Showing papers by "University of Alabama at Birmingham published in 1975"
TL;DR: A chondrosarcoma grown in rats was found to produce a single kind of collagen, which was identified as a type II collagen, the cartilage specific protein.
240 citations
TL;DR: The uptake of the sugars into the vesicles was osmotically sensitive and independent of glucose metabolism, and transport was Na+-dependent, was inhibited by phlorizin, and showed a transitory vesicle/medium ratio >1, in the presence of an initial Na+ gradient.
Abstract: Uptake studies of D-and L-glucose were performed on vesicles derived from brush-border and basal-lateral membranes. The uptake of the sugars into the vesicles was osmotically sensitive and independent of glucose metabolism. In brush-border vesicles D-glucose but not L-glucose transport was Na-+-dependent, wn the presence of an initial Na+gradient. Basal-lateral membranes take up D-glucose faster than L-glucose, but the D-glucose uptake is significantly less sensitive to sodium removal and only moderately inhibited by phlorzin as compared to the prush-border fraction.
239 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that in such patients treatment should be directed toward keeping CI greater than 2.0 l-min minus 1-m minus 2 and P-vO2 greater than 30 mm Hg and that a therapeutic trial of reducing left ventricular afterload is indicated in some of these patients.
Abstract: One hundred thirty-nine infants and small children less than 48 months old were studied during the first 72 hours after intracardiac surgery for a variety of lesions. The hospital mortality rate was 19.4% (27 patients); 16 of those dying succumbed from acute cardiac failure. Deaths from acute cardiac failure were commonest in patients with low cardiac index (CI), and a continuous probability curve relates the two. The mean CI for all patients was 2.51 plus or minus 0.794 l-min minus 1-m minus 2, and that for individual patients varied between 0.6 and 4.9. Cardiac output normalized by surface area (cardiac index) correlated weakly with age. cardiac output normalized by weight did not correlate with age; Mean mixed venous oxygen partial pressure (P-vO2)varied between 17 and 60 mm Hg, and the weighted mean for the group of 80 patients in whom it was obtained was 33.1 plus or minus 6.57 mm Hg. CI and P-vO2 were only slightly related. Acute cardiac deaths occurred more frequently in patients with low P-vO2. Acute cardiac death was more reliably predicted using CI and P-vO2 together than either alone. The average of the mean arterial pressure was 80.5 plus or minus 2.53 mm Hg, and this did not correlate with CI. Mean average systemic vascular resistance was 30.0 plus or minus 8.395 SRU. We conclude that in such patients treatment should be directed toward keeping CI greater than 2.0 l-min minus 1-m minus 2 and P-vO2 greater than 30 mm Hg; that the possibility of maintaining adequate CI and P-vO2 is not related to the age of the patient but is related to the malformation treated; and that a therapeutic trial of reducing left ventricular afterload is indicated in some of these patients.
196 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the formation of labeled heparin-precursor polysaccharide from the nucleotide sugars, UDP-[14C]glucuronic acid and UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, in a mouse mastocytoma microsomal fraction was abolished by the addition of 1% Triton X-100.
Abstract: The formation of labeled heparin-precursor polysaccharide (N-acetylheparosan) from the nucleotide sugars, UDP-[14C]glucuronic acid and UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, in a mouse mastocytoma microsomal fraction was abolished by the addition of 1% Triton X-100. In contrast, the detergent-treated microsomal preparation retained the ability to convert such preformed polysaccharide into sulfated products during incubation with 3′-phosphoadenylylsulfate (PAPS). However, as shown by ion-exchange chromatography of these products, the detegent treatment changed the kinetics of sulfation from the rapid, repetivive process characteristic of the unperturbed system to a slow, progressive sulfation, which involved all polysarccharide molecules simultaneously and yielded, ultimately, a more highly sulfated product. The detergent effect was attributed to solubilization of sulfotransferases from the microsomal membranes, along with other polymer-modifying enzymes and the polysaccharide substrate. The resulting product showed an apparently random distribution ofN-acetyl andN-sulfate groups, instead of the predominantly block-wise arrangement achieved through membrane-associated biosynthesis.O-Sulfation occurred mainly at C2 of the iduronic acid units in the membrane-bound polysaccharide but at C6 of the glucosamine residues in the presence of detergent. A capsular polysaccharide fromEscherichia coli K5, previously found to have a structure identical to that of the nonsulfated heparin-precursor polysaccharide, was sulfated in the solubilized system in a fashion similar to that of the endogenous substrate, but was not accessible to the membrane-bound enzymes. These findings suggest that the regulation of the polymer-modification process, and hence the structure of the final polysaccharide product, depends heavily on the organization of the enzymes and their proteoglycan substrate in the endoplasmic membranes of the cell.
