Showing papers by "Universidade Estadual de Londrina published in 1999"
TL;DR: The results suggest that raw or rare cooked meat may an important way of transmiting toxoplasmosis to humans in this region and suggest that carnivores, herbivores, and omnivores are exposed to the same sources of transmission.
Abstract: Toxoplasma gondii the agent causing toxoplasmosis has a worldwide distribution. In the present study we attempt to determine the prevalence of toxoplasmosis in food animals and horses from farms in Jaguapita county. IgG antibody were detected using indirect immunofluorescence. Titers higher or equal to 1:64 were considered reactive. We found prevalence rates of 24% (267) for swine, 25.8% (400) for bovine , 51.8% (228) for ovine samples, and 12.1% (173) for equine. Seropositivity increased with age in sheeps and pigs, there were no gender differences in the species studied. There was a positive and significant correlation between human and feline (r= 0.64 p=0.05), human and canine (r=0.78 p=0.01), canine and swine (r=0.96 p=0.0001), bovine and ovine (r=0.82 p=0.006), bovine and equine (r=0.89 p=0.001), and ovine and equine (r=0.92 p=0.0004) titers. These results suggest that carnivores, herbivores, and omnivores are exposed to the same sources of transmission. Toxoplasmosis has a high prevalence on the studied population. Our results suggest that raw or rare cooked meat may an important way of transmiting toxoplasmosis to humans in this region.
141 citations
TL;DR: Species composition and abundance of fishes that escaped from aquaculture facilities during catastrophic flooding in the Paranapanema and Tibagi rivers, in January, 1997 was estimated.
Abstract: Species composition and abundance of fishes that escaped from aquaculture facilities during catastrophic flooding in the Paranapanema and Tibagi rivers, in January, 1997 was estimated. In all , 1,292,000 adult individuais belonging to 11 species and 1 hybrid, were introduced into these rivers; only one species was native. The disaster is attributed to the illegal occupation of the river banks, and the non observance of standard measures designed to avoid escapement.
125 citations
TL;DR: This paper used Response Surface Methodology to study the effect of extrusion variables: feed moisture (18, 21, 24), extruder temperature (120, 150, 180°C) and die diameter (3, 4, 5 mm) on cold viscosity, gel-forming capacity and retrogradation of extruded starches.
101 citations
TL;DR: The data indicate that PG, together with NO and TNF-alpha, participate in a complex circuit that controls lymphoproliferative and cytokine responses in T. cruzi infection.
85 citations
TL;DR: Results on the rotavirus types circulating in diarrheic piglets in Brazil disclosed a high diversity of strains with distinct G types including G1, G4, G5, and G9 and the novelty of P, the predominant human P specificity type, add strong evidence for the emergence of new strains through natural reassortment between rotaviruses of human and porcine origins.
Abstract: Rotavirus type G5 is a primarily porcine pathogen that has caused frequent and widespread diarrhea in children in Brazil and in piglets elsewhere. Initial results on the rotavirus types circulating in diarrheic piglets in Brazil disclosed a high diversity of strains with distinct G types including G1, G4, G5, and G9 and the novelty of P[8], the predominant human P specificity type. Those results add strong evidence for the emergence of new strains through natural reassortment between rotaviruses of human and porcine origins.
83 citations
TL;DR: The Marsh cone test is a simple approach for obtaining a practical measure of the fluidity of cement pastes containing superplasticizer and silica fume as discussed by the authors, which can be used for the selection of super-plasticizers type and dosage.
Abstract: The Marsh cone test is a simple approach for obtaining a practical measure of the fluidity of cement pastes containing superplasticizer and silica fume. Using this method, a study of the effect of water/cement ratio, type and dosage of mineral admixture, and superplasticizer type on cement pastes with different superplasticizer dosages is presented here. Results are presented for cement pastes with silica fume and micronized diatomites as mineral admixtures. In all cases, there is a superplasticizer saturation dosage beyond which there is no significant increase in fluidity and, therefore, can be used for the selection of superplasticizer type and dosage. The data obtained indicate that the relative fluidity generally decreases with an increase in the silica fume content. The Marsh cone approach is also used to compare the effects of the mixing sequence used in the preparation of the pastes. A study of the loss of fluidity over time as a function of the superplasticizer type shows that the trends can vary considerably from one product to another.
