Showing papers by "Universidade São Judas Tadeu published in 2020"

Relationships Between Training Workload Parameters with Variations in Anaerobic Power and Change of Direction Status in Elite Youth Soccer Players.

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to test the relationships between training workload (WL) parameters with variations in anaerobic power and change of direction (COD) in under-16 soccer players. Twenty-three elite players under 16 years were daily monitored for their WL across 20 weeks during the competition soccer season. Additionally, players were assessed three times for anthropometric, body composition, COD, and anaerobic power. A correlational analysis between the mean differences between assessments and accumulated WL parameters were conducted. Moreover, a regression analysis was executed to explain the variations in the percentage of change in fitness levels considering the accumulated WL parameters and peak height velocity. The accumulated daily loads during one week showed a large and a moderate correlation with peak power and COD at different periods of the season. Regression analysis showed no significant predictions for COD (F(12, 10) = 1.2, p = 0.41) prediction, acute load (F(12, 10) = 0.63, p = 0.78), or chronic load (F(12, 10) = 0.59, p = 0.81). In conclusion, it may be assumed that the values of the chronic workload and the accumulated training monotony can be used to better explain the physical capacities of young soccer players, suggesting the importance of psychophysiological instruments to identify the effects of the training process in this population.

Dietary Diversity and Micronutrients Adequacy in Women of Childbearing Age: Results from ELANS Study

Abstract: Dietary diversity, an important component of diet quality, is associated with an increased probability of adequate micronutrient intake Women of childbearing age (WCA) are particularly vulnerable to micronutrient inadequacy The Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women (MDD-W) has been used widely as a proxy measurement of micronutrient adequacy This study aimed to assess the association between MDD-W and nutrients adequacy among WCA of eight Latin American countries Nutrient intakes from 3704 WCA were analyzed with two 24-hour dietary recalls Dietary diversity was calculated based on ten food groups with a cut-off point of intake ≥5 groups The mean dietary diversity score was 472 points, and 577% of WCA achieved MDD-W Vitamin D and E showed a mean Nutrient Adequacy Ratio (NAR) of 003 and 038, respectively WCA with a diverse diet (MDD-W > 5) reported a significantly higher intake of most micronutrients and healthy food groups with less consumption of red and processed meats and sugar-sweetened beverages MDD-W was significantly associated with the mean adequacy ratio (MAR) of 18 micronutrients evaluated Nevertheless, even those women with a diverse diet fell short of meeting the Estimated Average Requirements (EAR) for vitamins D and E MDD-W is an appropriate tool to evaluate micronutrients adequacy in WCA from Latin America, showing that women who achieved the MDD-W reported higher adequacy ratios for most micronutrients and an overall healthier diet

Acute increases in brain-derived neurotrophic factor following high or moderate-intensity exercise is accompanied with better cognition performance in obese adults

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to test if different intensities of aerobic exercise could influence abdominal fat, isoforms of BDNF and executive function. Twenty obese men (30.0 ± 5.4 years old; 34.4 ± 3.5 kg/m2) were randomized to moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT, n = 10) and high-intensity intermittent training (HIIT, n = 10) three times a week for 6 weeks, with isoenergetic energetic expenditure for each exercise session (~ 300 kcal) between conditions. Abdominal fat was assessed pre- and post-intervention; executive function (Coding subtest from BETA-III non-verbal intelligence test and Stroop Color and Word Test), concentrations of mBDNF and proBDNF were assessed in response to acute exercise pre- and post-intervention. Abdominal fat did not change in either group. There was a significant increase in mBDNF immediately after acute exercise in both groups before and after intervention. proBDNF did not present changes acutely nor after 6 weeks. Executive function presented a main effect of time at pre- and post-intervention time-points Stroop Word and Stroop Color and Coding subtest presented improved performance from pre- to post-acute exercise session, in both groups. In conclusion, executive function improvements and acute exercise session-induced increases in mBDNF concentration were found from pre- to post-exercise intervention similarly between MICT and HIIT in obese men.

Anthropometry, dietary intake, physical activity and sitting time patterns in adolescents aged 15-17 years: an international comparison in eight Latin American countries

Abstract: Although there is high prevalence of obesity and other cardiovascular risk factors among Latin American adolescents, there is limited evidence on dietary intake and physical activity (PA) patterns in this population. Therefore, we characterized anthropometry, dietary intake, PA and sitting time (ST) in adolescents aged 15–17 years from eight Latin American countries. Six hundred seventy-one adolescents (41.4% girls) from the Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health (ELANS) were included. Nutritional status was classified by four BMI (kg/m2) categories. Waist circumference (WC) was categorized as above or below thresholds. Dietary intake was assessed through two non-consecutive 24-h dietary recalls. PA and ST were measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). We calculated overall and country-specific estimates by sex and tested for differences between boys and girls. Differences in the prevalence of overweightness (15.1 and 21.6%) and obesity (8.5 and 6.5%) between boys and girls, respectively, were statistically insignificant (p = 0.059). Average energy intake was 2289.7 kcal/day (95% CI: 2231–2350) for boys and 1904.2 kcal/day (95% CI: 1840–1963) for girls (p 0.05 for all outcomes). There was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of total energy (TE) saturated fat and added sugar (>10% of TE) between girls and boys (49.6% versus 44.8 and 81.7% versus 76.1%, respectively). Prevalence of physical inactivity was 19% in boys and 43.7% in girls (p 0.05). These findings highlight the high prevalence of poor dietary intake and physical inactivity in adolescents from Latin American countries. Therefore, effective and sustainable strategies and programmes are needed that promote healthier diets, regular PA and reduce ST among Latin American adolescents. Clinical Trials NCT02226627. Retrospectively registered on August 27, 2014.

