by rearing this pupal parasitoid in the following lepidopteran hosts and results suggest that P. elaeISis can be reared in laboratory on all the hosts tested.
Abstract: The thermal requirements of Palmistichus elaeisis Delvare & LaSalle, 1993 were determined by rearing this pupal parasitoid in the following lepidopteran hosts: Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius, 1794) (Crambidae), Anticarsia gemmatalis (Hubner, 1818), Heliothis virescens (Fabricius, 1777), Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith, 1797) (Noctuidae) and Thyrinteina arnobia (Stoll, 1782) (Geometridae). The experiment was set in laboratory conditions (temperatures between 18oC and 30oC, RH=70 ± 10% and 14-hour photoperiod). The life cycle (egg-adult) ranged from 40.4 ± 0.63 days (18oC, H. virescens) to 18.1 ± 0.13 days (28oC, D. saccharalis). The thermal constant of the egg-adult period ranged from 353.1 (D. saccharalis) to 407.7 degree-days (S. frugiperda). The lowest thermal threshold ranged from 5.0oC (A. gemmatalis) to 7.5oC (D. saccharalis). At 30oC, all prepupae died. These results suggest that P. elaeisis can be reared in laboratory on all the hosts tested.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors applied the effective liquid drop model to predict the alpha-decay, cluster emission and cold fission half-life values of nuclei in the region of superheavy elements (SHE).
Abstract: We applied the effective liquid drop model to predict the alpha-decay, cluster emission and cold fission half-life values of nuclei in the region of superheavy elements (SHE). The present calculations have been made in the region of the ZN plane defined by 155 ≤ N ≤ 220 and 110 ≤ Z ≤ 135. Shell effects are included via the Q-value of the corresponding decay case. We report the results of a systematic calculation of the half-life for the three nuclear decay modes in a region of the ZN plane where superheavy elements are expected to be found. Results have shown that, among the decay modes investigated here, the alpha decay is the dominant one, i.e. the decay mode of smallest half-lives. Half-life predictions for alpha-decay, cluster emission and cold fission for the isotopic family of the most recent SHE detected of Z = 115 and for the isotopic family of the already consolidated SHE of Z = 111 are presented.
TL;DR: Evidence is provided that the generation of the AR variant could result from factors present in the ip environment leading to an increase in the number of Walker 256 MHC class I positive tumor cells, probably due to immune selection of MHCclass I negative tumor cells.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluated the enzymatic activity of the trypsin in the intestinal content of the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana Shaw, 1802), 320 animals with average weight of 3.6 grams were distributed in stall-test with temperature and photoperiod controlled.
Abstract: With the objective of evaluating the enzymatic activity of the trypsin in the intestinal content of the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana Shaw, 1802), 320 animals with average weight of 3.6 grams were distributed in stall-test with temperature and photoperiod controlled. The frogs selected in the post-metamorphic phase were fed commercial extruded diet ad libitum. For 87 days of experiment, 29 collections were performed at intervals varying from one to eight days. The collections of the intestinal content were performed by the desensitization of the frogs in ice and water and subsequent isolation of the small intestine of the same ones. After each collection, all material was frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored in freezer to be later liofilizated. The determination of the activity of the trypsin was accomplished being used benzoil-D, L-arginine p-nitroanilide (D, L-BApNA) as substrate. The activity of the trypsin was registered in the first day of experiment, and the initial phase is marked by the increase of the activity of the trypsin to reach a stability when the animals were still in the imago phase. In the subsequent period until the end of the experiment, it was observed the maintenance of the stability of the activity and specific activity of the trypsin. It can be concluded that bullfrog shows capacity for digestion of protein feedstuff, and in the initial phase the use of diet rich in protein is recommended.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: It can be concluded that even in critical areas such as surgical centers, an adequate management of wastes using separation in the place of origin would avoid that the little amount of biological materials turn all wastes into hazardous material.
Abstract: This paper analyzes and discusses the inner management of waste produced in surgical centers and their physical characteristics, at two large general hospital plants. A qualitative evaluation was performed through technical inspections, identifying and classifying different types of waste generated in the surgical centers. Wastes observed were basically biological, since they are not separated in the place of origin. In order to classify their quantitative composition, all wastes produced during two periods of fourteen days, each one, were handled. A great amount of paper and plastics (62%), and a direct relationship between the amount of solid wastes and number of surgeries were found. It can be concluded that even in critical areas such as surgical centers, an adequate management of wastes using separation in the place of origin would avoid that the little amount of biological materials (11%) turn all wastes into hazardous material
TL;DR: Results confirmam that caes representam um importante reservatorio de sorotipos exoticos de Salmonella e that ocorre padroes diferentes de sensibilidade a antibioticos entre eles.