79 citations
TL;DR: Natural mycoflora associated with fumonisins were analyzed in 150 samples of freshly harvested corn from Central-Southern, Central-Western and Northern regions of the State of Paraná, Brazil and correlated to climatic conditions, with the highest contamination with potentially mycotoxigenic fungi occurring in corn harvested in the Central- Western region.
Abstract: Natural mycoflora associated with fumonisins were analyzed in 150 samples of freshly harvested corn from Central-Southern, Central-Western and Northern regions of the State of Parana, Brazil and correlated to climatic conditions. The corn samples were frequently contaminated with Fusarium sp.(98.7 to 100%) and Penicillium sp. (93 to 100%), when compared to Aspergillus sp. (not detected to 27.7%). The highest contamination with potentially mycotoxigenic fungi occurred in corn harvested in the Central-Western region, where total mould and yeast counts ranged from 5.5 × 103 to 5.2 × 106 CFU/g, with 98.7% contaminated byFusarium sp. and 93% by Penicillium sp. In this region F. moniliforme (F. verticillioides) was the predominant Fusariumsp., and was isolated in 85.9% of the samples. Aspergillus sp. was isolated from 27.7% samples. FB1 was detected in 100% of the samples (mean of 2.39 μg/g) and FB2 in 97.7% (mean of 1.09 μg/g). Fumonisins were also detected in all samples from Northern region, with mean of 4.56 μg/g (FB1) and 2.20 μg/g (FB2).Considering 1.0 μg/g as the threshold, 72% of the corn samples from the Central-West and 92% from the North were contaminated with concentrations above this value, in contrast to a 18.5% contamination rate from Central-Southern samples. Between corn planting to harvesting season, the average maximum temperature and relative humidity were 26 °C and 77.1%(Central-Southern), 27 °C and 69% (Northern)and 29.9 °C and 89.1% (Central-Western).Therefore, the higher fumonisins contamination of corn from Northern region when compared to the Central-South were due to the differences in rainfall levels (92.8 mm in Central-Southern, 202 mm in Northern) during the month preceding harvest.
79 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a new approach is discussed for adoption of criteria in the application of the cultural profile methodology for tropical soil conditions, which can be used to make qualitative diagnosis of the physical state of soil in the field, as well as to help with soil sampling, to study the effect of agricultural machinery, and to visualize the physical, chemical and biological soil interactions, and help with the studies of contraction, expansion, and shearing in the fields and in the structural organization of soils and root system analyses.
Abstract: A new approach is discussed for adoption of criteria in the application of the cultural profile methodology for tropical soil conditions. The evolution of this methodology has been analyzed since its beginning in France in the 1960s, until its proposal for tropical soil management studies. The cultural profile approach can be used to make qualitative diagnosis of the physical state of soil in the field, as well as to help with soil sampling, to study the effect of agricultural machinery, to visualize the physical, chemical and biological soil interactions, and to help with the studies of contraction, expansion, and shearing in the field and in the structural organization of soils and root system analyses.
78 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the rheological behavior of Brazilian orange juice with different water content (0.34-0.73 w/w) was studied at a wide range of temperatures using a concentric cylinder viscometer.
70 citations
TL;DR: The results showed the reaction between p-benzoquinone and Cys occurs through the sulfhydryl group, and a recovery of about 100% is observed for both Cys and carboCys, when the method is applied to determine Cys in a mixture of amino acids resembling blood plasma, shampoo, and pill food.
67 citations
01 Aug 1999
TL;DR: In this article, the authors identify competitive strategies adopted by small firms and identify four types of competitive strategies in accordance with the Miles and Snow's (1978) model of the competitive strategies.
Abstract: The objective of this paper was to identify competitive strategies adopted by small firms. Miles and Snow's (1978) model of competitive strategies was used to classify reported strategic choices. Data were collected with 107 enterprises in the city of Londrina, PR, Brazil, belonging to 8 different business sectors. Results indicated that 4 types of competitive strategies were found in accordance with Miles and Snow's (1978) model. Companies' performance differed according to competitive strategies, that is, reactors were less effective in terms of growth, thus confirming one of the main model's propositions. The most frequent strategy was analytical. No differences were found that could be attributed to manager's gender.