195 citations
TL;DR: A photosensitive azide derivative of ethidium bromide, 3(8)-amino-8(3)-azido-5-ethyl-6-phenyl phenanthridinium chloride was prepared which binds covalently to DNA via a light-generated nitrene intermediate, providing a means of studying the precise model of binding nucleic acid active drugs in relation to their biological effects.
122 citations
TL;DR: It is likely that B lymphocyte maturation in mammals is multifocal and is not dependent upon gastrointestinal influences as suggested previously.
Abstract: Using an organ culture technique, the development of B lymphocytes has been studied in a number of isolated embryonic hemopoietic tissues. Developing B lymphocytes were identified by cytoplasmic and surface immunofluorescence using purified class-specific antibodies and a Fab anti-immunoglobulin reagent. In fetal liver cultures these cells were further characterized for Fc and complement receptors and for the presence of mouse-specific B lymphocyte antigen. The results indicate that B lymphocytes develop independently in fetal liver and in fetal spleen; they do not develop in cultures of yolk sac and thymus. In conclusion, it is likely that B lymphocyte maturation in mammals is multifocal and is not dependent upon gastrointestinal influences as suggested previously.
99 citations
TL;DR: A separation of the action of a steroid on extragenital tissue from that of the accessory sex organs will probably not be achieved until the mechanism of action in the two types of tissue is elucidated.
84 citations
83 citations
TL;DR: The distribution of retinal afferents to the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of the cat following the early removal of one eye has been studied using autoradiographic as well as degeneration techniques.
Abstract: The distribution of retinal afferents to the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of the cat following the early removal of one eye has been studied using autoradiographic as well as degeneration techniques. The degeneration techniques have confirmed earlier observations that axons from the remaining, normal eye grow across laminar borders into the deafferented lamina A. Autoradiographic techniques, however, have shown further examples of translaminar growth between lamina A nadlamina A1 as well as between lamina A1 and lamina C. Although the possibility exists that such growth also occurs between the other C laminae (C1, C2 and C3) such growth is harder to demonstrate since no well defined interlaminar regions exist in this part of the nucleus. In the monocular segment of the nucleus degeneration techniques have shown some translaminar invasion of the deafferented lamina A. Autoradiographic techniques have demonstrated similar growth as well as an abnormal invasion of the most lateral parts of the monocular segment. This latter growth originates in the optic tract as it curves around the nucleus on the way to the superior colliculus.
79 citations
TL;DR: Rat immunoglobulin A, M, G 2a and G 2b and anti-rat α, μ, and γ were purified by ion exchange and immunoadsorbent chromatography and employed in the quantitation of the principal Immunoglobulins in serum and saliva of young rats from birth until 45 days of age and in milk, saliva and serum of adult rats.
77 citations
TL;DR: The present findings lead to the conclusion that conformational differences between lysozyme and α-lactalbumin are appreciable.
TL;DR: The results indicate that calcium-fucose interactions can provide an effective, sterospecific mechanism for cross-linking carbo hydrate chains and may be involved in a variety of Ca-2+-dependent agglutination and adhesion processes.
TL;DR: The partial purification of these enzymes indicated that fractions rich in the C3b inactivator bring about destruction of cell bound C4b but another enzyme is necessary for generation of the C4d fragment from C4B.
TL;DR: The observed stacking patterns are consistent with the hypothesis that altered stacking interactions may account for the mis-pairing between 5-halogenated uracil bases and guanine residues within double-helical nucleic acids.
TL;DR: A comparison of three panoramic x-ray machines revealed that the focal trough of the panorex curved inward in the posterior region, that of the GE-3000 remained straight, and the Orthopantomograph flared outward.
TL;DR: Fraction B Clq was found to be more soluble in low ionic strength buffers and to have an increased hemolytic activity and the anionic nature of fraction A was demonstrated by electrophoresis in agarose.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: By means of a comprehensive renal function test based on the analysis of orthoidohippurate kinetics carried out 223 times in 86 renal transplatn patients, it is able to separate clearly five clinical entities: normally functioning transplanted kidneys, acute tubular necrosis, cell-mediated rejection, humoral (chromin) rejection, and postrenal obstruction.