Abstract: Fecal samples from dogs residing in areas of poor living conditions in Ilheus city / BA were examined for Salmonella spp from June 2001 to April 2002. Eighteen (9.47%) of 190 animals were found to be positive. 66.6% of those samples were taken from one year old puppies, 56% of the positive animals were fed by table scrap, 66% did not drink treated water and 67% had a domiciliary behavior. Symptoms of salmonellosis were not present in 83% of all positive animals. S. Gafsa represented the most prevalent serovar (38.9%), followed by S. Rubislaw (27.8%), S. Carrau (16.7%) and S. enterica subsp. Houtenae (11.1%). One sample could not be identified. Gentamicin was the most potent in vitro drug for the treatment of salmonelosis, followed by ampicilin. Our results confirmed that dogs represent an important reservoir of exotic Salmonella serovars and that there are different patterns of sensitivity to drugs among them.
TL;DR: Accessions selected on farms for their high levels of resistance to witchesbroom, good agronomic traits, which are genetically distant from SCA-6, have a high potential for the breeding program or even for direct recommendation to farmers.
Abstract: This study aimed at a microsatellite marker-based assessment of the genetic variability of 30 accessions of Theobroma cacao selected for resistance to witchesbroom on commercial plantations in the cocoa region of Bahia State and to compare them with traditional sources of resistance to witchesbroom (SCA-6 and IMC-67) and other parents (ICS-1 and SIC-19) used in the breeding program of the Cocoa Research Center (CEPEC). Sixteen pairs of specific primers for microsatellite loci were used, generating 64 alleles. The genetic distance between the analyzed accessions ranged from 0.13 to 0.71 and the heterozygosis levels from 23 to 76%. The cluster analyses grouped 18 accessions (60%) together with SCA-6. Accessions selected on farms for their high levels of resistance to witchesbroom, good agronomic traits, which are genetically distant from SCA-6, have a high potential for the breeding program or even for direct recommendation to farmers.
TL;DR: Hharvesting bulbs in 15 days after the tops tall over, induced significant increase in the total soluble phenolic compounds in the skin of the bulb for 'Baia Periforme' and 'Jubileu', known as yellow dark skin cultivars.
Abstract: The influence of cultivar and maturity stage at harvest over the weight, quality and weight loss through cure of onions was evaluated for cultivars Granex, Baia Periforme and Jubileu. Harvesting 15 days before the drop of tops did not affect the total bulb fresh weight or total soluble content, which were function of the genotype tested. Earlier harvesting, 15 days before maturation, significantly reduced the total soluble solids for 'Baia Periforme'. The bulbs presented small amount of starch, bellow 0.16% of the fresh weight. The general average for total soluble sugars was 6.8%; 11.5% and 10.8% of bulb's fresh weight, for the early hybrid 'Granex', the middle season cultivar Baia Periforme and late season cultivar Jubileu, respectively. Hharvesting bulbs in 15 days after the tops tall over, induced significant increase in the total soluble phenolic compounds in the skin of the bulb for 'Baia Periforme' and 'Jubileu', known as yellow dark skin cultivars. During the cure of the bulbs, harvesting 15 days before the top tall over, a higher rate of fresh weight loss was observed, irrespective of the genotype tested.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present simulations of the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMBR) power spectrum for a class of mixed, non-Gaussian, primordial random fields.
Abstract: We present simulations of the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMBR) power spectrum for a class of mixed, non-Gaussian, primordial random fields. We assume a skew-positive mixed model with adiabatic inflation perturbations plus additional isocurvature perturbations possibly produced by topological defects. The joint probability distribution used in this context is a weighted combination of Gaussian and non-Gaussian random fields, such as P(δ) = (1 - α)f1(δ) + αf2(δ), where f1(δ) is a Gaussian distribution, f2(δ) is a non-Gaussian general distribution, and α is a scale-dependent mixture parameter. Results from simulations of CMBR temperature and polarization power spectra show a distinct signature for very small deviations (0.1%) from a pure Gaussian field. We discuss the main properties of such mixed models, as well as their predictions, and suggestions on how to apply them to small-scale CMBR observations. A reduced χ2 test shows that the contribution of an isocurvature fluctuation field is not ruled out in actual CMBR observations, even in the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe first-year sky map.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigate the use of the nonextensive thermostatistics (NETS) formalism in the context of nonlinear galaxy clustering in the Universe and propose a quantitative criterion for justifying nonextensivity at different physical scales.