Myotendinous junction adaptations to ladder-based resistance training: identification of a new telocyte niche.

Abstract: The present study shows chronic adjustments in the myotendinous junction (MTJ) in response to different ladder-based resistance training (LRT) protocols. Thirty adult male Wistar rats were divided into groups: sedentary (S), calisthenics (LRT without additional load [C]), and resistance-trained (LRT with extra weight [R]). We demonstrated longer lengths of sarcoplasmatic invaginations in the trained groups; however, evaginations were seen mainly in group R. We showed a greater thickness of sarcoplasmatic invaginations in groups C and R, in addition to greater evaginations in R. We also observed thinner basal lamina in trained groups. The support collagen layer (SCL) adjacent to the MTJ and the diameters of the transverse fibrils were larger in R. We also discovered a niche of telocytes in the MTJ with electron micrographs of the plantar muscle and with immunostaining with CD34+ in the gastrocnemius muscle near the blood vessels and pericytes. We concluded that the continuous adjustments in the MTJ ultrastructure were the result of tissue plasticity induced by LRT, which is causally related to muscle hypertrophy and, consequently, to the remodeling of the contact interface. Also, we reveal the existence of a collagen layer adjacent to MTJ and discover a new micro anatomic location of telocytes.

Impacts of covid-19 on the immune, neuromuscular, and musculoskeletal systems and rehabilitation

Abstract: The new coronavirus, which causes the infectious disease named COVID-19 by the World Health Organization (WHO), was notified in 2020 in China. The main clinical manifestations in infected patients are fever, cough and dyspnoea. These patients are prone to developing cardiac changes, diffuse myopathy, decreased pulmonary function, decreased inspiratory muscle strength, and a deterioration in functional capacity. Thus, it is expected that patients affected by COVID-19 will suffer musculoskeletal consequences as a result of the inflammatory process and loss of muscle mass caused by immobility, generating motor incapacities that are not yet quantifiable. It is important to understand the clinical implications caused by COVID-19, in order to have better rehabilitation strategies for these patients. The aim of this study was to conduct a reflective analysis of the impact of COVID-19 on the immune, neuromuscular and musculoskeletal systems, and its rehabilitation process. This is a reflexive analysis, developed in the Laboratory for the Study of Movement of the Institute of Orthopaedics’ and Traumatology, at the Universidade de Sao Paulo School of Medicine, SP, Brazil. In this analysis, we reflect on the following topics related to COVID-19: immunological mechanisms, impact on the neuromuscular and musculoskeletal systems, and the rehabilitation of patients. Level of evidence V; Opinion of the specialist.

RAGE Mediates Cholesterol Efflux Impairment in Macrophages Caused by Human Advanced Glycated Albumin.

Abstract: We addressed the involvement of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) in the impairment of the cellular cholesterol efflux elicited by glycated albumin. Albumin was isolated from type 1 (DM1) and type 2 (DM2) diabetes mellitus (HbA1c > 9%) and non-DM subjects (C). Moreover, albumin was glycated in vitro (AGE-albumin). Macrophages from Ager null and wild-type (WT) mice, or THP-1 transfected with siRNA-AGER, were treated with C, DM1, DM2, non-glycated or AGE-albumin. The cholesterol efflux was reduced in WT cells exposed to DM1 or DM2 albumin as compared to C, and the intracellular lipid content was increased. These events were not observed in Ager null cells, in which the cholesterol efflux and lipid staining were, respectively, higher and lower when compared to WT cells. In WT, Ager, Nox4 and Nfkb1, mRNA increased and Scd1 and Abcg1 diminished after treatment with DM1 and DM2 albumin. In Ager null cells treated with DM-albumin, Nox4, Scd1 and Nfkb1 were reduced and Jak2 and Abcg1 increased. In AGER-silenced THP-1, NOX4 and SCD1 mRNA were reduced and JAK2 and ABCG1 were increased even after treatment with AGE or DM-albumin. RAGE mediates the deleterious effects of AGE-albumin in macrophage cholesterol efflux.