Abstract: By means of a comprehensive renal function test based on the analysis of orthoiodohippurate kinetics carried out 223 times in 86 renal transplant patients, we have been able to separate clearly five clinical entities: normally functioning transplanted kidneys, acute tubular necrosis, cell-mediated rejection, humoral (chronic) rejection, and postrenal obstruction. Accurate prediction of the fate of the rejecting kidney can be made while still subclinical as much as a week before manifestations by other techniques are evident. Data on 22 donors studied 44 times are also presented. The comprehensive test consists of measurements of effective renal plasma flow (ERPF), sequential scintigraphy, calculations of excretory index (EI) (percent dose actually found in bladder and voided urine as a fraction of the percent dose expected at a given time after injection at the patient's specific ERPF), and residual urine volume. Formulas and regression equations for the calculation of ERPF, EI, residual urine, etc., are presented. (auth)
TL;DR: The specialized atrioventricular (A-V) conduction system was electrophysiologically delineated during open-heart surgery in four patients with congenitally corrected transposition of the great vessels and associated ventricular septal defect and one patient with single ventricle.
Abstract: The specialized atrioventricular (A-V) conduction system was electrophysiologically delineated during open-heart surgery in four patients with congenitally corrected transposition of the great vessels and associated ventricular septal defect and one patient with single ventricle. Two consistent observations were made: 1) In no case was the specialized A-V conduction system found in the right atrium, whether or not there was a coronary sinus ostium present. 2) Specialized A-V conduction system electrograms were never delineated posterior to the ventricular septal defect, in contradistinction to this usual location in hearts having ventricular septal defects associated with other congenital lesions. In three of five patients, the initial course of the A-V conduction system of the ventricles was delineated between the anterior aspect of the ventricular septal defect and the pulmonary artery. In one patient the proximal portion of the A-V conduction system was delineated on the anterior aspect of the pulmonary conus. The course and extent of the A-V conduction system delineated in the morphological left ventricle suggests it is a left bundle branch. The surgical implications of the ectopic location of the A-V conduction system anterior to the ventricular septal defect, and the variability of the more proximal portion of the A-V conduction system are discussed.
TL;DR: Surgical treatment is more effective than medical treatment in relieving angina and improving exercise performance in the early years after coronary arteriography.
Abstract: The results of saphenous vein bypass grafting and medical treatment were compared in 53 patients with stable angina pectoris, high grade occlusive disease confined to the left anterior descending coronary artery and normal or minimally impaired left ventricular function Survival, incidence of myocardial infarction, relief of angina and response to exercise testing were evaluated In the 29 surgically treated patients, followed up a mean of 24 months, there were two late deaths (7 percent) and five myocardial infarctions (17 percent) Twelve patients (41 percent) were free of angina and the majority had increased exercise performance when tested up to 18 months postoperatively In the 24 medically treated patients, there were no deaths and one myocardial infarction (4 percent) in a mean follow-up period of 37 months Six patients (25 percent) were free of angina Less improvement in exercise performance was observed than in the surgically treated group This subset of patients with isolated left anterior descending coronary artery disease has a favorable prognosis that is not enhanced by bypass grafting Surgical treatment is more effective than medical treatment in relieving angina and improving exercise performance in the early years after coronary arteriography
TL;DR: In this paper, transferability of matrix elements from one molecule to another and their possible use in the construction of wavefunctions for large systems forms a natural alternative to the transferredability of the parts of a wavefunction, such as localized orbitals.
Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the utilization of transferability in molecular orbital theory. The chapter elaborates on the ways in which transferability can be utilized in the construction of wavefunctions for large systems. The chapter explores those methods that use such transferability to mimic ab initio calculations on large molecules, and the role played by transference in improving the numerical convergence of self-consistent field (SCF) cycling procedures. Within the molecular orbital theory, the transference of matrix elements from one molecule to another and their possible use in the construction of wavefunctions for large systems forms a natural alternative to the transferability of the parts of a wavefunction, such as localized orbitals. The chapter discusses various methods involving the transfer of matrix elements that includes the Non EmpiricaI Molecular Orbital (NEMO) scheme, and Simulated Ab initio Molecular Orbital (SAMO) scheme. The chapter presents the transference methods involving the use of localized orbitals, and finally considers the use of both transferred matrix elements and transferred localized orbitals in improving the efficiency of SCF cycling procedures.
TL;DR: Three-dimensional X-ray diffraction data were used to determine the crystal structure of alpha-D-glucuronate CaBr times 3H20, a model system for investigating the factors involved in the binding of calcium ions to D-glUCuronate residues of oligo-and poly-saccharides.
TL;DR: A new synthetic prostaglandin and unsaturated fatty acids have been shown to inhibit the incorporation of [3H]thymidine in the lymphocyte transformation reaction in response to phyto-hemagglutinin (PHA).