TL;DR: O inquerito epidemiologico revelou that os individuos sororreagentes tinham 2,06 vezes mais possibilidades de apresentarem problemas oculares do que os nao reagentes, visando diminuir o risco de infecao toxoplasmica.
Abstract: A toxoplasmose e uma protozoonose de distribuicao mundial, que pode infectar uma grande variedade de especies. No presente estudo, avaliou-se a presenca de toxoplasmose em 345 moradores da zona rural do Municipio de Jaguapita, Estado do Parana, Brasil. A frequencia dos titulos nas amostras de soro humano foi comparada com a frequencia dos titulos encontrados em 1 420 amostras de diversas especies animais com as quais os moradores da regiao tinham contato. A prevalencia de anticorpos anti-Toxoplasma gondii foi de 66% entre a populacao do estudo (reacao de imunofluorescencia indireta). Foram considerados positivos os titulos maiores ou iguais a 16. O maior titulo encontrado foi de 65 536 (1%) e os titulos mais frequentes foram de 256 (29%) e 1024 (19%). A comparacao entre seres humanos e animais revelou uma correlacao positiva e significativa entre a distribuicao dos titulos de anticorpos de humanos e felinos (r = 0,78; P = 0,01) e de humanos e caninos (r = 0,64; P= 0,05). Os participantes do estudo foram tambem testados pela tela de Amsler, sendo que 22% deles (75/345) relataram algum tipo de alteracao ocular; destas pessoas, 77% (58/75) foram sororreagentes a toxoplasmose. Quarenta e uma das 58 pessoas foram encaminhadas para exame oftalmico de fundo de olho. Neste grupo, 22% dos pacientes (9/41) apresentaram lesoes caracteristicas de coriorretinite cicatrizada, sugestivas de toxoplasmose ocular (idade entre 34 e 78 anos). Nenhum paciente apresentou processo inflamatorio. Dentre seis pacientes (67%) com lesoes unilaterais, quatro apresentaram titulo de anticorpos de 256. O inquerito epidemiologico revelou que os individuos sororreagentes tinham 2,06 vezes mais possibilidades de apresentarem problemas oculares do que os nao reagentes. Neste sentido, nao foram verificadas diferencas significativas com relacao a sexo, contato com animais, consumo de carne crua ou mal passada e leite cru e abate de animais para consumo proprio. Os resultados sugerem que a toxoplasmose esta amplamente distribuida na regiao, com significativa incidencia de lesoes oculares provocadas pelo Toxoplasma gondii. E recomendavel um maior controle por parte das autoridades sanitarias, visando diminuir o risco de infecao toxoplasmica, principalmente entre gestantes.
TL;DR: It is concluded that T. gondii is widely distributed in dogs and cats from this region and there was a statistical significant increase in seropositivity with age.
Abstract: The present study was designed to stablish the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in cats and dogs from a rural area of the Jaguapita county, Parana state, Antibodies against-Toxoplasma gondii were detected by indirect immuno-fluorescence test. Titers than 1:16 were considered positive. A prevalence rate of 73% and 84.1% was observed for cats and dogs respectively . There was no difference related to sender. The most frequent titer in cats was 1:4096 (28.6%), whereas the highest titer found was 1:65536 (0.8%). There was a statistical significant increase in seropositivity with age. The most common titers in dogs was 1:64 (38.4%), whereas the highest titer was 1:4096 (1.9%). There was a decrease in seropositivity in dogs with less than 8 of age. There was no significant correlation in the distribuition of titers between dogs and cats. Based on our data we conclude that T. gondii is widely distributed in dogs and cats from this region.
TL;DR: Vaginal hysterectomy is an effective and safe procedure for benign nonprolapsed uteri irrespective of nulliparity, previous pelvic surgery, or uterine enlargement and the true need for laparoscopy or laparotomy in this setting is questioned.
TL;DR: There is a high percentage of microorganisms unable to reduce TTC in pasteurized milk, which cannot be detected by laboratory procedures based on the formation of red colonies.