Ovarian status modulates cardiovascular autonomic control and oxidative stress in target organs

Abstract: Studies have presented conflicting findings regarding the association between both fluctuation and deprivation of ovarian hormones and cardiovascular autonomic modulation and oxidative stress and their potential impact on resting arterial pressure (AP) and cardiovascular risk. This study aimed to assess cardiovascular autonomic modulation, baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), and oxidative stress in male rats (M) and in female rats during ovulatory (FOV) and non-ovulatory phases (FNOV) of the estrous cycle and after deprivation of ovarian hormones (FO). Direct AP was recorded, and BRS was assessed by using increasing doses of phenylephrine and sodium nitroprusside. AP and heart rate variability were assessed by spectral analysis. Oxidative stress profile was evaluated in cardiac, renal, and muscle tissues. In females, the ovulatory phase and ovarian hormone deprivation induced an increase in AP (FOV and FO ~ 9 mmHg) when compared to the non-ovulatory phase. Ovariectomy promoted increased cardiac sympathovagal balance (~ 17–37%) when compared to other groups. Both FOV and FO groups presented impaired BRS, associated with higher AP variability. In general, antioxidant capacity was higher in the FNOV than in the M group. Ovarian hormone deprivation induced a decrease in catalase activity in cardiac and renal tissues and an increase in lipid peroxidation in all tissues analyzed. Positive correlations (p < 0.05) were found between vascular sympathetic modulation and lipid peroxidation in cardiac (r = 0.60), renal (r = 0.60), and muscle (r = 0.57) tissues. In conclusion, both oscillation and deprivation of ovarian hormones play an important role in cardiovascular autonomic control and oxidative stress profile in target organs, which is reflected in AP changes.

Poly (butylene succinate) and derivative copolymer filled with Dendranthema grandiflora biolarvicide extract

Abstract: Dengue is the most important infectious disease in the world and is a severe public health problem. The chikungunya is an arbovirus, in many cases, increased, which is transmitted by the same transmitter dengue vector, Aedes aegypti. The symptoms of both diseases are similar, and infections can be lethal. Although there is no preventive vaccine against any of the two diseases, therefore, it is extremely important to control the mosquito. The eggs of A. aegypti are very resistant and hatch into larvae, which later give rise to mosquitoes in any container with water. Natural plant extracts have come from active substances with larvicidal activity against A. aegypti. However, they tend to be highly hydrophobic and need some strategy to improve its affinity for water. Because of these factors, this research aims to synthesize and characterize polymeric materials with properties suitable for the release of hydrophobic principles with larvicidal action. The synthesized polymers are poly (butylene succinate) (PBS) and PBS block copolymer with polyethylene glycol (PEG). The synthesized polymers were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance, thermal analysis simultaneous, differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and diffraction of X-rays analysis. The analysis results showed that the synthesized materials have chemical composition and properties suitable for use in the controlled release of actives substances. Systems were prepared using the Dendranthema grandiflora extract, which has larvicidal activity was incorporated via fusion to polymers, to evaluate its release in aqueous media. The results proved that higher amounts of PEG in the copolymer chain speed up the delivery of the larvicidal extract. Besides that, the larvicidal extract concentration required to cause death larvae of A. aegypti was achieved from the first minutes of dissolution tests, indicating that the materials developed are promising tool to fight dengue and chikungunya. This new system is a vital tool for eliminating vectors, potentially contributing to saving millions of lives worldwide.

Sedentary behavior, physical activity and body composition in adults.

Abstract: SUMMARY OBJECTIVE We investigated the associations between objectively assessed sedentary behavior (SB) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and body composition variables among a representative sample of Brazilian adults. METHODS Using an accelerometer, SB and MVPA were monitored for at least 5 days in 524 participants (261 men; age, 18-65 years). Each minute epoch was classified as sedentary or spent in light, moderate, or vigorous physical activity (LPA, MPA, and VPA, respectively). The measured body composition variables included abdominal perimeter (AP) and neck circumference (NC). RESULTS Men accumulated significantly more min/day of MPA (37.82 versus 27.28), VPA (1.10 versus 0.31), MVPA (39.02 versus 27.61), and steps/day (14,978 versus 13,443) than women (p<.001). In men, MPA, VPA, MVPA, and steps/day were negatively associated with AP (p<.05) independently of SB. Only VPA was significantly associated with NC (β= 0.113; p=.002). In women, only SB was significantly associated with AP (β= 0.003; p=.031). There were no significant associations between physical activity intensities and body composition in women. CONCLUSIONS Our findings on the unequal association of physical activity with body composition variables between sexes can help inform future intervention strategies in Brasil.

Oxytocin Reduces Intravesical Pressure in Anesthetized Female Rats: Action on Oxytocin Receptors of the Urinary Bladder.