Abstract: We investigate two important questions about the use of the nonextensive thermostatistics (NETS) formalism in the context of nonlinear galaxy clustering in the Universe. Firstly, we define a quantitative criterion for justifying nonextensivity at different physical scales. Then, we discuss the physics behind the ansatz of the entropic parameter q(r). Our results suggest the approximate range where nonextensivity can be justified and, hence, give some support to the applicability of NETS to the study of large-scale structures.
TL;DR: Heteropterys andersonii, related to seriesMetallophyllis Nied.
Abstract: A new species of Heteropterys (Malpighiaceae) from the semideciduous forests of Bahia, Brazil. Brittonia 56: 143–146. 2004.—Heteropterys andersonii, related to series Metallophyllis Nied., is described as new and illustrated. A new species of Heteropterys (Malpighiaceae) from the semideciduous forests of Bahia, Brazil. Brittonia 56: 143–146. 2004.—Heteropterys andersonii, relacionada a serie Metallophyllis Nied., e descrita como nova e ilustrada.
TL;DR: A worker syntype from Brazil (Jundia, S o Paulo) is here designated lectotype in order to stabilize the taxonomy of the latitarsis group.
Abstract: A new species, Scaura atlantica Melo, is described from eastern Brazil. It belongs to the latitarsis group and can be distinguished from workers of S. latitarsis especially by its larger body size, darker color, smoother upper frons, and by the contour of the posterior margin of the hind basitarsus; from workers of S. argyrea, n. stat., it differs by possessing a frons with shorter simple setae whose sockets are less protuberant, shorter simple setae on the mesoscutum and by the shape of the hind basitarsus. Considering that the original type series of Trigona latitarsis Friese, 1900, is probably composed of more than one species, a worker syntype from Brazil (Jundia , S o Paulo) is here designated lectotype in order to stabilize the taxonomy of the group.
TL;DR: O estudo utilizou-se de levantamento de corte seccional (cross-section) para o qual foram aplicados vinte questionarios junto aos produtores, selecionados por meio do criterio de amostra intencional, segundo a tecnica survey.
Abstract: Coconut is a tropical tree being cultivated in about 90 countries, standing out the Asian continent in production and commercialization of the product "in natura" and in processed products. It is possible to take advantage of several parts of the tree, such as fruit, leaves, inflorescence, among others. Brazil presents good environmental conditions for adaptation and development of coconut cultivation. Among the main brazilian production areas, the Northeast stands out as the main producer (about 80% of national production). Bahia State stands out as one great producer and consumer. Ilheus town in Bahia State is expanding the production along the time, in function of the tourists' flow and initiatives of diversification of the regional agriculture. The objective of this study was identifying and evaluating, economical and financially, the different technological levels adopted by the producers of coconut in Ilheus Region. In this study it was used the survey cross-section technique for which twenty questionnaires were applied to the producers, selected through the criterion of intentional sample, according to the survey technique. Through those information the financial indicators were calculated (VPL, TIR, B/C) and sensibility analysis. It is noticed that the three technological levels adopted in the studied region presented positive results, however the Technology III is the most efficient. The results, for the Technologies I, II and III, of positive VPL are of R$ 4,857.04, R$ 20,782.38 and R$ 47,931.22, respectively; for TIR of 43%, 80% and 87%, successively. The relationship B/C was of 2.32 (Technology I), 3.24 (Technology II) and 2.89 (Technology III). Such results indicate that the adopted technologies are economical and financially viable. However, the producer can increase technology use to get higher advantages of the activity in order of generating larger profitability.
TL;DR: Most of the rejected accessions showed a different trend in GC3% vs GC2% plot compared to the set of accessions that have been published in international journals, which suggests the existence of a bias in the pattern recognition algorithms used by gene prediction programs.
TL;DR: In this paper, a theoretical analysis of a setup intended to measure the repulsive (outward) Casimir forces predicted to exist inside of perfectly conducting rectangular cavities is performed, considering the roles of the conductivity of real metals, of the temperature and surface roughness.
Abstract: We perform a theoretical analysis of a setup intended to measure the repulsive (outward) Casimir forces predicted to exist inside of perfectly conducting rectangular cavities. We consider the roles of the conductivity of the real metals, of the temperature and surface roughness. The use of this repulsive force to reduce friction and wear in micro and nanoelectromechanical systems (MEMS and NEMS) is also considered.
TL;DR: Five species of Megachile are placed in their correct subgenera, raising the total number of correctly placed species of this genus to 519 in the Americas.
Abstract: Five species of Megachile are placed in their correct subgenera, raising the total number of correctly placed species of this genus to 519 in the Americas. Megachile (Dasymegachile) mitchelli new name is proposed for Cressoniella (Chaetochile) golbachi Schwimmer, in Mitchell, 1980.