Abstract: 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) is a dye largely used for enumeration ofmicrobial colonies in solid culture media, being a key component of the dry rehydratablefilm system used for microbiological analysis of food. This dye is colorless in theoxidized form and red when reduced by microorganisms, due to formation of formazan.In this study, TTC was added to Plate Count Agar (PCA) for enumeration ofmicroorganisms in thirty four pasteurized milk samples, with the aim to verify thefrequency of microorganisms that are unable to reduce TTC. Milk samples weredecimally diluted in saline and pour-plated in PCA plus 0.015% TTC. Colonies werecounted after 24h and 48 h of incubation at 35 o C. From a total of 50,574 colonies,19,665 (38.88%) did not reduce TTC in 48h. It was observed that 571 (6.36%) coloniesthat were colorless in 24h became red in 48h. From those that didn™t reduce TTC in48h, 233 were purified and Gram stained. 229 (98.71%) of them were Gram positivecocci and bacilli. The results show that there is a high percentage of microorganismsunable to reduce TTC in pasteurized milk, which cannot be detected by laboratoryprocedures based on the formation of red colonies.Key words: 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride, TTC, pasteurized milk, microbial counts
TL;DR: It is concluded that leptin per se does not directly affect either liver glycolysis or its glucose production, but a physiological leptin concentration is capable of acutely inducing a direct marked reduction on the rate of glucagon-stimulated glucose production in in situ rat perfused liver.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether leptin interferes directly with glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis in isolated rat hepatocytes and also in in situ rat perfused livers. ANIMALS: Male albino rats (200–250 g) were used in all experiments. MEASUREMENTS: D-glucose, L-lactate and pyruvate production. RESULTS: In the present study, no differences were found for the rates of glycolysis, as expressed by the areas under the curves, among control (24.2+5.0 mmol\g), leptin (32.0+4.5 mmol\g), glucagon (24.7+3.0 mmol\g), and the leptin + glucagon (23.8+3.4 mmol\g) groups. No difference was found for the rates of glycogenolysis between the control and the leptin perfused livers (15.2+3.9 and 15.0+3.2 mmol\g, respectively). In the presence of glucagon, the areas under the curves for the rate of glycogenolysis rose to 108.6+3.8 mmol\g. When leptin was combined with glucagon, the area under the curve for glycogenolysis was 43.7+4.3 mmol\g. In fact, leptin caused a reduction of almost 60% (P<0.001) in the rate of glucagon-stimulated glycogenolysis. Under basal conditions, the addition of leptin (100 ng\ml) to the incubation medium did not elicit any alteration in glucose production by isolated hepatocytes. However, in the presence of leptin, the production of glucose from glycerol (2 mM), L-lactate (2 mM). L-alanine (5 mM) and L-glutamine (5 mM) by the isolated hepatocytes was significantly reduced (30%, 30%, 23% and 25%, respectively). The rate of glucose production (glycogenolysis) by isolated hepatocytes was not different between the control and the leptin incubated groups (445.0±91.0 and 428.0±72.0 nmol\106 cells\h, respectively). CONCLUSION: We conclude that leptin per se does not directly affect either liver glycolysis or its glucose production, but a physiological leptin concentration is capable of acutely inducing a direct marked reduction on the rate of glucagon-stimulated glucose production in in situ rat perfused liver. Leptin is also capable of reducing glucose production from different gluconeogenic precursors in isolated hepatocytes.
TL;DR: Partial transfer of the tricuspid valve to the mitral valve is an effective procedure for the surgical treatment of mitral valves insufficiency secondary to ruptured chordae tendineae of the anterior leaflet.
TL;DR: This study provides a list of anurans occuring in Londrina Municipality, north of Parana, and analyses the difference in species richness between one well preserved forest area (Parque Estadual Mata dos Godoy) and another, altered area (Estacao de Piscicultura da Universidade estadual de Londina).
Abstract: This study provides a list of anurans occuring in Londrina Municipality, north of Parana, and analyses the difference in species richness between one well preserved forest area (Parque Estadual Mata dos Godoy) and another, altered area (Estacao de Piscicultura da Universidade Estadual de Londrina). The greatest number of species was in the preserved area (24 species) when compared to the altered one (14 species). The occurence of true forest species (stenoics), such Crossodactylus sp., Eleutherodactylus binotatus, E. guentheri, and Hyalinobatrachium uranoscopum, only in the Parque Estadual Mata dos Godoy shows the conservation leveis of areas and put in evidence the anurans as biological indicators of environmental quality. New registers for Parana State were the following species: H. uranoscopum, P. avelinoi and Scinax perereca.