Abstract: Urinary bladder dysfunction affects several people worldwide and shows higher prevalence in women. Micturition is dependent on the Barrington's nucleus, pontine urine storage center and periaqueductal gray matter, but other brain stem areas are involved in the bladder regulation. Neurons in the medulla oblongata send projections to hypothalamic nuclei as the supraoptic nucleus, which synthetizes oxytocin and in its turn, this peptide is released in the circulation. We investigated the effects of intravenous injection of oxytocin (OT) on the urinary bladder in sham and ovariectomized rats. We also evaluated the topical (in situ) action of OT on intravesical pressure (IP) as well as the existence of oxytocin receptors in the urinary bladder. In sham female Wistar rats, anesthetized with isoflurane, intravenous infusion of OT (10 ng/kg) significantly decreased the IP (-47.5 ± 1.2%) compared to saline (3.4 ± 0.7%). Similar effect in IP was observed in ovariectomized rats after i.v. OT (-41.9 ± 2.9%) compared to saline (0.5 ± 0.6%). Topical administration (in situ) of 0.1 mL of OT (1.0 ng/mL) significantly reduced the IP (22.3.0 ± 0.6%) compared to saline (0.9 ± 0.7%). We also found by qPCR that the gene expression of oxytocin receptor is present in this tissue. Blockade of oxytocin receptors significantly attenuated the reduction in IP evoked by oxytocin i.v. or in situ. Therefore, the findings suggest that (1) intravenous oxytocin decreases IP due to bladder relaxation and (2) OT has local bladder effect, binding directly in receptors located in the bladder.

Advanced Glycated apoA-IV Loses Its Ability to Prevent the LPS-Induced Reduction in Cholesterol Efflux-Related Gene Expression in Macrophages

Abstract: We addressed how advanced glycation (AGE) affects the ability of apoA-IV to impair inflammation and restore the expression of genes involved in cholesterol efflux in lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) treated macrophages. Recombinant human apoA-IV was nonenzymatically glycated by incubation with glycolaldehyde (GAD), incubated with cholesterol-loaded bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs), and then stimulated with LPS prior to measurement of proinflammatory cytokines by ELISA. Genes involved in cholesterol efflux were quantified by RT-qPCR, and cholesterol efflux was measured by liquid scintillation counting. Carboxymethyllysine (CML) and pyrraline (PYR) levels, determined by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), were greater in AGE-modified apoA-IV (AGE-apoA-IV) compared to unmodified-apoA-IV. AGE-apoA-IV inhibited expression of interleukin 6 (Il6), TNF-alpha (Tnf), IL-1 beta (Il1b), toll-like receptor 4 (Tlr4), tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (Traf6), Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Jak2/Stat3), nuclear factor kappa B (Nfkb), and AGE receptor 1 (Ddost) as well as IL-6 and TNF-alpha secretion. AGE-apoA-IV alone did not change cholesterol efflux or ABCA-1 levels but was unable to restore the LPS-induced reduction in expression of Abca1 and Abcg1. AGE-apoA-IV inhibited inflammation but lost its ability to counteract the LPS-induced changes in expression of genes involved in macrophage cholesterol efflux that may contribute to atherosclerosis.

Muscle hypertrophy and ladder-based resistance training for rodents: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract: This study aimed to review the effects of ladder-based resistance training (LRT) on muscle hypertrophy and strength in rodents through a systematic review with meta-analysis. We systematically searched PubMed/Medline, SportDiscuss, Scopus, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Scielo database on May 18, 2020. Thirty-four studies were included measuring total (mCSA) or mean muscle fibers cross-sectional area (fCSA) or maximum load-carrying capacity (MLCC) or muscle mass (MM). About the main results, LRT provides sufficient mechanical stimulation to increase mCSA and fCSA. Meta-analysis showed a significant overall effect on the fCSA (SMD 1.89, 95% CI [1.18, 2.61], p < .00001, I2 = 85%); however, subgroup analysis showed that some muscle types might not be hypertrophied through the LRT. Meta-analysis showed a significant training effect on the MM (SMD 0.92, 95% CI [0.52, 1.32], p < .00001, I2 = 72%). Sub-group analysis revealed that soleus (SMD 1.32, 95% CI [0.11, 2.54], p = .03, I2 = 86%) and FHL (SMD 1.92, 95% CI [1.00, 2.85], p < .0001, I2 = 71%) presented significant training effects, despite moderate heterogeneity levels (I2 = 72%). MLCC increases considerably after a period of LRT, regardless of its duration and the characteristics of the protocols (SMD 12.37, 95% CI [9.36, 15.37], p < .00001, I2 = 90%). Through these results, we reach the following conclusions: (a) LRT is efficient to induce muscle hypertrophy, although this effect varies between different types of skeletal muscles, and; (b) the ability of rodents to carry load increases regardless of the type and duration of the protocol used.

Reliability of an Integrated Inertial Sensor for the Continuous Measurement of Active Cervical Range of Motion in a Group of Younger and Elderly Individuals

Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the test-retest reliability of an integrated inertial sensor (IIS) for cervical range of motion assessment. An integrated inertial sensor was placed on the forehead center of thirty older adults (OA) and thirty younger adults (YA). Participants had to perform three continuous rotations, lateral bandings and flexion-extensions with their head. Test-retest reliability was assessed after 7 days. YA showed moderate to good agreement for rotation (0.54-0.82), lateral bending (0.74-0.8), and flexion-extension (0.74-0.81) movements and poor agreement for zero point (ZP). OA showed moderate to good agreement for rotation (0.65-0.86), good to excellent agreement in lateral bending (0.79-0.92), and poor to moderate agreement for flexion-extension (0.37-0.72). Zero point showed poor to moderate agreement. In conclusion, we can affirm that this IIS is a reliable device for cervical range of motion assessment in young and older adults; on the contrary, the ZP seems to be unreliable and the addition of an external reference point could help the subject to solve this shortcoming and reduce possible biases.

