The Hertz Corporation

About: The Hertz Corporation is a based out in . It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Soil water. The organization has 9562 authors who have published 11044 publications receiving 447929 citations. The organization is also known as: Hertz Rental Car & Hertz Rent-a-Car.

A SNP-based consensus genetic map for synteny-based trait targeting in faba bean (Vicia faba L.)

Abstract: Summary Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is a globally important nitrogen-fixing legume, which is widely grown in a diverse range of environments. In this work, we mine and validate a set of 845 SNPs from the aligned transcriptomes of two contrasting inbred lines. Each V. faba SNP is assigned by BLAST analysis to a single Medicago orthologue. This set of syntenically anchored polymorphisms were then validated as individual KASP assays, classified according to their informativeness and performance on a panel of 37 inbred lines, and the best performing 757 markers used to genotype six mapping populations. The six resulting linkage maps were merged into a single consensus map on which 687 SNPs were placed on six linkage groups, each presumed to correspond to one of the six V. faba chromosomes. This sequence-based consensus map was used to explore synteny with the most closely related crop species, lentil and the most closely related fully sequenced genome, Medicago. Large tracts of uninterrupted colinearity were found between faba bean and Medicago, making it relatively straightforward to predict gene content and order in mapped genetic interval. As a demonstration of this, we mapped a flower colour gene to a 2-cM interval of Vf chromosome 2 which was highly colinear with Mt3. The obvious candidate gene from 78 gene models in the collinear Medicago chromosome segment was the previously characterized MtWD40-1 gene controlling anthocyanin production in Medicago and resequencing of the Vf orthologue showed a putative causative deletion of the entire 5′ end of the gene.

The multiplication and spread of sacbrood virus of bees.

Abstract: SUMMARY Sacbrood virus multiplied without causing symptoms in adult bees when it was injected into them or when it was fed to young individuals. More virus accumulated in heads of infected bees than elsewhere in their bodies, and much was in their hypopharyngeal glands. The extract of each infected head contained about 102medial lethal doses (LD 50s) of sacbrood virus for larvae when given in their food. The infective dose of sacbrood virus by injection for adults was about 10-4of the LD 50 in food for larvae. The infective dose by mouth for adults was about 102LD 50s for larvae, but bees older than 4–8 days could not be infected this way. Infection did not spread between adults but is probably transmitted in nature from infected adults to larvae and back to young adults that ingest remains of larvae killed by sacbrood. The youngest adult bees infected with sacbrood ate little pollen and lived only about 3 weeks in the laboratory, as did bees receiving no pollen, whereas bees fed with ample pollen lived 9 weeks.

Detection of insecticide resistance by immunological estimation of carboxylesterase activity in Myzus persicae (Sulzer) and cross reaction of the antiserum with Phorodon humuli (Schrank) (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

Abstract: An antiserum was prepared against carboxylesterase E4, the enzyme conferring resistance in Myzus persicae (Sulzer) to a wide range of insecticides, and the immunoglobulin G (IgG) fraction was purified from it by affinity chromotography. Interactions of the antiserum and IgG with aphid homogenates and the purified esterase proteins were studied by immune diffusion, immunoelectrophoresis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In M. persicae, the interactions were specific for E4 and its closely-related mutant form, FE4, and except for Phorodon humuli (Schrank), there was no cross-reaction with homogenates of the nine other aphid species examined. These studies confirmed the quantitative changes in E4 protein previously reported and established that the increased esterase activity in P. humuli also arises from the production of more protein, or proteins, homologous to E4. Resistance of M. persicae could be characterized by immunoelectrophoresis even after preservation of the insects in 30% ethanol. Although ELISA could also be used to identify resistance, a simpler immunoplate assay was developed based on measuring the esterase activity of E4 retained when the enzyme bound to IgG. This assay discriminates well between the three resistant M. persicae variants common in the field in the UK, and its simplicity allows the study of large numbers of insects.

Role of 5-HT1-like receptors in the reduction of porcine cranial arteriovenous anastomotic shunting by sumatriptan.

Abstract: 1. The new tryptamine derivative sumatriptan (GR43175) is effective in the treatment of migraine. Since several antimigraine agents reduce cranial arteriovenous anastomotic blood flow in the anaesthetized pig, we have investigated the carotid haemodynamic effects of sumatriptan. 2. Sumatriptan (10, 30, 100 and 300 micrograms kg-1, i.v.) reduced total common carotid blood flow, exclusively by affecting its arteriovenous anastomotic fraction; the capillary fraction even increased with the highest doses. 3. These reductions in the carotid arteriovenous anastomotic ('shunt') blood flow were mediated by a 5-HT1-like receptor, as methiothepin, but not ketanserin, antagonized the responses to sumatriptan. 4. Sumatriptan increased the difference in oxygen saturation between arterial and jugular venous blood, which is likely to be a consequence of the reduction of the carotid shunt blood flow. 5. The selective reduction in arteriovenous anastomotic blood flow produced by sumatriptan may reflect its antimigraine action, thought to involve vasoconstriction of those cranial vessels, be they 'shunt' vessels or not, which are distended and inflamed during a migraine attack.

Very different X-ray to optical column density ratios in gamma-ray burst afterglows: ionisation in GRB environments

Abstract: We compare the HI column densities from Ly-alpha absorption to the metal column densities from X-ray absorption in gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglows. Eight bursts of seventeen entering the sample, have significant extragalactic X-ray absorptions. Of these we find a range in metallicities from sub-solar to a few hundred times the solar value. There is a complete lack of correlation between the X-ray and optical column densities. This, and the large range and extreme values of these 'metallicities', suggest that the column densities derived by one or both methods are not a reliable indication of the true total column densities towards GRBs. Ionisation of the GRB's gas cloud to large distances along the line of sight seems the most likely cause. From the lower limit on the total column density and the UV luminosity of the GRBs, we derive a maximum distance to the majority of the gas surrounding GRBs of ~3 pc, suggesting that the gas probed by optical afterglow spectra is not the cloud in which the burst occurs. This is an encouraging result for the use of GRB optical afterglows as probes of the interstellar medium (ISM) in their host galaxies, as the ISM observed is less likely to be strongly affected by the GRB or its progenitor.