Abstract: SummaryA new synthetic prostaglandin (16, 16-PGE2) and unsaturated fatty acids have been shown to inhibit the incorporation of [3H]thymidine in the lymphocyte transformation reaction in response to phyto-hemagglutinin (PHA). This inhibition was not due to toxicity of these substances, for the lymphocytes remained intact and capable of excluding trypan blue.
TL;DR: A comparison of three panoramic x-ray machines revealed little difference in vertical and horizontal magnifications between machines; larger differences were seen to exist between vertical andizontal magnifications on each machine.
TL;DR: A catalog of thirty-nine hit-theoretic models is presented in this paper in three tables and the problem of adjusting for spontaneous death is explicitly treated by zero-truncation of relevant distributions.
Abstract: The quantum biological theory of the interaction (hits) between radiation particles and targets necessary for survival is axiomatically developed. Extensions, to include both biological variability in the probability of a hit and variation in the number of targets, are carried out. The problem of adjustment for spontaneous death is explicitly treated by zero-truncation of relevant distributions. A catalog of thirty-nine models is presented in three tables. Many of these are new. The problem of the aliasing of models resulting from different assumptions is briefly treated. An operational approach to hit-theoretic modelling is presented. The notion of a principle of duality is used to explicate the relation between continuous tolerance-dose distributions and quantal dose-mortality curves. Implications for the theory of bioassay are pointed out. The compendium of hit-theory models will enable the biological investigator to choose an appropriate model for a particular investigation and aid awareness of a set of alternative models which may be consistent with experimental data.
TL;DR: In general, S. mutans PS14 mutants B414 and B421 and 6715 mutant C4 demonstrated less dextran-sucrase activity and adherence than parental strains and caused fewer carious lesions in gnotobiotic rats.
Abstract: SummaryThe in vitro dextran-sucrase activities and adherence to glass of S. mutans 6715 and PS14 wild types and mutants were quantitated and compared with their in vivo cariogenicity in young, gnotobiotic rats. In general, S. mutans PS14 mutants B414 and B421 and 6715 mutant C4 demonstrated less dextran-sucrase activity and adherence than parental strains and caused fewer carious lesions in gnotobiotic rats. Rats monoinfected with either PS14 mutants B414 or B421 had less plaque and viable S. mutans in plaque than rats infected with parental strain. Both S. mutans 6715 mutants C211 and C229, demonstrated greater enzyme activity and adherence than the parental strain and produced more carious lesions.
TL;DR: A light sensitive ethidium azide has been used to produce covalent attachment of ethidium to mitochondrial DNA under conditions where EB mutagenesis does not occur, i.e. at high glucose concentrations, and in the petite negative yeast K .
TL;DR: The Forssman activity was associated with the lamina propria and the Leb-like activity to the glandular epithelium of dog small intestine and the difference of two hydroxy groups in the ceramide between the two glycolipids may be related to a different tissue localization.
01 Jan 1975
TL;DR: The hypothesis that generation of class diversity of B lymphocytes occurs during the antigen-independent first stage of differentiation, and that the genetic switch in Ch gene expression follows the sequence mu leads to gamma leads to alpha, is favored, but evidence of these points remains inconclusive.
Abstract: Differentiation of B cells occurs in two discontinuous stages Primary differentiation of stem cells to B lymphocytes in birds occurs exclusively in the lymphoepithelial bursa of Fabricius; the fetal liver may serve this function in mammals In chickens both the size of the B-lymphocyte pool and the generation of precursors for cells secreting different immunoglobulin classes is controlled by the bursa The latter process involves the sequential expression of genes coding for heavy chain constant regions in the order μ, γ, α The second stage of B-cell differentiation is antigen-driven, and involves proliferation and maturation of B lymphocytes to plasma cells Ontogenetic development of different classes of B lymphocytes in mammals is orderly, independent of exogenous antigens, and occurs in the sequence µ, γ, α A developmental switch in expression of CH genes, beginning with µ, has been experimentally verified We favor the hypothesis that generation of class diversity of B lymphocytes occurs during the antigen-independent first stage of differentiation, and that the genetic switch in CHgene expression follows the sequence µ→γ → α, but evidence of these points remains inconclusive—Lawton, A R, P W Kincade And M D Cooper Sequential expression of germ line genes in development of immunoglobulin class diversity Federation Proc 34: 33–39, 1975
TL;DR: In this article, the shape of a reflecting surface which will distribute axially symmetric light intensity into a specified irradiance over a receiver surface which is symmetric about the direction of the incident light is derived.