Effects of treadmill training on gait of elders with Parkinson's disease: a literature review

Abstract: Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder in old age. Aging process for elders with Parkinson's disease can induce gait disturbances with more functional disabilities than for elders without the disease. Treadmill training as a therapy has resulted in notable effects on the gait of patients with Parkinson's disease and may be a resource for geriatric neurological rehabilitation. This review aimed to study the effects on gait after treadmill training in elderly patients with Parkinson's disease. The search was performed in the databases PubMed®, LILACS, PEDro and EMBASE, with the following keywords: "Parkinson's disease", "elderly", "treadmill training" and "gait evaluation". The quality of the studies included was assessed by PEDro Scale. Eleven studies met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Eight studies were randomized, and only one did a follow-up. One can observe in this review that treadmill training with or without weight support (at least 20 minutes, two to three times a week, with progressive increase of loads, for minimum of 6 weeks) in elderly patients with the Parkinson's disease was effective to improve gait. In addition, both were considered safe (since some studies described the use of belts, even in unsupported training) and can be associated with therapies complementary to gait, such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, visual cues or anodal transcranial direct current stimulation. Treadmill training in elderly patients with Parkinson's disease is an intervention that improves gait outcomes, but further studies are required for better proofs.

Para ler Arquitetura Nova Brasileira: arquitetos Flávio Império, Rodrigo Lefèvre e Sérgio Ferro

Abstract: The first studies examined the role of Grupo Arquitetura Nova in contemporary Brazilian architecture that was done almost 20 years ago. (Koury, 1999 [2003], Arantes, 2000 [2002]). The arq.urb journal, from the Graduate Program in Architecture and Urbanism at Sao Judas University, features an edition that seeks to broaden the debate on the multifaceted work of architects Flavio Imperio Rodrigo Lefevre and Sergio Ferro. These early studies admitted that the three architects' work in the 1960s was a co-production between them, as Sergio Ferro repeatedly stated in his interviews. [...]

Culture circles on social and environmental determinants: action research with community health agents of Paraisópolis, SP.

Abstract: Objectives: To identify social and environmental determinants of health in the perception of community health agents, and to develop a health education process to contribute to the improvement of health promotion. Methods: A qualitative action research based on Freire's Research Itinerary (Culture Circles), using talking maps and integrated panels, with 29 community health agents of the Paraisopolis II Basic Health Unit, in the community of Paraisopolis, Sao Paulo. The analysis of the results was carried out by the Method of Triangulation. Results: Sanitation, housing, behaviors, health services, and other social facilities were identified, which, along with the representation of blaming, were codified and decoded by the integration of technical and traditional knowledge. Conclusions: Knowledge, values and abilities related to social and environmental determinants and their applicability in the Family Health Strategy, as well as the importance of community strengthening for health promotion and for coping with health vulnerabilities and inequities, were critically unveiled.

Covid-19 em uma Região Metropolitana: vulnerabilidade social e políticas públicas em contextos de desigualdades

Abstract: RESUMO A Covid-19 chegou rapidamente a periferia das grandes cidades brasileiras, a qual e socialmente mais vulneravel. A baixa capacidade de testagem resulta na adocao de medidas sem informacoes consistentes sobre o comportamento da doenca e interfere na adocao de acoes de controle. Objetivou-se estimar a prevalencia de infeccao por SARS-CoV-2 na populacao da Regiao Metropolitana da Baixada Santista (RMBS) e analisar impactos da vulnerabilidade social e de politicas publicas implementadas em contextos de desigualdades. Estudo de carater quantitativo, transversal, mediante inquerito sorologico seriado e aplicacao de questionario em amostragem populacional estratificada e coleta domiciliar, nos nove municipios da RMBS. Conclui-se que a soroprevalencia medida foi de 1,4% na primeira fase, e de 2,2% na segunda; permitindo estimar 15 pessoas infectadas para cada caso notificado na primeira fase, e 10 na seguinte. A letalidade foi recalculada para 0,40% e 0,48% em cada fase, aproximando-se da casuistica internacional. Pessoas mais vulneraveis sao as mais atingidas pela pandemia, devendo ser consideradas: informalidade no trabalho, baixa renda, cor da pele autorreferida como preta ou parda e informacoes ambivalentes quanto a prevencao. Os resultados reforcam a importância do isolamento social e da adocao de medidas economicas e sociais protetivas destinadas as populacoes vulneraveis.