TL;DR: The effects of genetics and environmental factors on isoflavone content of soybean (Glycine max L.) cultivars grown in different locations in Brazil in 1993/94 were evaluated as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The effects of genetics and environmental factors on isoflavone content of soybean (Glycine max L.) cultivars grown in different locations in Brazil in 1993/94 were evaluated. Seeds of different cultivars were analised by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Parana (PR), and Mato Grosso do Sul (MS) States, a significant difference in the isoflavone total content average of the cultivars IAS 5 and FT-Abyara (163.9, 116.4 and 79.5 mg/100 g, respectively) was observed. In general, IAS 5 contained higher isoflavone than FT-Abyara. Cultivars IAS 5 and FT-Abyara grown at Vacaria, RS (28°30' S latitude) with temperature average of 19°C, had the highest isoflavone concentrations (218.7 and 163.8 mg/100 g, respectively). In Palotina, PR (24°27' S latitude), where temperature average was 24°C, the isoflavone concentrations were 105.9 and 86.8 mg/100 g, respectively. The lowest isoflavone contents were observed for FT-Estrela and FT-Cristalina, (27.6 and 46.5 mg/100 g, repectively) at Rondonopolis, MT (16°20' S latitude), where the temperature was 27°C.
TL;DR: The authors' data showed frequent occurrence of Microcystis sp.
Abstract: An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on a monoclonal antibody was used to determine microcystin (MC) concentrations in water supplies and water plant samples collected between November 1995 and October 1996, from five regions of Parana, Brazil. In addition, the presence of Microcystis sp. was monitored. Of the 50 samples obtained, 12 were from an urban lake, 8 from human water supplies, 10 from recreational lakes, 13 from farm waters used for animal pasture and 7 from aquaculture facilities. M. aeruginosa was positive in all locations. MCs were positive (>50 pg ml(-1)) in 9 samples (2 samples from human water supplies, 5 from recreational lakes and 2 from animal pasture). Heavy contamination with MCs was observed in water samples collected in May 1996 from 2 recreation (swimming-fishing sites at Itaipu dam, 6380 and 10,000 pg ml(-1)) and human supplies (6627 pg ml(-1)) samples. At these sites, a large bloom of Microcystis sp. was detected. Treatment with 1 ppm Cl- reduced MCs levels, although 267 pg ml(-1) remained in the water plant samples. Our data showed frequent occurrence of Microcystis sp., which may be a hazard to humans and animals in the state of Parana. More detailed investigations are required to evaluate the risk of natural MC contamination in the water supplied in this region.
TL;DR: Phylogenetic analysis revealed two lineages or subgenotypes within P[8] strains: the F45-like P subgenotype comprised most of the strains, including all the human G5 isolates analyzed, whereas the Wa- or S8-like sub genotype consisted of only a human isolate obtained in the same geographic region as S8 and an American strain with atypical RNA profile besides the prototypes Wa and S8 viruses.
TL;DR: A Municipio de Espigao D'Oeste, Estado of Rondonia, enfocando os ambientes utilizados durante a atividade reprodutiva em areas de floresta primaria c campos de pastagens, e apresentado a lista de especies de anfibios anuros da Fazenda Jaburi.
Abstract: Neste trabalho e apresentado a lista de especies de anfibios anuros da Fazenda Jaburi. Municipio de Espigao D'Oeste, Estado de Rondonia, enfocando os ambientes utilizados durante a atividade reprodutiva em areas de floresta primaria c campos de pastagens. Foram registradas 31 especies para esta localidade pertencentes as seguintes familias: Bufonidae (3), Dendrobatidae (2), Hylidae (17), Leptodactylidae (7) e Microhylidae (2). A maioria das especies (24) ocorreram no interior e na borda de floresta primaria. Quatorze especies foram observadas em atividade reprodutiva nos campos de pastagens, enquanto nove especies foram encontradas apenas dentro de floresta primaria.
TL;DR: In this article, a mixture experimental design was used to model the acceptability of a low calorie dessert mix sweetened with single, binary and tertiary combinations of saccharin, cyclamate and stevioside.