Resistance Exercise Evokes Changes on Urinary Bladder Function and Morphology in Hypoestrogen Rats

Abstract: Serum levels of estrogen decrease at climacterium and directly interfere with the urogenital tract. Urinary bladder (UB) is responsive to hormonal changes, especially estrogen. Resistance exercise elicits benefits on severe chronic diseases. Nevertheless, it is still unclear whether the resistance exercise directly affects the UB in ovariectomized (OVx) rats. This study focused on investigating the effects of resistance exercise on UB function and morphology in OVx and control rats. Adult female Wistar rats (∼250-300 g, 14-16 weeks old) [control (n = 20) and OVx (n = 20)] were divided in the following groups: sedentary (SED), and trained over 1 week (acute), 3 weeks (intermediate), and 10 weeks (chronic). Training was carried out in a ladder, with six bouts in alternate days with 75% of body weight load attached to the tail of the animal. Afterward, the animals were isoflurane anesthetized for evaluation of intravesical pressure (IP) changes upon topical administration of acetylcholine (Ach) and noradrenaline (NE) on the UB. At the end of the experiment, the UB was harvested for histological analysis and stained with hematoxylin-eosin and picrosirius red. Ach increased the IP in both OVx and control rats, whereas NE decreased the IP. However, the acute and intermediate groups showed attenuated responses to Ach and NE, while the chronic groups recovered the responses to Ach and NE close to those observed in SED groups. Acute and intermediate groups also showed decreased thickness of the muscular layer, with a reversal of the process with chronic training. In the OVx groups, the acute training reduced the thickness of the smooth muscle and mucosal layers, whereas chronic training increased it. Urothelium thickness decreased in the OVx SED and acute groups. Collagen type I fibers (CI-F) reduced in OVx SED acute and intermediate groups, while collagen type III fibers (CIII-F) increased in the OVx acute group. In the mucosal layer, the volume density of CFs reduced in OVx rats compared to control groups and chronic training resulted in their recovery. Our data suggest that chronic resistance exercise for 10 weeks reversed the functional and morphological changes caused by hypoestrogenism.

Relationship of force platform with the clinical balance evaluation systems test in older adults.

Abstract: The aging process can alter the organization of postural control causing instability; literature shows several equipment and clinical tests whose purpose is to measure postural balance, involving different protocols and methodologies. Objective: To evaluate postural balance during the task to walk over the force platform (turn and return) and its relationship with clinic balance test (BESTest) in older adults. Methods: 60 older people of both sexes, aged 60 to 79 years, were tested in the force platform (NeuroCom Balance) and BESTest to evaluate postural balance. Results: negative correlations were found when comparing domains of the clinical test with stabilometric parameters in time and velocity variables of the tests Step/Quick turn. The highest correlations were in the total score (time spent to perform the task − 0.41, and in the velocity left side − 0.33/right side − 0.43), as well as in the stability limit (time spent to perform the task left side − 0.34/right side − 0.37, and the equilibrium velocity left side − 0.37/right side − 0.43). Conclusion: There are slim correlations between the clinical test and force platform variables, showing that each test measures different parameters. Level of evidence II, Diagnostic study - investigating a diagnostic test.

Fauna associated with morphologically distinct macroalgae from Admiralty Bay, King George Island (Antarctica)

Abstract: There are important gaps to understand the composition of the fauna associated with macroalgae, such as, how distinct algal morphology and environmental features, like turbulence or circulation patterns, may affect the distribution of them. In this study, macroalgae and associated fauna samples were undertaken between 4 and 12-m depth at three sites within the Admiralty Bay, King George Island, during the austral summer of 2000/2001. Previous physical oceanography data from the bay showed that each of these sites featured different circulation regimes. Differences and similarities in composition and density of the fauna associated with five species of macroalgae with different morphologies were analyzed: foliose (Monostroma hariotii and Palmaria decipiens); mixed (Myriogramme mangini); and branched (Desmarestia menziesii and Phaeurus antarcticus). Results showed differences in density, dominance of taxa, and richness among taxonomic groups of the associated fauna were related to algal morphology and circulation patterns. The dominance of epifaunal groups among macroalgae (e.g., D. menziesii, M. hariotii, and M. mangini) showed an adaptive response to different water flow settings within the bay, particularly in the community under the most intense flow. Further studies on associated fauna, should consider other environmental physical features and take our study like baseline to understand how major processes (e.g., climate change, seawater properties and circulation) may affect the communities, especially in more vulnerable shallow water zones.

Dez anos da política nacional de resíduos sólidos: um estudo comparativo entre 2011 e 2020 sobre o entendimento dos consumidores referente ao descarte de equipamentos eletroeletrônicos / Ten years of the national solid waste policy: a comparative study between 2011 and 2020 on the consumer's understanding regarding the disposal of electronic electronic equipment

Abstract: Este estudo tem como base realizar um comparativo entre os dez anos da implantacao da Politica Nacional de Residuos Solidos no Brasil, analisando os anos de 2.011 a 2.020, por meio da utilizacao de metodologias de pesquisa bibliograficas, exploratorias e abordagem quantitativa para a obtencao dos resultados fornecidos, atraves das respostas de questionarios aplicados a estudantes do ensino superior bem como a sociedade como um todo, com a finalidade de verificar se o entendimento da Lei esta mais latente em 2.020 ou em 2.011 quando da sua constituicao. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de campo, cujos dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas aplicada no Estado de Sao Paulo. Foram analisados diversos pontos que na visao dos autores possibilita ter uma amostragem ampla sobre o entendimento de um tema de extrema relevancia. Por fim, observou-se que ha necessidade de uma maior abrangencia dos governos e das instituicoes de ensino divulgar esta tematica ambiental reforcando a existencia de uma legislacao especifica para a reciclagem.

COVID-19 Seroprevalence in Baixada Santista Metropolitan Area, Sao Paulo, Brazil.

Abstract: Background COVID-19 reached Brazil in February 2020 after spreading throughout Asia and Europe. The disease first struck in Brazil’s major cities, affecting high-income groups, subsequently spreading to the socially-vulnerable outlying areas. The objective of this preliminary study was to the estimate the seroprevalence of COVID-19 in the Baixada Santista Metropolitan Area - RMBS, to inform policies for prevention and preparation of primary care, hospital services, hospital beds, intensive and critical care in a bid to reduce lethality. Methods This study is the first of a four-phase cross-sectional survey to include all cities within the Baixada Santista metropolitan area. The probabilistic population-based sample was based on a 7% prevalence with a 2% delta, a 5% level of significance and 90% power, and considered the estimated population, stratified by age, gender and city. The sample was randomized in each city and street selection was based on data drawn from the 2010 Brazilian census. The serology test was chosen from the available test kits approved by the National Health Agency (ANS) of the National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA), for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Information on socioeconomic characteristics, health service use, symptoms and adherence to social distancing measures was collected. All variables were expressed as absolute and relative frequencies and confidence intervals. Results The final sample comprised 2,342 respondents with a mean age of 37.78 (±19.98) years and equal gender distribution. Respondents predominantly lived in an abode with 4 or more rooms, 71.9% had an income of ≤3 minimum wages and no formal employment. Over half of the sample reported being reliant on the National Health Service (SUS) for health care, while 26.5% held private health insurance. Social distancing was practiced by 61.4% of respondents who answered this question. Seroprevalence measured was 1.4% for a 95% CI (0.93-1.93) based on mathematical estimates, with a ratio of 15 actual infections for every case notified, and lethality of 0.48%. Conclusion Results revealed a flattening of the epidemiological curve in the region and high underreporting of cases.

Estresse ocupacional e fatores associados: um estudo em professores

Abstract: To estimate the frequency of stress among professors and to check its association with sociodemographic variables, work characteristics and nutritional status. Cross-sectional study with 84 professors from the Human and Natural Sciences area, using the instruments: abbreviated IPAQ, Karasek and Theorell and Job Stress Scale demand-control scales. Nutritional status was defined by Body Mass Index (BMI), health status and work characteristics were selfreported. It was observed that 64.3% professors had low stress levels. Although the prevalence found is lower than in other studies, 35.7% showed high stress and passive work (n = 30). Among the stressors, we highlight the administrative duties (p = 0.012) and the time exercising the administrative position (p = 0.024). Overweight predominated in the sample. It is essential to rethink the management model of these institutions so as not to damage the health and performance of higher education professionals.

Elaboração de um instrumento para avaliar o processo de expatriação de voleibolistas

Abstract: This study aimed to present the initial stages of development of an instrument to assess the process of expatriation volleyball players with emotional and social bias. Three judges (experts in the field) and 68 people (48 athletes and 20 former athletes) of both sexes, with a mean age of 27 years, participated in the study. The instrument was constructed with items that deal with the process of expatriation and adaptation to the process. The analyzes aimed at the agreement of the judges to the questions, seeking to present a set of items that were able to evaluate the expatriation process. After assessed to one-dimensionality of the items that were part of the draft instrument and the adjustment thereof to the Rasch model. The results showed that some items suffered alteration of semantics by the judges and others had to be discarded from the preliminary version because they presented low concordance among the judges when evaluated by content validity ratio (CVR ≤ 0.99). In addition, some items that were part of the preliminary version did not conform to the Rasch model and were removed from the final version of the instrument. It can be concluded that the instrument, final version, presented quality to investigate the process of expatriation of volleyball players, being able to evaluate the expected latent trait.

The Association Between Rearfoot Motion While Barefoot and Shod in Different Types of Running Shoes in Recreational Runners