TL;DR: Thirty one Escherichia coli strains isolated from pigs with urinary tract infections were investigated for presence of virulence factors and plasmid DNA profile and the pap) operon, detected by PCR, was found in 54.8% of the strains, which is similar to its frequency in human strains.
TL;DR: In this article, the spin Hamiltonian parameters, contact interaction and covalent bonding parameters of the NH 4 Br:Cu 2+ were determined at 300 and 77 K with X-band and Q-band EPR.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of isoflavones on soybean flavor was analyzed by an unstructured category scale of ascending intensity, and the results indicated that pre-heating of grains promoted better flavor in soybean products.
Abstract: 6 ABSTRACT - Flavor is the main limiting factor affecting soybean acceptability in the Occidental countries. The purpose of this study was to determine the effetcs of isoflavones on soybean flavor. Differences in beany flavor and astringency of soymilk and cooked whole soybean grains, prepared with cultivars IAS 5 and BR-36 (136 and 54 mg of total isoflavones /100 g of sample, respectively) with pre-soaking and pre-heating of grains, were sensorially analised, by an unstructured category scale of ascending intensity. Differences in isoflavone contents for both soybean cultivars were maintained in the two products, despite the pre-treatments in the processing. Pre-soaking of grains intensified beany flavor in the soymilk, reducing the perception of astringency, which is caused by the aglucones that were developed in reduced amounts.The whole soybeans grains cooked under pressure (1.5 kgf/cm 2 at 127°C) presented reduced levels of isoflavones malonyl-glucosides. Due to thermal instability, these compounds were converted to conjugated glucosides, genistin and daidzin. In the cooked whole soybean grains, no aglucones were formed and consequently it was not possible to detect differences in astringency. Results suggest that pre-heating of grains promote better flavor in soybean products.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors performed electrochemical intercalation of Li+ ions into amorphous and polycrystalline tungsten oxide films by cyclic voltammetry and chronopotentiometry techniques.
TL;DR: Chromomycin staining established not only the nucleolar chromosome pair, but also fluorescent marking in the telomeric and centromeric regions of other chromosomes which seem to correspond to the distribution patterns of the constitutive heterochromatin constitutive distribution.
Abstract: Specimens of Pinirampus pirinampu were analyzed cytogenetically. Fifteen individuals were obtained from the Tibagi river near Sertaneja, PR, Brazil. A karyotypic structure consisting of 50 chromosomes distributed as 26M+12SM+2ST+10A was observed. The nucleolar organizing regions ( NORs) were identified on the short arm of a pair of subtelocentric chromosomes. A variation in size of the NOR regions was observed among the paired chromosomes. Chromomycin (CMA 3) staining established not only the nucleolar chromosome pair, but also fluorescent marking in the telomeric and centromeric regions of other chromosomes which seem to correspond to the distribution patterns of the constitutive heterochromatin. Restriction enzyme Alu I was employed and the reaction pattern obtained also corresponded to the heterochromatin constitutive distribution.
TL;DR: T-DCTN is not genotoxic nor cytotoxic to mouse bone marrow cells, submitted to acute intraperitoneal treatment in vivo, by micronucleus (MN) and chromosomal aberration (CA) tests.
Abstract: The genotoxic action of three doses of trans-dehydrocrotonin (t-DCTN), an active ingredient obtained from the bark extracts of an Amazon native plant, Croton cajucara, were examined in Swiss mouse bone marrow cells in vivo, submitted to acute intraperitoneal treatment, by micronucleus (MN) and chromosomal aberration (CA) tests. The statistical tests (Anova and Tukey) made to compare the results obtained in each of the three doses of t-DCTN with the negative-control group showed that the frequencies of MN and mitotic index were equal to the negative-control and that the frequencies of CA were lower than that observed in the negative-control. Therefore, based on our results it can be said that t-DCTN is not genotoxic nor cytotoxic to mouse bone marrow cells, submitted to acute intraperitoneal treatment in vivo. Teratogenesis Carcinog. Mutagen. 19:377-384, 1999.
TL;DR: A multiplex reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and digoxigenin-labeled (dig) oligonucleotide probes using chemiluminescence has been developed to detect and discriminate VP7 genes from culture-adapted and field isolates of human, porcine and bovine gp C RV, which may help determine the epidemiological importance of these viruses in human and animal infections.