Abstract: The rearfoot angle (RFA) is a biomechanical variable widely used to determine the rearfoot motion (RM). Shoe manufacturers began to develop running shoes with RM control that would supposedly alter foot-ground interaction mechanics and neutralize excessive pronation or supination; moreover, some studies have not shown differences in rearfoot motion in shod condition compared to barefoot. This study intended to answer three questions: Do the shoes runners wear correspond to their respective barefoot RM? Does the eversion angle change during shod running, regardless the shoes worn? Can footwear designed for a specific RM (supination, pronation, neutral) correct or neutralize the eversion angle of runners? One hundred and eleven runners (38.6 ± 9.7years; 74.9 ± 12.0kg; 1.74 ± 0.08 m), who ran an average of 32 ± 17km/week, were included in this cross-sectional study. They had their RFA measured by a motion capture system when running barefoot and wearing their habitual running shoes (shod condition). Chi-squared test was used to assess associations between barefoot and shod condition and RFA was compared between conditions using Wilcoxon tests (p = 0.05). There was no association between the type of running shoe and barefoot RM (p > 0.05). There was an association between RFA when barefoot and when shod (p < 0.05). Among all participants classified as neutral, 61% continued to exhibit a normal/neutral RFA when wearing their habitual shoes. Among the overpronators, 100% showed a change in the RM to either normal or supinator. Among the participants classified as supinators, 62% exhibited normal pronation when shod even without using the appropriate footwear, claimed by the manufacturer. Only 44.1% of the sample chose the correct running shoe for their barefoot RM. The majority of runners did not choose their shoes designed for their natural type of RM. The rearfoot eversion angle changed an average 4 degrees when running shod and the RM barefoot altered quite a lot when using a running shoe. The running shoes did not correct the pronation detected barefoot, as claimed by the manufacturers.

Impact of the antifermentative diet during radiotherapy for prostate cancer in elderly, SÃO Paulo, Brazil.

Abstract: Assess the impact of the antifermentative diet on the dietary intake and body composition of elderly prostate cancer patients in radiotherapy. Observational and prospective study involving 45 men aged 60 years or older, receiving radiotherapy for prostate cancer treatment. The dietary intake was assessed at four times during radiotherapy: onset (TPre), between the 11th and 16th day (T1), between the 24th and 28th day (T2), and on the last day (TLast). The body composition was assessed before and on the last day of radiotherapy, by means of the body weight and height, mid-arm circumference, triceps and subscapular skin folds, phase angle, resistance, and reactance. The data were statistically treated, considering a 5% significance level. The intake of energy, dietary fibers, and some nutrients decreased during the radiotherapy (p < 0.05). The intake of vitamins E, B1, B2, and folate, of the minerals calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, and phosphorus, and of the amino acid leucine dropped when the four assessment times were compared (p < 0.05). As regards the body composition, an impact was observed at the end of the radiotherapy, with lower body weight, arm circumference, subscapular cutaneous fold, phase angle and reactance (p < 0.05). The antifermentative diet negatively influenced the food consumption and body composition of elderly patients submitted to radiotherapy for prostate cancer.

Effects of command and guided discovery teaching styles on acquisition and retention of the handstand

Abstract: The influential Mosston’s Spectrum of Teaching Styles is a guide to teaching decisions in Physical Education. This highly researched topic has been tested in many contexts so that our focus is centered on the type of skill during motor skill acquisition in physical education settings. Given that the tasks employed in the studies have been either specialized or manipulative fundamental skills, we sought to extend our understanding of the issue addressing the effects of teaching styles in the process of learning a stability fundamental skill. Our purpose was to examine motor and psychological effects of command and guided discovery teaching styles from Mosston's Spectrum in the acquisition and retention of the handstand in scholars. Third graders from a suburban school in Sao Paulo, Brazil, were assigned to a command (n=22) and a guided discovery (n=23) group. The process of learning the handstand lasted six acquisition sessions, carried out between a pretest and a posttest/retention. We used as dependent variables the motor developmental level (initial, elementary and mature), the movement ratings (scores from 0 to 10) and the motivation levels (post-learning self-reported subscales from the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory). The guided discovery teaching style led more scholars to reach the mature developmental stage of the handstand on retention compared to the command teaching style. No group differences were detected with respect to ratings or intrinsic motivation. Regardless of the group, the pretest ratings were lower than the posttest ones as well as boys scored higher in pressure and tension subscale as compared to girls. The current findings suggest that both teaching styles promoted motor acquisition, but the guided discovery teaching style seemed to yield superior handstand retention.

Breakfast Consumption Habit and Its Nutritional Contribution in Latin America: Results from the ELANS Study

Abstract: The aim of this study was to provide updated data on breakfast consumption, associated factors and its contribution to daily intakes among Latin American populations. A total of 9218 subjects, 15 to 65 years old, were evaluated in the ELANS study, a multicenter cross-sectional study conducted in eight Latin American countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela). Dietary data were obtained by two 24 h dietary recalls. Overall, 78.6% of the population were regular breakfast consumer, 15.9% occasional and 5.5% skippers. Adolescents were found to be the most frequent occasional consumers (19.2%) and skippers (6.8%). Among breakfast consumers (n = 8714), breakfast contributed to 444 ± 257 kcal, i.e., 23% of the total daily EI (16-27%). Breakfast consumers were more likely to be older adults than adolescents (OR = 1.49, 95% CI:1.06-2.10) and physically active than insufficiently active (OR = 1.29, 95% CI:1.07-1.55), and were less likely to be underweight than normal weight (OR = 0.63, 95% CI:0.41-0.98). In most countries, breakfast was rich in carbohydrates, added sugars, saturated fat and calcium relative to the entire day, and the energy contribution of protein and fats was lower at breakfast than for the entire day. These findings will contribute to the development of data-driven nutrient recommendations for breakfast in Latin America.